朱梅 孫強 鄧佳蘊
[摘要]目的:探討濃縮生長因子(Concentrate growth factors,CGF)聯(lián)合骨代用品在美學區(qū)拔牙位點保存中的應用。方法:選取2016年1月-2018年1月在筆者醫(yī)院接受美學區(qū)域拔牙且需行種植修復的患者52例(共52顆患牙),按隨機數(shù)字表法將患者分為實驗組和對照組,每組26例。兩組均采用微創(chuàng)拔牙法,對照組拔牙后讓拔牙窩自然愈合,實驗組采用CGF位點保存聯(lián)合Bio-Oss骨代用品修復。比較兩組拔牙位點愈合、植骨及種植體保存情況和手術前后拔牙位點骨板高度及牙槽骨高度。結果:實驗組患者拔牙位點植骨區(qū)均愈合良好,附著齦充足,外形豐滿;對照組患者拔牙位點愈合良好,但牙槽嵴呈現(xiàn)不同程度的萎縮,且附著齦相對較窄。隨訪12個月,實驗組未行植骨手術的比例明顯高于對照組(P<0.05)。與術前比較,術后6個月對照組腭側、唇側骨板高度及兩組牙槽骨高度均明顯減小,實驗組明顯大于對照組(P<0.05或P<0.01);實驗組種植修復體牙間乳頭及齦緣高度均獲得良好保存。結論:拔牙同期采用CGF聯(lián)合骨代用品行拔牙位點保存,可降低骨增量手術比例,有效保存牙槽嵴頂寬度,提高術后美容效果,安全性高。
[關鍵詞]濃縮生長因子;骨代用品;美學區(qū)域;拔牙位點;保存;應用
[中圖分類號]R782.12 ? ?[文獻標志碼]A ? ?[文章編號]1008-6455(2019)11-0100-03
Abstract: Objective ?To investigate the application of concentrated growth factor (CGF) combined with bone substitute in the preservation of extraction site in aesthetic area. Methods ?52 patients (52 teeth) who received dental extraction in our hospital from January 2016 to January 2018 were selected and divided into the experiment group and the control group according to the random number table method, 26 cases in each group. Two groups were treated with minimally invasive extraction, the control group was naturally healed after tooth extraction, the experiment group was treated with CGF site preservation and Bio-Oss bone substitute. The situation of healing, bone graft and preservation of the implants of the extraction site, and the height of the bone plate, the width of the alveolar bone before and after the operation between the 2 groups were compared. Results ?In the experiment group, the bone grafting area of the extraction site healed well, the attachment was sufficient, and the shape was full, the extraction site of the control group healed well, but the alveolar ridge showed different degrees of atrophy and the attachment sputum was relatively narrow. After 12 months of follow-up, the proportion of no bone graft surgery in the experiment group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). Compared with preoperative, the height of the temporal, labial bone plates and the height of the alveolar bone significantly decreased of the 2 groups 6 months after the operation, and the experiment group was significantly larger than the control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). After 12 months of follow-up, the height of the interdental papilla and the rim of the experiment group preserved well. Conclusion ?CGF combined with bone substitute in the preservation of extraction site at simultaneous extraction of teeth can reduce the proportion of bone incremental surgery, effectively preserve the width of the alveolar dome, improve the cosmetic effect after surgery, and have high safety.
骨代用品Bio-Oss是以去有機質的牛四肢骨為原料加工制成的與人骨非常相似的替代骨材料,親水性強、生物相容性高、可塑性好,可促進成骨細胞附著成骨,引導新骨形成,且不易引起宿主過敏反應、炎性反應及免疫反應等,在骨缺損重建中有較好的應用價值,但可在一定程度上引起骨愈合延遲[10-11]。張曉鵬等[12]指出,CGF與骨代用品聯(lián)合使用注入組織缺損處,可誘導骨組織生長,修補缺損,加速創(chuàng)口愈合。筆者將CGF剪成小塊和Bio-Oss骨粉充分混合,既有CGF的骨誘導作用又有骨替代材料的支架作用,維持了拔牙位點的三維空間機構,不但加速了骨組織的愈合,還明顯提高了愈合質量。本研究結果顯示,兩組患者拔牙位點均愈合良好,但實驗組患者拔牙位點附著齦充足,外形豐滿,而對照組患者牙槽嵴呈現(xiàn)不同程度的萎縮,附著齦相對較窄;隨訪12個月,實驗組種植修復體牙間乳頭及齦緣高度均獲得良好保存,且實驗組未行植骨手術比例明顯高于對照組。提示拔牙同期采用CGF聯(lián)合骨代用品行拔牙位點保存,可減少行骨增量和結締組織移植患者比例,節(jié)省患者植骨費用,縮短治療周期,為種植及術后美學效果創(chuàng)造有利條件。此外,由于CGF內含有大量白細胞,抗感染能力強。本研究實驗組亦無感染、壞死情況,提示其安全性高。研究顯示[13],為避免CGF膜過早吸收,造成骨粉流失,聯(lián)合骨代用品行拔牙位點保存可更好地維持牙槽骨在三維方向的骨量,刺激角化齦組織形成,為后期種植修復創(chuàng)造良好的條件。筆者將CGF壓制成膜并疊為兩層,覆蓋在已植入CGF和Bio-Oss混合物的拔牙位點表面,既保證了拔牙位點局部血供,又可維持膜齦聯(lián)合的位置結構。本研究為了進一步證實CGF聯(lián)合骨代用品在拔牙位點保存中的美學效果,特采用CBCT測量了拔牙位點骨板高度及牙槽骨高度變化,結果顯示,與術前比較,術后對照組腭側、唇側骨板高度及兩組牙槽骨高度均明顯減小,而實驗組明顯大于對照組。說明拔牙同期采用CGF聯(lián)合骨代用品行拔牙位點保存,對拔牙位點腭側、唇側骨板高度均無明顯影響,術后6個月牙槽嵴寬度雖有所減少,但變化量僅為(0.49±0.10)mm,遠遠小于對照組的(2.23±0.65)mm,進一步證實拔牙同期采用CGF聯(lián)合骨代用品行拔牙位點保存,可有效保存牙槽嵴頂寬度,提高術后美容效果。
綜上,拔牙同期采用CGF聯(lián)合骨代用品行拔牙位點保存,可減少行骨增量和結締組織移植患者比例,有效保存牙槽嵴頂寬度,提高術后美容效果,且安全性較高,但本研究樣本量較小、隨訪時間較短,其長期美容效果仍需進行大樣本的長期研究以證實。
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[收稿日期]2019-02-15
本文引用格式:朱梅,孫強,鄧佳蘊,等.CGF聯(lián)合骨代用品在美學區(qū)拔牙位點保存中的臨床應用[J].中國美容醫(yī)學,2019,28(11):100-103.