馬海容
摘 要:作者通過分析閱讀課文的學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)、設(shè)計(jì)目的及相應(yīng)的閱讀策略,有側(cè)重地將習(xí)題或課文內(nèi)容改編為思維導(dǎo)圖,并將其用于課文分析、復(fù)述及相應(yīng)的寫作環(huán)節(jié),逐步引導(dǎo)學(xué)生使用英語思維完成讀寫任務(wù)。
關(guān)鍵詞:思維導(dǎo)圖;閱讀教學(xué);應(yīng)用
課文原文如下:
Cambridge,London and England
I come from Cambridge,a beautiful city in the east of England.It is on the River Cam and has a population of about 120,000.My hometown is especially famous for its university.Many famous people studied here such as Issac Newton and Charles Darwin.There are lots of old buildings and churches to visit.Students and tourists enjoy trips along the river by boat.
Cambridge is 80 kilometers from London.London in the south of England and it is on the River Thames.It has a population of about seven and a half million,so it is bigger and busier than Cambridge.It is about 2000 years old,and it is famous for Big Ben,Buckingham Palace and Tower Bridge.
England itself is part of an island,so people are always near the sea.The small villages and beaches on the coast are always popular for holidays.Tourists like the areas of the low mountains and beautiful lakes in the north and the hills and the pretty villages in the south.Everywhere in England,you will notice how green the countryside is!
It is never very hot in summer or very cold in winter.So come and see England anytime of the year,but bring an umbrella with you.You will need it most days.
本課是閱讀課型,學(xué)生要完成讀和寫兩個部分的學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù),需要采用適當(dāng)?shù)拈喿x策略學(xué)習(xí)有關(guān)“劍橋”、“倫敦”和“英格蘭”三地的具體信息。如果說閱讀是輸入,那么讀后的寫就是輸出,讀是寫的鋪墊,寫是讀的結(jié)果,以讀促寫,讓學(xué)生真正學(xué)有所用,這也是編者的高明之處。為完成相應(yīng)的教學(xué)目標(biāo),編者也設(shè)計(jì)了層層深入的六個學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù),具體如下:
任務(wù)一:看英格蘭的地圖并且讀句子。目的:自然習(xí)得地名以及方位表達(dá)法,為下文引入劍橋和倫敦在英格蘭的具體方位做鋪墊,閱讀策略為邊讀邊看;
任務(wù)二:讀文章后看圖選標(biāo)題。目的:通過直觀的圖片引發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣,并快速抓住劍橋的重點(diǎn)——劍橋大學(xué)和康河,同時思考“塔橋和泰晤士河究竟是屬于劍橋呢還是屬于倫敦?”。學(xué)生們可以一邊猜一邊快速閱讀讀文章第一、二段,快速選擇標(biāo)題,從而驗(yàn)證假設(shè),原來塔橋和倫敦都是屬于倫敦的。而這兩個熱身練習(xí),也使學(xué)生們輕松地了解了劍橋和倫敦的方位及主要建筑物;
任務(wù)三:比較“劍橋”和“倫敦”的信息并填表,目的:通過四個小分類獲取兩地的具體信息,鞏固了前兩個任務(wù)中有關(guān)方位和主要建筑物的信息。學(xué)生可以細(xì)讀文章前兩段,提取信息完成表格,閱讀策略為細(xì)讀、提取、加工;
任務(wù)四:用方框中的單詞和短語完成短文。目的:對已知信息進(jìn)行整理和加工。這個任務(wù)雖然并沒有直說是關(guān)于“英格蘭”的短文,可是文章一開頭就是“England...”,下面又出現(xiàn)了很多“it”,很明顯,這段文字是圍繞“英格蘭”展開的,而通過任務(wù)二的快讀,學(xué)生們可以猜到:最后兩段一定是關(guān)于“英格蘭”的具體信息。所以教師可以問問學(xué)生從哪里獲得有關(guān)英格蘭的信息,再讓他們細(xì)讀文章和短文,通過分析和比對,判斷出空格所缺的意思,再找出對應(yīng)的單詞或短語進(jìn)行填空。
這四個任務(wù),環(huán)環(huán)相扣、對相關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié)信息進(jìn)行了重點(diǎn)提取和加工。尤其是第三個任務(wù),通過表格的形式分四個類別(位置、人口、著名景點(diǎn)、河流)在文章前兩段中,將劍橋和倫敦進(jìn)行了深度的對比。
Complete the table comparing Cambridge with London
為了讓學(xué)生們更好的把握這兩段的組織結(jié)構(gòu),教師將圖表改編成類似課本P20 Act.4 那樣的思維導(dǎo)圖,再加上關(guān)鍵詞,具體如下:
教師讓學(xué)生在10到15分鐘之內(nèi)背誦并復(fù)述兩段文字,從而為后續(xù)的寫作做鋪墊,結(jié)果有90%左右的學(xué)生因?yàn)檩斎氲轿?,很快就背會了這兩段文字。教師趁熱打鐵,將課本上的寫作題進(jìn)行了改編,分兩部分完成。第一部分:即寫作教學(xué)的任務(wù)一,按照劍橋和倫敦的對比腦圖,寫一段短文比較武川和呼市,分別從方位、山脈、人口及著名景點(diǎn)進(jìn)行對比,因?yàn)橛鞋F(xiàn)成的句型結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯做鋪墊,并且已經(jīng)到了出口成句的地步,所以大部分同學(xué)在5分鐘之內(nèi)就寫完了短文,詳見附錄二,這里只選取其中的一篇,具體如下:
Wuchuan and Huhhot
I come from Wuchuan,a beautiful town,on the east of Huhhot.It is to the north of Mountain Yin and has a population of about 170,000.My home town is especially famous for its special food,such as oat and potatoes.Many people from other places come here to buy them.
Wuchuan is about 45 kilometers from Huhhot.Huhhot is on the south of Wuchuan and it is to the south of Mountain Yin.It has a population of about 3.12 million,so it is bigger and busier than Wuchuan.It is about 500 years old,and it is famous for Dazhao Temple and Zhaojun Tomb.
寫作的第二部分,即寫作教學(xué)任務(wù)二,仿照課文后兩段對英格蘭的描述,要求學(xué)生們對內(nèi)蒙古的總體特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行描述。教師鼓勵學(xué)生自己繪制腦圖幫助背誦,同時也在黑板上給出了自己的版本,具體如下:
大部分學(xué)生仿寫后的段落如下:
Inner Mongolia itself is highland,so people are always near the mountain.The small villages and hills are always popular for holidays.Tourists like the areas of the low mountains and beautiful lakes.Everywhere in Inner Mongolia,you will notice how clean the air is and how high the sky is!
It is very cold in winter.So come and see it in summer,but bring some warm clothes with you because you will need them most days when you are in grassland.
結(jié)語
將思維導(dǎo)圖與閱讀策略和閱讀任務(wù)相結(jié)合,讓學(xué)生在閱讀中思考,在思考中閱讀,讀寫結(jié)合,應(yīng)該就是教師培養(yǎng)學(xué)生英語思維的新型探索吧!
參考文獻(xiàn)
[1]李軍華.2007.思維導(dǎo)圖在英語教學(xué)中的運(yùn)用[J].基 礎(chǔ)英語教育,(9).
[2][英]托尼·博贊.2015.1思維導(dǎo)圖[M].化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社.
特別聲明:(呼和浩特市教育科學(xué)“十三五”規(guī)劃課題SSWGHKT02166 “通過多模態(tài)混合式閱讀教學(xué)培養(yǎng)農(nóng)村初中生英語思維的策略研究”成果)