互學互鑒　打開世界一扇窗

向雯

阿根廷學生在2018年中國高等教育展上咨詢留學中國事宜

西北農(nóng)林科技大學的留學生在上漢語課

綠草如茵，湖波微漾，在寧靜的牛津市郊，一座古老的英式莊園靜靜地見證著這里百年的時光。這座名為?？怂箍地惖那f園毗鄰英倫名校牛津大學，如今，這里已被“北京大學匯豐商學院牛津校區(qū)”的名字所取代。

彼時，遠渡重洋赴英留學的北京大學首任校長嚴復(fù)不會想到，140多年后，北大將在這片他求學的土地上開啟嶄新的征程。英國《衛(wèi)報》評論稱，北大開設(shè)匯豐商學院牛津校區(qū)是“大膽的一步”，也是“中國高等教育發(fā)展的一個重要里程碑。”

與中國經(jīng)濟機構(gòu)對全球資源的整合相比，中國教育的國際化發(fā)展明顯滯后。如今，北京大學匯豐商學院牛津校區(qū)的建立，成為了中國大學在海外獨立建設(shè)、自主管理、實體辦學的“第一單”，這也被看作是中國高等教育“走出去”的一個標志。

購置校區(qū)，自主管理，獨立運行，招收國際學生……這一系列開創(chuàng)性的舉措無不彰顯出北大走向國際化的決心。北大匯豐商學院院長海聞表示，“教育的全球化，不僅僅是國外高校到中國辦學，中國高校也會出國辦學。北大匯豐商學院此次在牛津開辦分校，對于整個中國教育走出國門來說，也是一個積累經(jīng)驗的過程?！?/p>

眾所周知，英國是參與“一帶一路”建設(shè)國家中教育水平最高的國家之一，也是世界教育強國，在這兒建校區(qū)也就意味著與眾多世界名校有了更多交流互鑒的機會。

校園里，灰褐色的塔樓上高高懸掛起北京大學的?；?，登上塔樓，便可以看到如畫的風景和遠處的牛津大學，未來，不同國家的學子們將在這寧靜愜意的校園中開啟他們的學習之旅。

北大方面表示，匯豐商學院牛津校區(qū)的課程將重點關(guān)注“中國經(jīng)濟、金融市場與企業(yè)管理”，學院采用與中國本部接續(xù)培養(yǎng)的模式，給予學生充分了解中國的機會，在這里，學生們不僅可以學習到專業(yè)理論基礎(chǔ)知識，還可以近距離地觀察中國的改革發(fā)展實踐。

近年來，像北大一樣，許多中國學校紛紛嘗試“走出去”。如廈門大學馬來西亞分校、老撾蘇州大學等，據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計，截至2018年上半年，有20個省份的80所高校開展境外辦學，境外辦學機構(gòu)和項目近130個。

與“走出去”相比，引進外來優(yōu)質(zhì)教育資源，特別是加大從“一帶一路”參與國家中引進優(yōu)質(zhì)教育資源的力度是近年來中國教育對外開放的一個顯著特點。西交利物浦大學、上海紐約大學、寧波諾丁漢大學、北京航空航天大學中法工程師學院等學校都已成為“引進來”的精品項目。

據(jù)中國高等教育學會中外合作辦學研究分會理事長、廈門大學中外合作辦學研究中心主任林金輝介紹，截至2018年8月，國內(nèi)有約2340個中外合作辦學機構(gòu)或項目，包括高中在內(nèi)的中外合作辦學在讀生約60萬人，其中高校在讀約50萬人，已從各類中外合作辦學機構(gòu)或項目畢業(yè)約160萬人。

早在2016年7月，教育部就印發(fā)了《推進共建“一帶一路”教育行動》，提出聚力構(gòu)建“一帶一路”教育共同體，不斷推進沿線各國人民相知相親。隨著“一帶一路”倡議不斷深化，教育領(lǐng)域的合作已成為中外學子友誼的橋梁。

寫春聯(lián)，包餃子，勾年畫，描書法……一群來自世界各地的留學生1月23日在湖南長沙體驗著濃濃的中國年味。“新的一年，我的愿望是好好讀書，也希望多哥和中國的友誼更加濃厚?！痹谕瓿扇松械谝桓贝郝?lián)后，來自多哥共和國的阿穆蘇，愛科許下自己的新年愿望。

“春節(jié)”這個節(jié)日，對于愛科來說并不陌生，在中國，他已度過四次中國新年。2012年，愛科來到長沙理工大學攻讀土木專業(yè)，2017年畢業(yè)后回國工作，2018年他又考上了長沙理工大學的研究生?！霸俣葋淼街袊?，除了想學習更多專業(yè)知識之外，更讓我難以割舍的是6年來在中國結(jié)交的朋友和自己的中國情結(jié)?！睈劭普嬲\地說，中國發(fā)展得很好，隨著對中國的不斷了解，他對中國傳統(tǒng)文化的興趣越來越濃厚。

正在北京體育大學讀研究生的艾比來自挪威，她最大的愿望就是畢業(yè)后回到挪威推廣中國武術(shù)。她說：“在挪威現(xiàn)在沒有很多人練武術(shù)，我先在中國上研究生，學好后再回去推廣。

位于東南歐的內(nèi)陸國摩爾多瓦，對中國人來說也許不太熟悉。通過獨聯(lián)體國家互換獎學金項目，姚美玲來到這里留學。她說，希望通過留學讓更多的中國人了解摩爾多瓦，也讓摩爾多瓦民眾對中國有更多的了解……

近些年，越來越多的海外留學生把中國作為留學的首選項，也有越來越多的中國留學生走進了“一帶一路”沿線國家。據(jù)教育部數(shù)據(jù)顯示，2017年，赴中國的“一帶一路”沿線國家留學生為31.72萬人，占總?cè)藬?shù)的64.85%;中國赴“一帶一路”沿線國家的留學人數(shù)為6.61萬人，比上年增長15.7%。

對此，中國與全球化智庫副主任兼秘書長苗綠認為，一方面是中國的政策和機制性鼓勵。中國教育部及各級教育系統(tǒng)出臺了一系列指導(dǎo)性文件，推進與“一帶一路”相關(guān)國家的教育合作;另一方面是獎學金支持，此外還有接近中國語言和文化的機會。隨著中國經(jīng)濟的崛起和國際影響力的提升，全球掀起了一股“漢語熱”，許多國家和地區(qū)的人們渴望學習中國語言和文化，提升個人發(fā)展空間，拓展商業(yè)合作潛力。

不久前，中原石油工程公司沙特中國1號鉆井隊迎來第100批沙特籍大學生實習生團，這些來自沙特各石油專業(yè)院校的大學畢業(yè)生在中國井隊開始了職業(yè)生涯的第一站。作為沙特阿美公司大學生實習基地，該隊近10年來已為沙特當?shù)剌斔秃细胥@井人才1000余人。

“師傅，沒有你就沒有我今天的成就。”中原石油工程公司非洲項目部757鉆井隊平臺經(jīng)理左軍衛(wèi)意外地與當年的外籍同事——來自蘇丹的穆罕默德·達毋在井場重逢了。

當初達毋從蘇丹喀土穆大學石油工程專業(yè)畢業(yè)后，在左軍衛(wèi)所在井隊工作，由于缺乏實際經(jīng)驗，很多活兒干不了。左軍衛(wèi)手把手地教他現(xiàn)場操作技術(shù)，達毋僅用半年時間就成長為帶班隊長。如今他已成為蘇丹國內(nèi)一支鉆井隊的平臺經(jīng)理。

實踐是最好的老師，從第一線的工作崗位上，最能迅速地反映出企業(yè)需要的人才。隨著“一帶一路”建設(shè)如火如荼，專業(yè)技術(shù)人才需求日益增加，越來越多的高校也做出了新選擇，江蘇大學、中國地質(zhì)大學（武漢）、對外經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易大學等很多高校都結(jié)合自身優(yōu)勢，精準發(fā)力，通過成立“絲綢之路學院”、對口辦學、校企合作等方式，為“一帶一路”建設(shè)輸送國際化人才。

肯尼亞留學生卡里烏就是帶著“目的”來北京交通大學學習的。在卡里烏的家鄉(xiāng)修建的蒙內(nèi)鐵路，正是“一帶一路”倡議下，中肯兩國合作的旗艦項目。根據(jù)與承建方中國路橋公司的協(xié)議，北京交通大學負責為蒙內(nèi)鐵路培養(yǎng)本土化建設(shè)、運營與管理人才。這個名叫卡里烏的小伙子，就是從第二批報名的500多人中脫穎而出的35位佼佼者之一。

“肯尼亞跟中國的關(guān)系很好，所以中國一直幫助肯尼亞。畢業(yè)回國后，使用我們在中國獲得的知識，改善我們的交通狀況，對肯尼亞的發(fā)展有極大的好處?！笨ɡ餅跽f道。

北京交通大學國際教育交流中心處長劉彥青表示：“我們培養(yǎng)的學生，既了解中國的國情，又懂漢語，所以在兩國之間交流的時候，往往他們就會發(fā)揮作用。比如，蒙古學生阿圖爾畢業(yè)以后，中蒙之間交通運輸合作項目，他都會參與，2012年他成為了蒙古最年輕的鐵道司司長。未來我想隨著高鐵項目的落地，可能會有越來越多的學生選擇鐵路方面的專業(yè)?！?/p>

高層磋商、合作辦學、行業(yè)人才培養(yǎng)、建立高端智庫……通過這一項項創(chuàng)新的舉措，中國與“一帶一路”沿線各國一道，通過教育領(lǐng)域的合作交流，不斷培養(yǎng)出高素質(zhì)人才，推動了沿線國家經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展，也讓教育真正成為“一帶一路”倡議下最大的民心工程。

Century-old Foxcombe Hall，located in a suburbof Oxford， enjoys a carpet of green grassland anda picturesque lake. Neighboring the world-renownedUniversity of Oxford， the English manor is nowhome to the Oxford Campus of the Peking UniversityHSBC Business School （PHBS）.

Maybe it never crossed the mind of young YanFuwho studiedin the UK 140 years ago and thenbecame Peking University's first principal-thatPeking University could start a new journey in thenation where he studied. The Guardian describesthe establishment of the Oxford Campus of PHBSas“a bold step” and “an important milestone for thedevelopment of China's higher education”.

The internationalization of Chinese educationalinstitutions clearly lags behind， compared withChinese economic institutions， which have a proventrack record in integrating global resources. Currently，the Oxford Campus of PHBS has been established.It is not only the first achievement of a Chineseuniversity to establish， manage， and operate anoverseas campus on its own， but also a milestone ofChinese higher education “going global”.

Peking University has made a series of pioneeringmoves， including purchasing the campus site，ananging independent management and operation， andrecruiting students from all over the world. A11 thesedemonstrate the determination of Peking Universityto become an intemational seat of learning. Hai Wen，dean of PHBS， said， "The internationalization ofChinese education means both welconung overseasuniversities to establish branch campuses in China，and encouraging Chinese universities to set upoverseas campuses. The establishment of the OxfordCampus of PHBS will lay a comerstone for Chineseuniversities in that regard."

It is known that the UK carries the highest cachetin education， not only among the Belt and Roadcountries. but also all over the world. Therefore，establishing a campus in the UK will bring moreopportunities for mutual learning with world topuniversities.

When you step in the campus， a taupe tower witha breathtaking panorama of surrounding countrysidescenery and the University of Oxford at the distancewill strike the eye， where the crest of PekingUniversity takes pride of place. In the future， studentsfrom different countries and regions will study at thisquiet and scenic campus.

According to the Peking University，PHBS UKcampus will focus on "Chinese economy， financialmarket，and business administration" in curriculumplanning， and will adopt the training mode underwhich students will have opportunities to study inthe main campus in China so as to make them tofully learn about this country. In this way， PHBSUK campus can not only prepare the ground of professional theories and knowledge for students，butalso offer them close-up insights into China's practicesin reform and development.

There is no doubt that Peking University is justone of many Chinese universities “going global”over recent years. The Xiamen University MalaysiaCampus （XMU Malaysia） and Soochow University，Laos （SUL） are such examples. According torelevant statistics， by the end of the first half of 2018，80 Chinese higher education institutions from 20provinces have run overseas campuses with nearly130 educational institutions and programs.

Apart from “going global”， introducing qualityforeign educational resources from Belt and Roadcountries into China with greater effort is anotherhighlight of the openness of Chinese education inrecent years. Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University（XJTLU）， New York University Shanghai （NYUShanghai）， University of Nottingham Ningbo China（UNNC）， and Ecole Centrale de Pekin （ECPk） aresome of the successful examples of“brining in”.

According to Lin Jinhui， director of Branch forChinese-Foreign Cooperation in Running Schools，China Association of Higher Education （BCFCRS，CAHE）， and director of Center of Research onChinese-Foreign Cooperation in Running Schools，Xiamen University （CRCFCRS）， by August 2018，there has been around 2，340 educational institutionsor programs jointly run by Chinese and foreigneducational institutions in China， delivering educationto about 600，000 students now including high schoolstudents and about 500，000 college students andtraining l.6 million graduates in total by now.

In July 2016， the Ministry of Education of thePRC （MOE） issued the Education Action Plan forJointly Building the Belt and Road Initiative，in whichit proposed to jointly build a Belt and Road educationcommunity， so as to enhance people-to-people bondsamong Belt and Road countries. As the Belt and RoadInitiative keeps breaking new ground， educationalcooperation has helped build bridges between Chineseand foreign students.

On January 23， a group of foreign students fromall over the world were celebrating Spring Festivalin Changsha， Hunan， by writing couplets， makingdumplings， drawing New Year pictures， and makingChinese calligraphy， experiencing the Chinese NewYear festivity in the air. "My wish for the new yearis to study hard， and to witness a stronger friendshipbetween China and the Republic of Togo，" saidAmoussou Ekoe， an overseas student from theRepublic of Togo， afier finishing his first-ever couplets.

Ekoe is familiar with "Spring Festival"， ashe has celebrated the Chinese New Year in Chinafor four times. In 2012， he came to ChangshaUniversity of Science & Technology （CSUST） tostudy civil engineering， and went back to Togo in2017 after graduation. In 2018， he was admitted as apostgraduate student of CSUST. "The reason why Ichoose China again is partly because of my thirst formore knowledge in this field. But what matter to meeven more are the friends that I made in China andmy attachment to China over the past six years，" saidEkoe sincerely. He also added that China is gainingmomentum. The more he knows about China，themore he likes traditional Chinese culture.

Unlike Ekoe， postgraduate student Abby'sbiggest wish is to promote Chinese martial art in herhomeland Norway after she graduates from BeijingSport University （BSU）. "Because most Norwegianpeople know little about Chinese martial art， I hope Ican do my bit in promoting this traditional art in myhomeland. That is why I am doing a postgraduateprog/am in China，" She said.

Maybe Chinese people don't know much aboutthe Republic of Moldova， an inland country inSoutheast Europe， but Yao Meiling chose to study inthis distant nation through the scholarship exchangeprogram with Commonwealth of Independent States.Yao said，the reason why she chose to study in theRepublic of Moldova is that she hopes to help enhancemutual understanding between the two peoples.

Recent years have witnessed a growing numberof both foreign students who regard China as the firstchoice for overseas study and Chinese students whochoose to study in other Belt and Road countries.According to statistics from the MOE. in 2017，the number of students from other Belt and Roadcountries studying in China reached 317，200，accounting for 64.85% of Chinese total foreignstudents; the number of Chinese students studying inother Belt and Road countries recorded 66，100， up15.7% over the past year， a percentage higher than theoverall growth rate of Chinese overseas students.

Dr. Miao Lyu， vice president and secretarygeneral of Center for China and Globalization （CCG） held that， these trends can be attributed to two factors.First， China has offered a series of policies-relatedand institutional incentives. MOE and other Chineseeducation authorities at all levels have produced abatch of guiding documents to promote educationalcooperation with other Belt and Road countries.Second， China has offered scholarship and improvedaccess to learning about Chinese language andculture. With China's rise in both economic strengthand intemational influence， Mandarin is sweeping theworld. Many people from worldwide countries andregions want to expand individual development spaceand business cooperation potential through learningChinese language and culture.

Lately， the lOOth batch of Saudi Arabianpetroleum students from different colleges oruniversities in Saudi Arabia joined the No. I drillingcrew of Sinopec Zhongyuan Petroleum EngineeringCo.， Ltd. as the first stop of their internship. Asthe internship site for university students for SaudiArabian Oil Company， the No. I drilling crew haschanneled more than l，000 qualified drilling talents toSaudi Arabia over the past ten years.

"Mr. Zuo， without you， I wouldn't have gottenwhere I am now，" said Mollanmed Dau from Sudanwhen he encountered Zuo Junwei. his former mentorand now manager of drilling platform for No. 757drilling crew of African Projects Department ofSinopec Zhongyuan Peb01emn Engineering Co.， Ltd.at the well site.

Back then， Dau worked in Zuo's team， aftergraduating in petroleum engineering from theUniversity of Khartoum in Sudan. As a green hand，inexperienced Dau was not competent in many aspectsof work. However， thanks to Zuo's patient teaching ofonsite operation techniques， Dau became a team leaderwitlrin just half a year. Now， he is a manager of drillingplatform of a Sudanese drilling crew.

As the old saying goes， practice is the best teacher.Positions at the production line always can fastestshow what kind of talents are needed by enterprises.As the Belt and Road Initiative gains momentum，there is an increasmg need for teclrnician personnel，so more universities have made new moves. Withrespective strengths in nuncL Jiangsu University， ChinaUniversity of Geosciences. University of IntemationalBusiness and Economics and other universities havemade targeted efforts by establishing Silk RoadInstitute， running colleges based on the needs ofjobs， and launching cooperation between universitiesand enterprises， in a bid to produce intemationalizedtalents for the Belt and Road Initiative.

This is also the reason why the Kenyan studentCariou chose to study in the Beijing JiaotongUniversity. Cariou's hometown is along the Mombasa-Nairobi Railway， one of the flagship projects under theBelt and Road Initiative. According to the agreementbetween the project builder，China Road and BridgeCorporation （CRBC）， and Beijing Jiaotong University，Beijing Jiaotong University shall train talents forlocalized construction， operation and management forthe Mombasa-Nairobi Railway. Cariou is one of the35 students who stood out among the second batch of500 applicants.

"Kenya has been on good terms with China，and China is always willing to help Kenya. Aftergraduation， we will come back to Kenya， to improvethe transport condition of our motherland with theknowledge we have acquired in China. This willcertainly contribute greatly to the development ofKenya， " said Cariou.

Liu Yanqing， director of Center for IntemationalEducation and Exchange Center of Beijing JiaotongUniversity， said that “Our students not only knowthe conditions of China， but also speak Mandarin.Therefore. they will play their roles in China-Kenyaexchanges. For example， after graduation， Mongolianstudent Artur has participated in all China-Mongoliacooperation transportation projects. In 2012， hebecame the youngest section chief in the railwaysector of Mongolia. As more and more high speedtrain projects are launched in the future， I believemore students may choose the majors related to therailway sector.”

China has joined hands with other Belt and Roadcountries in many innovative moves， including high-level negotiation， jointly-run schools， talent trainingfor specific sectors， and establishing top-level thinktanks. These efforts have enhanced educationalcooperation and exchange among countries，continuously provided high-quality talents， andadvanced the economic and social development ofBelt and Road countries. In addition， China has alsomade education as the most significant project in thepublic interest， under the Belt and Road Initiative.