王逢鑫
“族”指具有共同特點(diǎn)的一類人或其中一員。
工薪族,指“掙工資養(yǎng)家糊口的人”。英語(yǔ)譯為wage-earner。例如:一個(gè)普通工薪族必須省吃儉用13年才能籌集這個(gè)城市一套小戶型公寓所需的首付金。An average wage earner has to save for 13 years just to raise the down payment for a small apartment in this city.
上班族,指“在機(jī)關(guān)、企事業(yè)單位和公司工作需按時(shí)上下班的人員”。英語(yǔ)譯為office worker。例如:每天早晨,許多上班族從郊區(qū)通勤來(lái)到位于市中心的辦公大樓上班。Every morning,many office workers commute from the suburbs to the office tower located in the center of the city.
通勤族,指“通過(guò)步行、騎車、自駕或乘坐公共交通工具遠(yuǎn)距離上下班往返的人”。英語(yǔ)譯為commuter。例如:作為一名每天長(zhǎng)距離往返于自己家和工作地點(diǎn)之間的通勤族,他每天早晨乘坐頭班火車進(jìn)城。As a commuter who travels a long distance every day between his home and his place of work, he rides to town on the first train every morning.
打工族,是我國(guó)改革開放以來(lái)產(chǎn)生的社會(huì)群體,其內(nèi)涵不斷改變。最初指“農(nóng)民工”(rural migrant worker),后來(lái)又指“干非熟練工種、臟活、累活的體力勞動(dòng)者”(manual worker),或指“干零活、雜活的人”(odd-jobber),也指“干非正式、不固定工作的臨時(shí)工”(casual worker、temporary worker),還指“干半時(shí)工作的人”(part-time worker)。現(xiàn)在更多指“被雇傭的人”(employed worker)。例如:當(dāng)1978年開始改革開放時(shí),他離開家鄉(xiāng)來(lái)到這個(gè)城市,在一家民營(yíng)企業(yè)成為打工族。When the Reform and Opening-up started in 1978, he left his home village and came to this city, becoming an employed worker in a private enterprise.
丁克族,指“要事業(yè),要婚姻,要愛情,但不要孩子的夫婦”。這個(gè)詞是英語(yǔ) DINK 的音譯。DINK是Double Income No Kids或Dual Income No Kids (雙收入,無(wú)子女)的首字母縮略詞。例如:這些中國(guó)丁克族家庭不后悔他們不要孩子而生活的決定。These Chinese DINK families don’t regret their decision to live without children.
悔丁族,指“大齡時(shí)想懷孕而備孕的丁克族”。英語(yǔ)譯為DINK exit clan。例如:悔丁族是退出早期的組建丁克族家庭的決定,而決意要孩子的那些人。DINK exit clan are those who opt out of their earlier decision for a DINK family and decide to start a family.
單身族,指“未婚人士或光棍兒”。英語(yǔ)譯為single person、singleton、unmarried person。例如:這位單身族說(shuō)他獨(dú)自生活,沒(méi)有配偶需取悅,也沒(méi)有子女需供吃供穿。The singleton says that he lives alone, with no spouse to entertain or children to feed and clothe.
月光族,指“每月賺的錢還沒(méi)到下個(gè)月初就全部花光的人”。英語(yǔ)譯為person who lives from paycheck to paycheck。例如:這個(gè)年輕的月光族在銀行沒(méi)有存款,偶爾需要從父母那里得到經(jīng)濟(jì)援助。The young man who lives from paycheck to paycheck has no savings in the bank and needs occasional financial help from his parents.
啃老族,指“不升學(xué),不就業(yè),終日無(wú)所事事的人”。NEET是“Not in Education, Employment or Training”(不升學(xué),不就業(yè),不接受培訓(xùn))的首字母縮略詞。例如:由于結(jié)婚的高花銷,一些年輕人已成為“啃老族”,而另外的人轉(zhuǎn)向“裸婚”。Due to the high cost of marriage, some young people have become NEETs, while others turn to “naked marriage”.
低頭族,指“無(wú)論何時(shí)何地都低頭看手機(jī)而冷落他人的人”。英語(yǔ)譯phubber。這個(gè)詞是由phone(手機(jī))和snub(冷落)合成的。例如:如果你玩手機(jī)而忽視朋友,你就是一個(gè)低頭族。If you ignore friends for phone, then you are a phubber.
賴班族,指“下班不走,一直賴在辦公室電腦前的人”。英語(yǔ)譯為 office dweller。例如:約翰是個(gè)真正的賴班族。他六點(diǎn)下班,但通常直到半夜才離開辦公室。John is really an office dweller. He is off at 6 pm, but usually doesn’t leave his office until midnight.