文化交流和社交禮儀的話題寫作

蔡新發(fā)

核心感知·素養(yǎng)解讀

“文化交流與社會(huì)禮儀”是高中英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中的重要話題之一，也是高考熱點(diǎn)話題之一。其內(nèi)容包括東西方文化交流、文化習(xí)俗、藝術(shù)等的傳播、東西方社會(huì)禮儀的差別等方面。通過對(duì)本話題的學(xué)習(xí)與高考英語的考查，了解東西方以及不同民族之間的文化交流，掌握一定的社會(huì)禮儀知識(shí)，為將來走向社會(huì)打下基礎(chǔ)。從體裁上看，考試形式主要有記敘文、議論文、應(yīng)用文，其中應(yīng)用文包括書信、日記、通知、演講稿等。

寫作過程中考生陳述的事實(shí)要客觀合理，符合語言的發(fā)展特征和發(fā)展規(guī)律?？忌惨⒁獗磉_(dá)自己對(duì)傳統(tǒng)文化、傳統(tǒng)思想價(jià)值體系的認(rèn)同與尊崇及展現(xiàn)自己對(duì)中華民族的文化自信。

素材積累·語庫構(gòu)建

常用詞匯

heritage n. 遺產(chǎn);繼承物

symbol n. 象征;標(biāo)志;符號(hào)

culture n. 文化;文明

history n. 歷史

language n. 語言

ancient adj. 古代的

anniversary n. 周年紀(jì)念日

belief n. 信仰;信念

ceremony n. 典禮;儀式;禮節(jié)

custom n. 習(xí)慣;習(xí)俗;風(fēng)俗

monument n. 紀(jì)念碑;紀(jì)念館

remind v. 提醒;使記起

temple n. 廟宇;寺廟

separate v. 使分開;使分離 adj. 單獨(dú)的;分開的fascinating adj. 魅力無窮的

cautious adj. 小心翼翼的;謹(jǐn)慎的

chief adj. 主要的;首要的

cooperation n. 合作

casual adj. 漫不經(jīng)心的;不經(jīng)意的

occasion n. 場(chǎng)合;機(jī)會(huì)

appearance n. 儀表;外表

gesture n. 姿態(tài);手勢(shì)

formal adj. 正式的

manner n. 方式;態(tài)度;舉止

rank n. 頭銜;軍銜

address n. 地址; vt. 發(fā)表演說

imagination n. 想象力

status n. 地位;身份

title n. 標(biāo)題;頭銜

conversation n. 談話;交談

behave v. 使守規(guī)矩;行為;表現(xiàn)

behaviour n. 行為;舉止

respond v. 回答;回應(yīng);做出反應(yīng)

embarrass v. 使窘迫;使尷尬

awkward adj. 令人尷尬的;使人難堪的

impolite adj. 不禮貌的

social adj. 社會(huì)的;社交的

punctual adj. 準(zhǔn)時(shí)的

opportunity n. 機(jī)會(huì)

常用短語

cultural exchange 文化交流

cultural background 文化背景

cultural shock 文化沖擊

multicultural society 多元文化社會(huì)

cultural diversity 文化多樣性

cultural relics 文化遺跡;文物

local culture 本土文化

mass culture 大眾文化

traditional culture 傳統(tǒng)文化

mainstream culture 主流文化

traditional values 傳統(tǒng)價(jià)值觀

spiritual civilization 精神文明

Peking Opera 京劇

local customs and practices 風(fēng)土人情

historical sites 歷史遺址

body language 肢體語言

facial expression 面部表情

eye contact 眼神交流

put up with 忍受

have a great effect on 對(duì)……有很大的影響

turn up 出現(xiàn);到達(dá);來到

make an appointment with sb 與某人約會(huì)

make an impression on 給……留下印象

turn down 拒絕

face to face 面對(duì)面

spread Chinese culture 傳播中國(guó)文化

follow a custom 遵循習(xí)俗

date back to/date from 追溯到

come into being 形成;產(chǎn)生;出現(xiàn)

attend a ceremony 出席儀式

put forward 提出 arouse one's enthusiasm for 激發(fā)對(duì)……的熱情

in memory of 為了紀(jì)念…… in honor of 為了紀(jì)念……;慶祝……

pass down from generation to generation 一代一代傳下去

contribute to the economic and cultural development 促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)文化的發(fā)展

have a better understanding of 對(duì)……有更好的理解

experience diverse Chinese culture 體驗(yàn)多元的中國(guó)文化

make a brief introduction to 對(duì)……做簡(jiǎn)單介紹remove prejudice and misunderstanding 消除偏見和誤解

常用句式

1.As an exchange student， having a good knowledge of traditional Chinese culture is beneficial to your living and studying here.作為交換生，了解中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)文化有助于你的學(xué)習(xí)和生活。

2.I am delighted to hear that you will come to our school as an exchange student next term. 得知你下學(xué)期作為交換生到我校學(xué)習(xí)我非常高興。

3.The contest was held in the school gym from March 20 to March 23， aiming to arouse our enthusiasm for the traditional Chinese culture.比賽從3月20日到23日在我校體育館舉行，目的是激發(fā)人們對(duì)中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化的熱情。

4.Knowing that you are interested in the Ancient Poetry Recitation Contest which was organized by our school， I am very pleased to tell you more details about it.得知你對(duì)我校舉辦的古詩詞朗誦大賽感興趣，我非常高興告訴你詳細(xì)情況。

5.There is no doubt that it will have a great effect on all the relevant countries and contribute to the economic and cultural development of the world.毫無疑問這將對(duì)所有相關(guān)國(guó)家產(chǎn)生很大影響，并促進(jìn)世界的經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化的發(fā)展。

6.I'm writing to invite you to the Traditional Chinese Culture Fair to be held by our school at the Art Center this Friday afternoon， from 2 pm to 5 pm.我寫信邀請(qǐng)你參加本周五下午2點(diǎn)到5點(diǎn)在我校藝術(shù)中心舉辦的中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化展。

7.Our school will hold an activity whose theme is “Foreigners Tell Chinese Stories” next week.下周，我們學(xué)校將舉辦一場(chǎng)主題為“外國(guó)人講中國(guó)故事”的活動(dòng)。

8.It is different kinds of foods and snacks that give you the chance to experience abundant Chinese food culture.各種各樣的食物和小吃讓你有機(jī)會(huì)體驗(yàn)中國(guó)豐富多樣的飲食文化。

9.I attach great importance to English study outside the classroom and I often turn to the website EnjoyReading for help， where I read a great number of articles about English and Western culture.我非常重視課堂以外的英語學(xué)習(xí)，經(jīng)常求助EnjoyReading網(wǎng)站，在這個(gè)網(wǎng)站上我閱讀了大量關(guān)于英語和西方文化的文章。

10.What strikes me most is that British middle schools attach great importance to students' ability of practice.最讓我印象深刻的是英國(guó)中學(xué)對(duì)學(xué)生的實(shí)踐能力非常重視。

經(jīng)典語段

1.Paper-cutting is a traditional art form in China， which has a history of more than 1，500 years. People often beautify their home with paper-cutting during festivals and weddings. In this exhibition， you can see paper-cutting with all kinds of patterns. In addition， there are famous artists who will perform how to cut paper on the spot. I wish that you could grasp this opportunity to learn traditional Chinese culture further.剪紙是中國(guó)的一種傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)形式，擁有1，500多年的歷史。在節(jié)日和婚慶時(shí)，人們經(jīng)常用剪紙來裝飾自己的家。在這次展覽中，你可以看到各種各樣的剪紙圖案。另外，一些著名剪紙藝術(shù)家將現(xiàn)場(chǎng)表演如何剪紙。我希望你能抓住這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)文化。

2.A Chinese Poetry Contest was successfully held in our school today. The contest， which aimed to encourage students to know more about traditional Chinese poetry culture， attracted almost all the students and teachers in the school. Twenty students from different classes competed with each other. Their performances， including reading poems aloud and reciting poems from memory， deeply impressed the audience present. It was obvious that all of them had made good preparations for the contest. Finally， the headmaster awarded prizes to the winners.今天，我校成功舉辦了中國(guó)詩詞大賽。大賽的目的是鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生深入了解中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)詩詞文化，這次比賽吸引了學(xué)校全體師生。二十個(gè)選手激烈角逐。他們朗讀和背誦詩詞等出色表現(xiàn)給現(xiàn)場(chǎng)觀眾留下了深刻的印象。很明顯選手們做了充足的準(zhǔn)備。最后，校長(zhǎng)為獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)哳C獎(jiǎng)。

典題鏈接·語篇速成

（2018·全國(guó)乙卷）假定你是李華，你的新西蘭朋友Terry將去中國(guó)朋友家做客，發(fā)郵件向你詢問有關(guān)習(xí)俗。請(qǐng)你回復(fù)郵件，內(nèi)容包括：

1.到達(dá)時(shí)間;

2.合適的禮物;

3.餐桌禮儀。

注意：

1.詞數(shù)100左右;

2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

內(nèi)容分析

本文是一封電子郵件，與英語書信的格式基本相同。根據(jù)寫作提示，考生應(yīng)用英語給新西蘭朋友Terry回復(fù)一封電子郵件，給他介紹到中國(guó)朋友家做客的社交禮儀和餐桌禮儀。寫作內(nèi)容主要包括三個(gè)方面：第一，告訴對(duì)方到達(dá)朋友家的時(shí)間;第二，建議他帶上合適的禮物;第三，簡(jiǎn)單介紹一下中國(guó)的餐桌禮儀。

這封郵件由三段組成：第一段陳述寫信的背景和寫信的目的;第二段陳述寫作提示中的三個(gè)要點(diǎn);最后一段為結(jié)束語。

實(shí)用短語與句式

invite sb to dinner 邀請(qǐng)某人吃飯

arrive on time 準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)

a bunch of flowers 一束花

experience Chinese culture 體驗(yàn)中國(guó)文化

I'm delighted to know that... 知道你……我非常高興。

【參考范文】

Dear Terry，

I am delighted to know you are invited to a dinner party by our Chinese friend. It is really a good opportunity to experience Chinese culture. Now I'd like to offer you some advice.

First of all， you'd better arrive on time because it is polite to be punctual in China. Second， it is a good idea to bring a small gift， such as a bunch of flowers or a box of chocolates if they have young children. Most importantly， the elderly are usually the first to taste the food served on the table because they are well respected in China. Don't forget to praise your friend for the delicious foods he offers.

I hope you will have a great time.

Yours，

Li Hua

主題實(shí)踐·語用檢測(cè)

假定你是李華，你的英國(guó)朋友Henry準(zhǔn)備在你家過春節(jié)，他想了解中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗——發(fā)壓歲錢。現(xiàn)請(qǐng)你給他寫一封電子郵件，內(nèi)容包括：

1.習(xí)俗介紹;

2.親身經(jīng)歷;

3.表達(dá)期待。

注意：

1.詞數(shù)100左右;

2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

寫作導(dǎo)引

Ⅰ.審題謀篇

1.體裁：本文為一篇? ?_______ ;

2.時(shí)態(tài)：本文時(shí)態(tài)以??_______ 和??_______ ? 為主;

3.人稱：本文人稱為? ?_______ 和? ?_______ 。

Ⅱ.素材提煉

1.體驗(yàn)春節(jié)? ??_________________

2.發(fā)壓歲錢? ?_________________

3.祝愿好運(yùn)氣?_________________

4.代表某人的喜愛? ?_________________

5.充分利用錢? ? ?_________________

6.期待;期盼? ? _________________

1.我非常高興聽到你將和我一起過春節(jié)的

消息。

I'm very glad to hear that you're going to

_________________

2.人們經(jīng)常在除夕之夜家人一起吃年夜飯時(shí)發(fā)壓歲錢。

People always give lucky money on the eve of the Lunar New Year? ? ? _________________ for a family reunion dinner.

3.年夜飯后，長(zhǎng)輩們給孩子發(fā)紅包，祝愿他們身體健康并好運(yùn)連連。

After the family reunion dinner， the elders will give lucky money to children，

_________________ ?.

4.盡管紅包里不是很多錢，但它代表對(duì)我的愛。

_________________， it represents their affection for me.

5.我保證自己用好這些錢并做一些有意義的事。

I promise I? ? _________________? ? and do something meaningful.

6.我期盼你的到來并希望你玩得開心。

I'm? ? ?_________________? ? ? ? and I hope you'll have a good time.

Ⅳ.牛刀小試

Ⅴ.語言升級(jí)

1.Giving money happens on the eve of the Lunar New Year， and at that time the whole family eats together.（用定語從句改寫）

Giving money usually falls on the eve of the Lunar New Year? ? _________________ ? ? ? ? for a family reunion dinner.

2.After that， the old people will give lucky money to their children， and wish them good luck and health.（用非謂語動(dòng)詞改寫）

After that， the elders will give lucky money to children，? ? ? ? ?_________________ ? ? ? ? ?.

Ⅵ.高階作文