放牛場村小學(xué)衛(wèi)生站，臨滄，中國

1 外景/Exterior view

在農(nóng)村地區(qū)，適當(dāng)?shù)男l(wèi)生設(shè)施配套是一個重要議題。慈善機(jī)構(gòu)及非政府組織提供一系列的重要教學(xué)活動來提高衛(wèi)生意識，通過設(shè)施的改善同輔助教育，讓兒童意識到衛(wèi)生的重要性，重塑他們的習(xí)慣，改變他們的生活方式。

畢馬威放牛場希望學(xué)校位于云南省西部山區(qū)。該校于2010年開放，由中國畢馬威前主席的捐款建成，為來自7個當(dāng)?shù)卮迩f的學(xué)生提供教育?，F(xiàn)有的學(xué)生廁所以簡單方式建成，及后加建的淋浴房由于設(shè)施狀況不佳，未被學(xué)生充分使用。

我們?yōu)樾Ｉ嶂匦略O(shè)計(jì)一所衛(wèi)生設(shè)施，讓淋浴間和廁所合并成一個建筑。設(shè)計(jì)利用煙囪形成空氣對流效應(yīng)，保持廁所天然通風(fēng)。南面的窗戶吸收大部分的日光，為晚間使用的浴室保持溫暖。我們選擇當(dāng)?shù)仄毡榈牟牧希夯掖u來自附近的村莊，小石墻面為混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)提供保護(hù)，馬賽克外墻磚則保持設(shè)施的清潔。這些材質(zhì)不但可長久保護(hù)建筑物，也確保村民可以簡單技術(shù)可持續(xù)地保養(yǎng)建筑?！?/p>

Hygiene Station is a design for primary school students to learn about and practice daily hygiene habits. Built in a remote village in Yunnan Province,the facilities replace a dilapidated toilet and shower annex for a school and dormitory; the school itself was built in 2006 as a Hope School funded by a Hong Kong foundation, providing education to 200 children from 7 surrounding villages. The children were reluctant to use the previous facilities due to the poor condition of the buildings. Commissioned by the Foundation, our challenge was to rebuild the facilities balancing low cost and durability for the rural context as well as encouraging the children to build up daily habits that can last throughout their lives.

The design provides a welcoming environment to attract students, with simple maintenance and sensitivity to the environment. The project develops the following strategies:

(1) Stacking two programmes into one building reduces the footprint and cost, and keeps the building away from the surrounding slopes.

(2) Simple stack-effect was achieved using solar chimneys passing through the upper shower block to allow natural ventilation to the toilets below.

(3) Reusing grey-water from the showers to flush toilets and reduce water demand.

(4) Open circulation encourages students to approach the facilities, with a hand-washing basin as a focal point.

(5) Materials express the honesty of the architecture; they are locally available and simple for the villagers to maintain.

(6) Tapered building form respects the site geometry and invites the students to approach.□

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

地點(diǎn)/Location: 云南省臨滄市永德縣班卡鄉(xiāng)放牛場村/Cattlefield Village, Banka Town, Yongde County, Lincang City, Yunnan Province, China

資助/Donor: 畢馬威基金會/KPMG Foundation

配對資助/Supporting Donor: 云南永德教育局/Yongde County Education Bureau

建筑師/Architects: 馬潔怡，馬克·肯士林（多磨建社）/Maggie Ma, Mark Kingsley (DOMAT Limited)

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)/Design Team: 崔佩容，陳學(xué)明，宋詩穎/Tanya Tsui, Adeline Chan, Juliette Song

項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理/Project Manager: 云南永德教育局/Yongde County Education Bureau

本地設(shè)計(jì)院/Local Design Institute: 昆明卓筑建筑設(shè)計(jì)有限公司/Kunming Zhuozhu Architecture Design Co., Ltd.

承建/Contractor: 云南永慶建筑工程有限公司/Yunnan Yong Xin Construction Company Limited

材料/Materials: 灰磚（來自當(dāng)?shù)卮迩f），紅磚（來自當(dāng)?shù)卮迩f），水磨石飾面（來自當(dāng)?shù)卮迩f），馬賽克瓷磚（來自永德縣），廁所設(shè)備和五金（來自班卡鄉(xiāng)），沒有使用專利產(chǎn)品/Grey bricks (from local village), Red bricks (from local village), Terrazzo finishes (from local village), Mosaic tiles(from Yongde County), Toilet fitments and Ironmongery (from Banka Town), No proprietary product used.

建筑面積/Floor Area: 170m2

場地面積/Site Area: 308m2

造價(jià)/Cost: 60.6萬人民幣（包括建筑、場地平整、場地景觀、2個垃圾收集站、室內(nèi)家具及太陽能熱水器系統(tǒng)）/606,000 CNY (including building, site formation, site landscape, 2 rubbish collection points, interior furniture and solar water heating system)

竣工時(shí)間/Completion Time: 2017.04

2 分解軸測/Exploded axonometric drawing

3 外立面/Fa?ade

4 模型/Model

5 總平面/Site plan

6 二層平面/First floor plan

7 首層平面/Ground floor plan

8 環(huán)境分析/Environmental diagram

9 剖面1-1/Section 1-1

10 剖面2-2/Section 2-2

11 二層內(nèi)景/Interior view of first floor

12 淋浴房/Shower rooms

13 首層內(nèi)景/Interior view of ground floor

14 入口臺階/Staircase of entrance

15.16 細(xì)部/Details

評論

王輝：設(shè)計(jì)從解決實(shí)際需求出發(fā)，整合了與日常生活緊密相關(guān)的廁所與淋浴功能，同時(shí)在場所與空間營造中采用了相對實(shí)用的應(yīng)對策略，通過地方性材料的應(yīng)用形成了與當(dāng)?shù)匚拿}之間的聯(lián)系。設(shè)計(jì)者在以問題為導(dǎo)向的基礎(chǔ)上試圖解決與提升鄉(xiāng)村小學(xué)整體衛(wèi)生空間的問題，為校舍提供了一個樸素且具有一定質(zhì)感的建筑空間，同時(shí)也為鄉(xiāng)村生活品質(zhì)的提升貢獻(xiàn)了積極的力量。

Comments

WANG Hui: Aiming at addressing user's practical needs, the design integrates the functions of toilet and shower that are closely related to daily life, and applies comparatively more practical strategies in site and space creation. In addition, with the application of local materials, the connection between the design and the local cultural context is formed. Being problem oriented, the designer tries to address the problems generally existing in the hygiene space of countryside primary schools and to promote its quality. The designer provides a plain architectural space with certain sense of quality, and at the same time, contributes to promoting the quality of rural life. (Translated by QIAN Fang)

盧健松：放牛場村小學(xué)的衛(wèi)生站以一種質(zhì)樸的狀態(tài)回應(yīng)了小學(xué)生們的使用需求；很好地組織利用自然通風(fēng)，為學(xué)生們提供了潔凈的使用環(huán)境；立面材料的選擇，也順應(yīng)了學(xué)生們在使用中的行為模式。面磚的色彩選用，以一種克制的方法賦予了建筑現(xiàn)代性，使其有別于周邊的普通民房。室外的嵌入式長凳，二樓盥洗室內(nèi)壁龕之間的座椅，用一種溫柔的方式傳遞了設(shè)計(jì)師對鄉(xiāng)村孩童的關(guān)愛。設(shè)計(jì)師利用屋頂天光、彩色的壁龕、多變的室內(nèi)空間吸引學(xué)生使用盥洗設(shè)施，改善衛(wèi)生習(xí)慣，將建筑學(xué)策略作為一種社區(qū)改良的方法。

LU Jiansong: In a simple way, the Hygiene Station for Cattlefield Village School meets the needs of primary school students. The building makes good use of natural ventilation; provides a clean environment for students. The fa?ade materials conform to the behavior pattern of students. The colourful tiles make the building modernity in a restrained way, and making it distinctive from the surrounding ordinary houses. The benches embedded in the wall show the designer's love for the country's children in a gentle way. Designers attract students to use washing facilities, improve their hygiene habits by rooftop skylights, coloured niches, and varied indoor spaces, and make architectural strategies by means of community improvement.

17 室外休息空間/Outdoor sitting area