廁屋，伊吹島，日本

1 鳥瞰/Aerial view

2 俯瞰/Overlook view

3 總平面/Site plan

這座公共廁所建于瀨戶內(nèi)海中的離島——伊吹島。它是2013年瀨戶內(nèi)海藝術(shù)三年展的作品之一。市政府要求以創(chuàng)新性吸引游客，使它成為一個旅游點(diǎn)，并讓島嶼重?zé)ㄉ鷻C(jī)。

邊緣/中心

在伊吹島上的當(dāng)?shù)貍鹘y(tǒng)住宅里，廁所基本上都建在一個遠(yuǎn)離主屋的小棚子里。在伊吹島上，廁所是一個被人們厭惡的邊緣空間，并被排斥在主屋之外。

主屋與小棚子之間的關(guān)系就像日本本島與離島、或是大城市與偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)那樣。如今，伊吹島只能經(jīng)由四國島觀音寺市的小客輪到達(dá)，而這座離島成了日本的邊緣。

但是，假如回到江戶時代，伊吹島就是一個可以乘客輪直達(dá)首都京都的地方，并能迅速引入上流時尚。作為那個時代的遺產(chǎn)，古時的京都方言到今天只有日本這座島嶼保留了下來。當(dāng)初，它是瀨戶內(nèi)海上自成一體的小中心。

“廁屋”旨在將邊緣空間融入中心，以賦予這個被認(rèn)為是日本邊緣的小島活力。當(dāng)被排斥在主屋之外的廁所聚合在一起，相互連接形成一座房子，它就會擁有作為核心的力量。

時空的本地化

11道光縫從建筑上穿過。時間賦予了伊吹島特有的時光變幻，并體現(xiàn)出與這個小島世界的關(guān)系。

其中5道光縫是按3個傳統(tǒng)慶典日以及夏至和冬至日早上9:00的太陽朝向確定的。每年一次，當(dāng)陽光在早上9:00照入屋中時，當(dāng)?shù)厝司蜁罁Q季的來臨。它們體現(xiàn)出的是這座島嶼的時間坐標(biāo)。

另外6道光縫指示出從小島到六大洲主要城市的方向（東京、倫敦、內(nèi)羅畢、紐約、圣保羅、悉尼）。它們體現(xiàn)出小島同世界的聯(lián)系，以及它的空間坐標(biāo)。這6道縫的軸線交匯處是指示伊吹島位置的坐標(biāo)點(diǎn)，因此，同世界的關(guān)系本身也是地方性。在當(dāng)?shù)厝丝磥?，這座被認(rèn)為處在邊緣的島嶼是世界的中心，而且每個都是中心。

這些坐標(biāo)體系表達(dá)出伊吹島的地方性。

對景觀的思考

建筑的細(xì)節(jié)和完成度是對小島景觀的體現(xiàn)。它們向游客表達(dá)出小島的地方性，并使本地人重新認(rèn)同這座小島。

屋頂?shù)钠露扰c外表的顏色與當(dāng)?shù)刈≌喾隆?座建筑之間的小巷仿佛島上迷宮般的街巷，而小巷墻上的主題是當(dāng)?shù)亟ㄖ瓿擅娴暮谏┧裳?，并以表面覆蓋的PC板營造出微妙的變化。

一個隔間天花上的開口可以讓自然光和雨水穿過，它就像當(dāng)?shù)厥占晁木?。雨水支撐著島上的生活，直到30年前建成了公共供水系統(tǒng)。在建筑的凹處，這座水的建筑通過開口與島上水的記憶聯(lián)系在一起?！酰ㄉ袝x 譯）

4 內(nèi)徑/View of alley

5.6 內(nèi)景/Interior views

A public toilet of an isolated island, Ibukijima Island of Setouchi Inner Sea. It was one of artworks in Art Setouchi Triennale 2013 and the municipality asked for the novelty to call visitors as a tourist attraction and revitalise the island.

Periphery/Centre

In a traditional local house in Ibukijima Island,a toilet is mostly established in a small cottage separated from the main house. In Ibukijima Island,a toilet is a peripheral space that is repelled and excluded from the main house.

The relation between the main house and the separated cottage resembles the relation between the main land and an isolated island or between a big city and a remote district. Now, Ibukijima Island is only connected with a small liner from Kanonji city of the main land, and the small isolated island serves as periphery in Japan.

However, if it goes back, in Edo period,Ibukijima Island was a place where a liner connected directly with capital and the upper fashion came immediately, and, as a vestige of that period, the capital dialect of the old time remains now in only this island in Japan. Once, it was the independent small centre of Setouchi Inner Sea.

"House of Toilet" intends to change a peripheral space into the centre to give intensity to the island regarded as periphery in Japan. When toilets repelled from the main house gather, nestle up to one and form a house, it comes to have the power as a core.

Localisation on time and space

Eleven slits of light pass through the building.Time peculiar to Ibukijima Island and the relation with the world centring on Ibukijima Island was overlaid.

Five slits of light are established according to the solar orientation at 9:00 a.m on the day when three traditional ceremonies are held and the day of the summer solstice and the winter solstice.When the ray of sunlight passes in the house at 9:00 a.m once per year, the locals know the visit of the season. Those show the coordinates of the island on time.

Six slits of light indicate the direction from the island to the major cities of 6 continents (Tokyo,London, Nairobi, New York, San Paulo, Sydney).Those show a connection of the island and the world and the coordinates of the island on space.The place where the axis of these 6 slits crosses is the coordinates point that indicates the position of Ibukijima Island, so, the relation with the world is also the locality itself. The locals understand that the island regarded as a periphery is the centre of the world and each one is the centre.

This coordinates mechanism localises Ibukijima Island.

Reflection of landscape

The detail and finish reflect the landscape of the island. Those suggest the island's locality to visitors and makes re-conscious of the island's identity to locals.

The roof's inclination and the exterior colour resemble a local house. The alley between 3 buildings reflects that of the island like a maze and the motif of the alley's wall is a black burnt cedar board as a local finish, producing a delicate difference by a polycarbonate sheet covering the surface.

The opening on a booth's ceiling which natural light and rain pass reflects a local well that had collected rainwater that supported the island for a living until a public water system was completed 30 years ago. At the recesses of the architecture, this watering architecture connects with the island's memory on water through the opening.□

7 概念示意/Diagram of concept

8 光線變化/Change of light

項目信息/Credits and Data

建筑類型/Type: 公共廁所/Public toilet

客戶/Client: 觀音寺市/Kanonji-city

主持建筑師/Principal Architect: 石井大五/Daigo Ishii

結(jié)構(gòu)工程師/Structural Engineers: Takumi Design Office

機(jī)械工程師/Mechanical Engineers: Akeno Mechanical Design Laboratory

承建公司/Construction Company: Ii Koumuten Construction Company

結(jié)構(gòu)/Structure: 木/Wood

外完成面材料/Exterior Finish Materials: 纖維增強(qiáng)塑料防水（屋頂），纖維增強(qiáng)塑料防水（外墻面），0.7mm厚透明聚碳酸酯波紋板+涂有防水木漆的結(jié)構(gòu)膠合板（內(nèi)徑墻面）/Fiber reinforced plastic waterproofing (roof), fiber reinforced plastic waterproofing(exterior wall), transparent polycarbonate corrugated sheet, t=0.7mm+ structural plywood painted with wood paint with water resistance(wall of alley)

內(nèi)完成面材料/Interior Finish Materials: 泥刀砌筑鋼筋混凝土+白色碎石（地板），涂有防水木漆的結(jié)構(gòu)膠合板+硅酸鈣板涂NAD丙烯酸樹脂涂料（墻面），涂有防水木漆的結(jié)構(gòu)膠合板+硅酸鈣板涂NAD丙烯酸樹脂涂料（天花板）/Reinforced concrete finished with trowel + white gravel (floor), structural plywood painted with wood paint with water resistance + calsium silicate plate painted with NAD acrylic resin coating (wall), structural plywood painted with wood paint with water resistance + calsium silicate plate painted with NAD acrylic resin coating (ceiling)

占地面積/Site Area: 50.91m2

建筑面積/Floor Area: 50.91m2

竣工時間/Completion Time: 2013.07

攝影/Photos: Future-scape Architects

9.10 內(nèi)景/Interior views

評論

唐勇：此衛(wèi)生間從設(shè)計思路上更偏重于形式與概念的表達(dá)，以切割性的光縫做為形式操作的起點(diǎn)，在寓意上刻意聯(lián)系所在小島街巷與雨水記憶，似乎想要訴說的語言較雜，有些脫離廁所空間的實質(zhì)，過多的精力用于處理外在幾何形式。

Comments

TANG Yong: The House of Toilet building emphasises on design and abstract concept. The solids and gaps of the building can be seen as a metaphor of the island's streets and rainfalls. The architecture seems to be detached from its practical use as a restroom, instead, underlining all its energy through external geometry in which complex architectural languages were applied. (Translated by Jue Chen)

鐘惠城：作為一個文化事件中的展品，似乎無法拋開展品的表達(dá)性。假如，我們可以拋開展品所表達(dá)的思想，以及設(shè)計中的各種隱喻和文化表象，那這個小房子與廁所功能有著什么樣的互動關(guān)系呢？我想也許是這組迷宮般的小房間群吧，這組與室外保持著曖昧關(guān)系的房間，組成了一個居家式的房子，試想，一個家里的每一個房間，如果都是一個廁間，是不是會很有趣？

ZHONG Huicheng: As an exhibit of a cultural event, it is hard not to mention what the exhibit express. If there is a chance to ignore all the hidden metaphor and cultural expression of the exhibit, what is the interactive relationship between the small house and toilet? For me probably it is the maze-like rooms, which was organised as a house for family. Just imagine, within a small house, each room is a toilet block, how fun is that?