弧墻小屋，小豆島，日本

1 夜景/Exterior view at night

建筑師在小豆島上設(shè)計了一個公共廁所，作為他首次參加瀨戶內(nèi)海藝術(shù)節(jié)作品的一部分。場地位于“醬油之鄉(xiāng)”，日本前現(xiàn)代醬油加工廠最集中保留的地方。這些廠房被登記為物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)，那里仍在用老式工藝制作醬油。它的典型場景是被傳統(tǒng)倉房包圍，地上擺滿雪松大木桶。

建筑師決定讓廁所與這種環(huán)境相適應(yīng)，并以傳統(tǒng)倉房屋頂下垂簾那樣輕柔的曲面來分隔空間，使它成為步行路線的起點。

因現(xiàn)場條件限制，施工必須在約兩個月內(nèi)完成。建筑師采用多種手段來縮短工期，包括用鋼板來建造曲面，并在工廠制板的同時進行現(xiàn)場基礎(chǔ)施工。

建筑師參照周圍的房屋用了瓦頂。事實上，屋頂是用熏灰瓦和玻璃瓦拼合而成的，因為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的做法讓它們可以相得益彰。建筑師用FRP板作為外罩，使空間光亮明媚，仿佛陽光射過樹枝一般。

熏灰瓦和玻璃瓦在白天不能從外面輕易辨別，而會被認(rèn)為與街區(qū)錯落的老屋瓦相同。但夜幕降臨，室內(nèi)透出光線時，二者的區(qū)別便一目了然。在沿柔和的曲面行走時，室內(nèi)空間將給人指引方向的感受。

建筑師認(rèn)為創(chuàng)造出了在視覺上比實際更寬闊的空間，既給人安全感又令人放松?！酰ㄉ袝x 譯）

2 熏灰瓦和玻璃瓦拼合成的馬賽克屋頂/Roof with smoked tiles and glass tiles in mosaic pattern

I made a public toilet at Shodoshima Island as a part of the project of Setouchi Art Festival in which I came to participate from this time. The site is in the area called "Hishio-no-sato (Native place of sauce)" where pre-modern architecture of soy sauce making warehouse remains most collective in Japan. These warehouses are authorised as registered tangible cultural property, where soy sauce has been made still in the old-fashioned formula. Framing a traditional cabin and large cedar barrels on the floor are the characteristic scenes.

I decided to make the toilet adapted to such surroundings as the starting point of a walk by partitioning the space with curved surfaces as softly as a cloth under a traditional cabin roof.

Due to circumstances on the site the construction had to be completed in about two months. I tried to shorten the construction period by making the curved surfaces with steel plate and by, while making them at factory, proceeding with the foundation work at site at the same time.

I adopted tile roofing following nearby houses.Actually I roofed with smoked tiles and glass tiles in mosaic pattern as these are compatible with each other thanks to the standardisation, and I used FRP plates for the sheathing to make the place bright as if sunlight penetrates through branches of trees.

The smoked tiles and glass tiles cannot easily be distinguished, during the day, from outside and may be mistaken for the same as the unevenness of the aged roof tiles of the neighbourhood. But the difference appears clearly when night falls and light begins to leak from inside. The internal space will give feeling of being guided on while walking along the softly curved surface.

I think I may have realised such a place as looks more spacious than actually is and as being secured while being relieved.□

3 內(nèi)景/Interior view

4 平面/Plan

5 外立面/Fa?ade

項目信息/Credits and Data

建筑類型/Type: 公共廁所/Public toilet

主持建筑師/Principal Architect: 島田陽/Yo Shimada

設(shè)計團隊/Design Team: 渡部剛士/Takeo Watanabe

結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計/Structural Design: 滿田衛(wèi)資，柳室純（滿田衛(wèi)資構(gòu)造規(guī)劃研究所）/Eisuke Mitsuda, Jun Yanagimuro(Eisuke Mitsuda Structural Design)

植栽/Planting: 古鍛治達也（植物事務(wù)所COCA-Z）/Tatsuya Kokaji (COCA-Z)

施工/Construction: 植松工務(wù)店/Uematsu Koumuten

主體結(jié)構(gòu)/Main Structure: 混凝土墊基上木構(gòu)造/Timber on concrete mat foundation

規(guī)模/Scale: 地上1層/One-storey

場地面積/Site Area: 217.88m2

基底面積/Building Area: 37.42m2（建筑密度17.18%，要求≤70%/17.18% of max 70% of coverage ratio permission）

總建筑面積/Total Floor Area: 37.42m2（容積率17.18%，要求≤200%/17.18% of max 200% of floor area ratio permission）

評論

鐘惠城：屋頂與墻是完全脫開的，使得廁所內(nèi)外同時與大氣相接觸，為如廁者帶來了多感官的新鮮體驗。視覺——配合著玻璃瓦磚，猶如在樹下如廁的光影體驗被傳遞出來；聽覺——聲音更為流動的傳播給予了空間使用者別樣的警覺感；嗅覺——是否會讓人聯(lián)想起這座本是醬油廠的“醬油”味道？噓，不能再說了。玩笑而已。但我喜歡這樣的處理，頻頻讓我回憶起自己童年在戶外“如廁”的體驗，甚至聯(lián)想起原始人的一些行為，頗有歷史感。

Comments

ZHONG Huicheng: The detachment of roof and wall makes the interior and exterior space connected with air, which brings a fresh and multi-sense experience. Vision - together with the glass tile, the open air creates an "under-the-tree" experience. Hearing - sound transmission in the air reminds toilet user to be cautious about their behavior. Olfactory -would this bring people a smell of "soy source"? Hush! Cannot go further, just kidding, but I like this open-air treatment, which makes me think of how I go to outdoor toilet when I was a child, even how primitive behaves. There is a sense of history.

鐘喬：日本是一個典型的具有雙重矛盾性格特點的民族，美國人類學(xué)家魯思·本尼迪克對日本人性格的描述是二元性混合。他們既生性好斗又溫和謙讓；既窮兵黷武又崇尚美感；既桀驁自大又彬彬有禮；既保守又敢于接受新的生活方式；既馴服又不愿受人擺布；既忠貞又心存叛逆。這個公共衛(wèi)生間的設(shè)計再次把這種矛盾性體現(xiàn)得淋漓盡致。建筑屋頂?shù)脑O(shè)計從靈感來源的歷史追溯到木屋架的受力特征及節(jié)點構(gòu)造的細(xì)節(jié)處理都極端理性和體現(xiàn)全方位的工程美學(xué)。而屋架下面的功能系統(tǒng)卻是極致的感性和輕松的狀態(tài)，白色無限延展的墻面，沒有節(jié)點，沒有邊界，甚至不需要任何理由。

ZHONG Qiao: Japanese are a typical people with dual contradictory characters, which was described by American anthropologist Ruth Benedict as a mixture of duality. They are both combative and meek by nature, aggressive in military and aesthetic, proud and courteous,conservative and open to new ways of life, tamed and unwilling to be pushed, loyal and rebellious.This kind of contradictoriness is drastically reflected in the design of this public toilet. From the history of inspiration to the stress characteristics of the wooden frame as well as the details of the joint structure, the design of the building's roof is extremely rational and suggests the all-round engineering aesthetics, while the functional system below the frame is extremely emotional and relaxed. The white wall is unlimitedly extended, without nodes, boundaries, or even any reasons.(Translated by PANG Lingbo)

6.7 內(nèi)景/Interior views