為每個人尋求體面的如廁體驗

克里斯蒂安·帕格/Christian Pagh

龐凌波 譯/Translated by PANG Lingbo

似乎在節(jié)慶日或城市活動中，女性的如廁需求永遠被排在最后一位解決，排隊已經(jīng)成為了一種慣例。從2010年起，Ugent.Agency一直致力于為城市提供解決小便問題的新措施，以便城市能夠更智能地滿足派對、音樂會和公共活動中的如廁需求。

我們的目標其實說來簡單：女性要如何像男性一樣簡單地在活動中如廁呢？這其中有諸多挑戰(zhàn)——實用性、文化性和作為基礎設施是主要的3個方面。實用性的問題在于：小便器應該安排在哪里，以及尿液排到何處去？如廁時要將外套、背包、飲料和其他東西放在哪里？重中之重是與性別區(qū)分、安全性和私密性相關的更具體的文化性問題。在這樣看似具體的設計挑戰(zhàn)之中，Urgent.Agency發(fā)現(xiàn)一種基于規(guī)范、習慣和社交預期的復雜性。

我們最初的設計是在北歐最盛大的音樂節(jié)羅斯基勒音樂節(jié)上開發(fā)和測試的。該項目的目的是試驗這個為女孩提供的簡易的露天小便解決方案。小便器模型名為“Pollee”，它的形式簡易、可以移動，使如廁快速和方便。Pollee專為節(jié)日、音樂會和戶外派對設計，是一款為女性設計的開放式、非接觸式的公共便器。我們收到了女性使用者們熱烈的反饋，總體來說就是：“我們用了，我們愛它！”

專注于理解需求

Urgent.Agency為了改進設計收集使用者的反饋意見，投入大量時間與女性交流，另外還舉行研討會，試圖理解在如廁中有哪些問題至關重要。事實上，使用便器的女性各不相同，一些人對私密性的需求超過其他人，一些則對社交性的需求更強，等等。

設計者的關注點在于尋找私密與公共之間的平衡。Pollee的一個重要特征在于它是開放的、社交的，這使它比一般節(jié)慶活動中令人惡心的公廁要更簡單和便捷。Pollee的另一特別之處在于，它既采用了半蹲式、又有抓握處，讓使用者在如廁過程中可以保持平衡，獲得支撐。

Urgent.Agency為羅斯基勒音樂節(jié)設計了幾種不同的便器原型，來測試不同程度的私密性和設計。第二年，我們又開發(fā)了一個更新的版本，結(jié)果大獲好評。同時也開始為男性設計一些簡易的街頭P型小便器（Street Pee），從最開始的可移動型（塑料制）到后來的固定型（不銹鋼制）。這兩種模型都可以接入下水道管網(wǎng)，利用現(xiàn)有的基礎設施使解決方案簡單而成本低廉。這些模型最初用于節(jié)慶活動，不過也已經(jīng)永久性地安裝，使有社交障礙的人們能夠更容易地在公共場所小便。哥本哈根的街頭仍然可以

1 街頭如廁需求/Pee-needs in street

It seems women's need for peeing has always been last on the list to solve on festivals or at urban events - and queuing forever has been the order of the day. Since 2010 Urgent.Agency has been engaged in designing new peeing solutions for urban environments enabling cities to handle pee-needs at parties, concerts and public events in smarter ways.

The ambition was in all simplicity: how can women get to pee just as easy and nice as men at events? There is a wide variety of challenges -practical, cultural, infrastructural. The practical questions are: Where is the urinal standing - and where is the pee going? Where do you put your coat/bag/drink/whatever while peeing? On top there is a list of more specific cultural issues related to sex,safety and privacy. In this seemingly specific design challenge, Urgent.Agency discovers a complexity of norms, habits and social expectations.

The first designs were developed and tested at Roskilde Festival - the biggest festival in Scandinavia. The project was all about testing their idea: a simple, open-air pee solution for girls. The model was called Pollee - a simple and portable form that makes peeing quicker and easier.Pollee is an open air, no-touch pissoir for women,specifically designed for festivals, concerts and outdoor parties.

The women's response was overwhelming, the overall message was: "We use it and we love it! "

Investing in understanding the needs

Urgent.Agency received ideas for improvement,invested time in talking to women, and held additional workshops trying to understand what matters in the peeing situation. The fact is that urinal-using women are different. Some need more privacy than others, some are more social etc.

A focal point for the designers was finding the balance between private and public. An important feature of Pollee is that it is open and social -making it simpler and faster than the disgusting standard festival toilets. Another thing that made Pollee special is the combination of a semi-squat position and something to hold on to, giving the user balance and support while peeing.看到Street Pee，以及一些哥本哈根城市公廁的模型——一種功能齊全、專供那些長時間待在街上的人，包括吸毒者、酗酒者和無家可歸者使用的廁所。

2.3 Pollee最初是為羅斯基勒音樂節(jié)開發(fā)的，不過如今已為融入城市環(huán)境進行了再設計。/Pollee was originally developed for Roskilde Festival, but has now been redesigned for the urban environment.

但為什么人們對城市衛(wèi)生這樣一個看似不起眼的領域如此感興趣呢？

一座城市、一場節(jié)慶活動或一間酒吧對人們?nèi)鐜@一基本需求的處理方式，相當明顯地體現(xiàn)了他們對人的關懷。

基于前饋補償?shù)娜嵝灾绷髋潆娤到y(tǒng)下垂控制方法//趙學深,彭克,張新慧,徐丙垠,陳羽,李菡昊//(15):94

雖然我們從用戶端獲得了成功，但將女性便器的原型變成大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品仍然是一個挑戰(zhàn)。市場相當保守，對此幾乎沒有投資。Urgent.Agency仍在尋找將其中一些設計轉(zhuǎn)化為大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)模型的方法。

城市如廁解決方案

在Urgent.Agency，我們致力于完成公共空間的城市衛(wèi)生設施的挑戰(zhàn)，從產(chǎn)品和規(guī)劃兩個層面，對如廁文化進行再思，使人們能夠?qū)Ｗ⒂谏钪懈匾氖虑?。我們?chuàng)建了一個名為PeeBetter的平臺來展示我們?yōu)樘幚砉踩鐜鷨栴}提供的設計原型、策略和概念。在我們的解決方案中，有Pollee，一款女性專用的露天、非接觸式便器；有簡易的P型小便器，一款男性專用的街頭便器，可以直接接入下水道；以及哥本哈根城市公廁——一種專為哥本哈根市設計的、新型的、契合城市環(huán)境的廁所。

Pollee：女性專用街頭便器

Pollee是一款女性專用的露天、非接觸式便器，特別為節(jié)慶活動、音樂會和戶外派對設計（圖2、3）。一個Pollee能夠供4位女性同時使用，而且是半蹲式的，無需接觸——不過側(cè)壁上仍有扶手用來保持平衡。

Street Pee：男性專用街頭便器

簡易街頭P 型小便器是一個新穎的方案，專為城市節(jié)慶活動男士們的釋放而設計（圖4、5）。它僅提供簡單的遮蔽，并直接將尿液引流進入遍布整個城市的下水道管網(wǎng)中。

哥本哈根城市公廁：專為城市環(huán)境設計的公廁

哥本哈根城市公廁是一款與城市環(huán)境特別契合的廁所（圖6、7）。由于使用者很可能包括吸毒者與無家可歸者，該設施對于耐久性與安全性有著特殊的需求。便器安裝在后部。設計簡化了施工過程，提高了安全性能，并降低了維護成本，使其比現(xiàn)有的公共廁所便宜得多。哥本哈根城市公廁可作為一個單元進行運輸和組裝，所以可以循環(huán)利用，第一個模型于2013年秋在哥本哈根組裝完成?！?/p>

4 Street Pee（塑料制）/Street Pee (in plastic)

5 Street Pee（不銹鋼制）/Street Pee (in stainless steel)

6.7設計靈感來自經(jīng)典哥本哈根城市美學與當代和功能美學的結(jié)合/The design is inspired by classic Copenhagen urban aesthetics combined with contemporary and functional aesthetics

But why this interest in a seemingly lowprestige area like urban sanitation?

The way a city, a festival or a bar handles the fundamental human need of going to the toilet is a pretty tangible manifestation of how much they care about people.

Though a success from the user side, turning the prototypes of the female urinals into a massproduced product is still a challenge. The market is conservative and there is little investment in it.Urgent.Agency are still pursuing ways to turn some of these designs into mass production models.

Urban pee solutions

At Urgent.Agency we work with urban sanitation challenges in public spaces - both on product and planning level - rethinking the culture of peeing so that people can focus on the more important things in life. We created the PeeBetter platform presenting prototypes, design solutions and ideas on how to address public peeing. Among our solutions are Simple P, a street urinal for men that can be attached directly into the sewer,Pollee, an open air, no-touch urinal for women,Copenhagen Urban Toilet - a new toilet for the City of Copenhagen specially fit for the urban context.

Pollee – the street urinal for women

Pollee is an open air, no-touch pissoir for women, specifically designed for festivals, concerts and outdoor events (Fig. 2, 3). One Pollee can accommodate four women at once, and is used in a semi-squat stance that requires no touching -although handles on the sidewalls are there to keep balance.

Street Pee – the street urinal for men

Simple P is an innovative solution, designed to relieve gentlemen at urban festivals (Fig. 4, 5). It ffiers simple coverage, and leads the urine directly into one of the many sewer grates that are already distributed throughout the city.

CPH Urban Toilet - a toilet designed for the urban context

CPH Urban Toilet is a toilet specially fit for the urban context (Fig. 6, 7). Since users will include drug users and the homeless, there are special requirements regarding robustness and security.A urinal is integrated at the back. The design simplifies construction, enhances safety and reduces maintenance costs, making it significantly cheaper than existing public toilets. CPH Urban Toilet can be moved and set up as one unit, which opens up for seasonal use. The first model was set up in Copenhagen in the autumn of 2013. □