沙里夫哈住宅，德黑蘭，伊朗

建筑設計：下一個建筑工作室

1 動態(tài)立面/Dynamic fa?ades

沙里夫哈住宅設計理念的核心是不確定性和靈活性。室內(nèi)空間的氛圍和品質(zhì)加之頗為形式化的外觀，是對建筑體旋轉(zhuǎn)空間的直接回應，可開啟/閉合的旋轉(zhuǎn)體使其獲得或內(nèi)向或外向的特征。這些變化會隨季節(jié)更迭或平面功能場景的變化而發(fā)生。

與許多其他城市地塊一樣，該項目用地的面寬明顯短于進深。因此，在將二維立面向三維立面轉(zhuǎn)換的過程中，我們的專業(yè)知識變得不可或缺。可開啟/閉合的體塊參考了伊朗的傳統(tǒng)住宅，使其能夠為居民提供季節(jié)性的動態(tài)居住模式——冬季客廳澤曼斯坦和夏季客廳塔巴斯坦。夏季，沙里夫哈住宅提供了一個開敞、通透、多排風孔且?guī)в袑挻舐杜_的空間。與之相對，在德黑蘭寒冷多雪的冬天，該體塊可自行閉合，在完全不需要夏季露臺的情況下提供最小的開口。該項目挑戰(zhàn)了類型學中內(nèi)向與外向的概念，使居住建筑令人興奮的空間轉(zhuǎn)換成為可能。

住宅共7層，兩層地下室分別用于家庭聚會和健身，首層是停車場及客房。公共活動都集中在二三層，四五層則是房主起居的私密空間。

項目由固定結構空間、中庭空隙、固定空間和移動空間4部分組成。當旋轉(zhuǎn)體閉合時，住宅經(jīng)由中庭空隙獲得采光，同時也將兩個固定空間連接起來。

該住宅能適應居住者不同的功能需求。例如，位于三層的客房可根據(jù)不同使用目的重新配置。位于二層旋轉(zhuǎn)體內(nèi)的辦公空間和四層旋轉(zhuǎn)體內(nèi)的餐廳，均可根據(jù)使用者的意愿改變其形式。換句話說，總有不同的場景可以滿足季節(jié)或光線條件的變化，其中一些功能已涵蓋在BMS程序中。

設計之初，我們注意到室外有3棵松樹可以很好地融入室內(nèi)空間?，F(xiàn)在，當住宅處于“開啟模式”時，窗與樹形成了令人愉悅的框景。退紅線約3m后，我們得以為置于地下的玻璃水景提供充足的日光。健身區(qū)位于水景和地下泳池之間，經(jīng)過反射的粼粼水影充滿了整個空間。

將工業(yè)技術應用在旋轉(zhuǎn)裝置上其實很簡單。類似的形式也被用來調(diào)節(jié)舞臺場景，并應用在伊朗車展、鋼構企業(yè)及船舶行業(yè)的地面調(diào)控當中。欄桿細部及通風控制，是研發(fā)旋轉(zhuǎn)體時需要考慮的主要問題。設計折疊式的欄桿并細化箱體邊緣，成為切實可行的解決方案。

鑒于該建筑的特性，必然有其定制的結構系統(tǒng)。在對結構進行數(shù)字建模后，我們進行了一系列SAP2000分析，來檢查所提議系統(tǒng)的靜態(tài)及動態(tài)性能。可移動的部分組件是該結構的顯著特征，這也是德國結構制造商首先要考慮的事情。全部荷載都傳導在客廳的梁上。

由于旋轉(zhuǎn)體的構造各不相同，其載重是根據(jù)系統(tǒng)最大荷載值計算的。此外，為防止結構形變，在結構設計/計算過程中也對旋轉(zhuǎn)體可能發(fā)生的振動進行了管控。

該住宅被命名為沙里夫哈，是為致敬傳統(tǒng)的伊朗府邸。（天妮 譯）

2 動態(tài)立面/Dynamic fa?ades

Uncertainty and flexibility lie at the heart of the design concept in Sharifi-ha House. The sensational,spatial qualities of the interiors, as well as the formal configuration of its exterior, directly respond to the displacement of turning boxes that lead the building volume to become open or closed, obtaining introverted or extroverted character. These changes may occur according to changing seasons or functional scenarios of floor plans.

Like many other urban plots, the land for this project had a noticeably narrow fa?ade-width compared with its length. Consequently, our expertise in transforming a two-dimensional fa?ade to a threedimensional one became indispensable. Here, the openness /closure of the building volume is a reference to traditional Iranian houses, which would dynamically serve as seasonal modes of habitation by offering both a Zemestan-Neshin (winter living room) and Taabestan-Neshin (summer living room) to their residents. In summertime, Sharifi-ha House offers an open/transparent/perforated volume with wide,large terraces. In contrast, during Tehran's cold, snowy winters the volume closes itself, offering minimal openings in total absence of those wide summer terraces. In this project, the challenges to the concepts of open/closed typology (introverted/extroverted character) led to an exciting spatial transformation of an ever-changing residential building.

The House is distributed over seven floors: the two basement floors are allocated to family conviviality,fitness facilities, and wellness areas, while the ground floor hosts parking and housekeeping rooms. Public activities all happen on the first and second floors, and the family's private life takes place on the third and fourth floors.

The project consists of four major parts; the fixed volume of the structure, the void, and the fixed volume and the mobile volume, respectively. When the turning boxes are closed, the building captures sunlight throughout the space of the central void, which also connects the two fixed volumes by suspended bridges.

3 動態(tài)立面/Dynamic fa?ade

4 分析圖/Diagram

The house adapts to the functional needs of its residents. For instance, depending on whether there is a guest or not, the guest room (located on the second floor) can be reconfigured for different purposes. Similarly, home office and breakfast room(turning rooms on the first and third floors) can change the formality of their appearance according to their residents' desire. In other words, there is always the possibility of having different seasonal or lighting scenarios, some of which have been already considered in the BMS program of the project.

5 外景/Exterior views

6 外景/Exterior views

From the initial design steps, we noticed that three pine trees outside could be incorporated into the spaces of the interior. Now, in the open mode of the house, the trees are pleasantly captured by the window frames. Stepping back for about three metres from the permitted construction boundary line allowed us to provide splendid daylight for the basement floors by inserting a glass fountain. The fitness and wellness areas are accommodated between this fountain and the basement pool where reflective installations reverberate the water's radiance all over the space.

The applied manufacturing technique for the turning mechanism was in fact a simple one; the same method which is currently employed in turning theatrical scenes, turning the floor of car exhibitions,steel companies and the shipping industry in Iran.Details of the handrails and air-penetration controlling methods were major issues considered in developing the design of the turning boxes. Designing foldable handrails and refining the edges of the boxes happened to be our feasible solutions.

7 首層平面/Ground floor plan

8 二層平面/First floor plan

9 分析圖/Diagrams

10 分析圖/Diagrams

11 四層平面/Third floor plan

12 五層平面/Fourth floor plan

13 內(nèi)景/Interior view

Considering the specialties of this kind of architecture, the structural system was inevitably a customised one. After digitally modeling the structure,a series of SAP2000 analysis were undertaken to examine static/dynamic performance of the proposed system. Being partially moveable is the dominant feature of this structural assembly, which was contemplated throughout the fabrication process by the German manufacturer company. The main loads all rest on the beams of the living rooms.

項目信息/Credits and Data

客戶/Client: Mojgan Zare Nayeri, Farshad Sharifi Nikabadi設計團隊/Design Team: Alireza Taghaboni, Rouholah Rasouli, Farideh AghaMohammadi, Shahnaz Goharbakhsh,Mojtaba Moradi, Negar Rahnamazadeh, Asal Karami,

Due to the various configurations the turning boxes may take, the loading calculation has been estimated based on the largest possible loading value applied to the system. Additionally, in order to prevent structural deformation, controlling the probable vibrations in the turning boxes was taken into account during the design/calculations of the structure.

The house was titled Sharifi-ha House, in honor of traditional Iranian mansions.

Majid Jahangiri, Masoud Saghi, Hossein Naghavi, Fatemeh Tabatabaeian, Iman Jalilvand

細部設計助理/Detailing Design Associates: Hamid Mohammadi, Amir Taleshi

監(jiān)督/Supervision: Alireza Taghaboni, Shahnaz Goharbakhsh建造/Construction: Imen Sazeh Fadak Co.

景觀設計顧問/Landscape Consultant: Babak Sadri, Omid Abbass Fardi

結構設計/Structural Design: S. Fallahi

機械顧問/Mechanical Consultant: Hoofar Esmaeili

電氣顧問/Electrical Consultant: Mohammad Torkamani

旋轉(zhuǎn)系統(tǒng)/Revolving Rooms System: Bumat Company

繪圖/Drawings: Nextoffice

攝影/Photos: Parham Taghioff (fig. 1,3,5,6,13,17), Salar Motahari (fig. 2), Majid Jahangiri (fig. 14,16)

14 內(nèi)景/Interior view

評論

張宇峰：顯然，最大的興奮點在于想象空間而非實際存在。房間的多角度旋轉(zhuǎn)會瞬間改變空間與陽光的關系，如配以追蹤太陽式的控制，似能靈活、全面地掌控每時每刻的陽光需求。這不禁讓人聯(lián)想到中國的一個古老智慧：在傳統(tǒng)民居和院落中，人們擇地而棲，因時因地尋找著適應氣候的舒適角落，現(xiàn)代科技賦予了這一智慧重生的更多可能。還有多變空間、全生命周期居住等現(xiàn)代城市衍生的真實需要，似乎都能在其中找到可實現(xiàn)的技術和設計路徑。

來自技術專家的點評

馮雅：不確定性和靈活性住宅設計理念是現(xiàn)代人的追求，該建筑在室內(nèi)空間形態(tài)變化和建筑立面變化上獨具創(chuàng)新，使其能夠為人提供季節(jié)性的動態(tài)居住模式不同的環(huán)境要求。建筑空間形態(tài)變化創(chuàng)造出夏季開敞、通透、良好通風且?guī)в袑挻舐杜_的空間；相應在寒冷多雪的冬天，形成自行閉合緊湊的溫暖空間，使居住建筑令人興奮的空間轉(zhuǎn)換成為可能。但建筑遮陽利用了傳統(tǒng)的固定結構空間、中庭空隙、固定空間和移動空間相互遮擋組成，相對遮陽系統(tǒng)簡單、固定，無創(chuàng)新性。

16 外景/Exterior view

17 水景/Waterscape

Comment

ZHANG Yufeng:Apparently, the sharpest focus of excitation lies in the imagination space rather than the reality. The multi-angular rotation of room can instantly change the space and sun relation, and the every-time sunshine requirements are expected to be flexibly and completely met by adding suntracking control. It spontaneously calls to mind of a Chinese ancient wisdom: in the traditional houses and courtyards, people from time to time chose a place to be living, which is always climatic adaptive and comfortable. The modern science and technology gives the old wisdom more possibilities of rebirth. The feasible technology and design approaches seems emerge as well, to meet the real requirements from the modern cities like variable space and lifecycle residence.

From technical expert

FENG Ya:Uncertainty and flexibility are two characters people pursuit in the vision of modern residence design,and this building is especially creative in terms of indoor spatial changes and building fa?ade changes, enabling itself to provide people with different environmental conditions for dynamic living modes over seasons. In summer time,the change of spatial forms creates a broad terrace space that is open, transparent, well ventilated. Correspondingly,in the cold and snowy winter, a self-enclosed compact and warm space is formed. Then there is possible to be an exciting spatial conversion in the residential building.However, the building's shading system is formed in a conventional way by the fixed structure space, the atrium void, the fixed space and the movable space blocking each other. It is relatively simple and invariant, without much innovation. (Translated by CHEN Xi)