埃森蒂森克虜伯樓，埃森，德國(guó)

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：JSWD建筑事務(wù)所和查克斯&莫雷爾事務(wù)所

1 夜景/Night view

校園內(nèi)的所有建筑的立面都是按照“外殼與內(nèi)核”的原則進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)的，表現(xiàn)為兩種立面類型：“外殼”界定了建筑體量朝向外部和開放空間的立面，而“內(nèi)核”則是內(nèi)院與中庭空間。這些設(shè)計(jì)旨在強(qiáng)調(diào)建筑之間的聚合感及同質(zhì)性，強(qiáng)調(diào)超越建筑體量，可共享且形式化的建筑語言。

“外殼”由穿插在柱、梁或基本建筑結(jié)構(gòu)中的通體合金玻璃幕墻組成，幕墻具有熱效應(yīng)。合金外殼以不同間距安置在立面之外作為遮陽系統(tǒng)，這些系統(tǒng)因不同建筑而各異。為呈現(xiàn)統(tǒng)一的建筑風(fēng)格，所有建筑外部都包覆著“不銹鋼”，且以垂直結(jié)構(gòu)為主。因此樓層水平方向的線條得以融入背景，且使每個(gè)建筑的整體高度看起來均勻一致。這些層次豐富的立面使校園建筑看起來好似抽象的金屬體塊。首層局部嵌裝玻璃的單體和通體嵌裝玻璃的單體使校園各建筑之間有了更深層的呼應(yīng)。

上文提到的合金“外殼”具有深淺各異的肌理，與校園建筑的色彩、平滑的“內(nèi)核”形成對(duì)比。雖然外立面各不相同，但“內(nèi)核”的設(shè)計(jì)卻相對(duì)統(tǒng)一。相似的色彩和不透明內(nèi)核的表皮設(shè)計(jì)統(tǒng)一了整個(gè)校園，加強(qiáng)了建筑間的聯(lián)系?！皟?nèi)核”通體都覆蓋了合金板，這些有著線圈涂層的面板是專為蒂森克虜伯校區(qū)開發(fā)生產(chǎn)的。其表面反射了不同時(shí)間、不同光線條件下的日光，塑造出細(xì)微的顏色差別，與校園周圍綠化區(qū)域的自然之色形成對(duì)話。

以上述設(shè)計(jì)原則為基礎(chǔ)，我們?yōu)榈偕颂敳畼牵≦1大樓）立面的絕大部分開發(fā)了一種創(chuàng)新且高效的遮陽系統(tǒng)。除了建筑中部的全景窗口，這個(gè)遮陽系統(tǒng)成為Q1大樓的主要特征。

遮陽系統(tǒng)由約3150根垂直桿件組成，桿件設(shè)有不銹鋼雙向軸，約40萬個(gè)水平不銹鋼百葉纏繞其上，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)看去，好似合金羽毛。這些可旋轉(zhuǎn)和相互交織的元素呈現(xiàn)了一個(gè)最優(yōu)系統(tǒng)，它結(jié)合了水平百葉（允許光線進(jìn)入）和垂直可旋轉(zhuǎn)百葉（視野不受限制）的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。1280多個(gè)由直線電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)、中央控制的獨(dú)立元件可以完成以下基本操作：

（1）緊閉（平行于隔熱玻璃層）

（2）隨太陽位置而調(diào)節(jié)（可變，垂直于太陽入射角）

（3）開啟（水平百葉纏繞在雙向軸上，垂直于隔熱玻璃層）

這些獨(dú)立元件有梯形、三角形和矩形3種，賦予立面一種能調(diào)節(jié)全天候陽光反射的結(jié)構(gòu)，創(chuàng)造出一種近乎于人工調(diào)控的外觀。遮陽系統(tǒng)也是關(guān)乎建筑能源的一部分，該系統(tǒng)可以防止過熱。當(dāng)其緊閉，會(huì)將自然光引入室內(nèi)?？尚D(zhuǎn)的百葉設(shè)計(jì)保證了從窗戶到開放空間的視野不受阻礙。從可持續(xù)性和能源效率的角度看，該系統(tǒng)將現(xiàn)代辦公領(lǐng)域的技術(shù)功能需求，在設(shè)計(jì)良好的建筑當(dāng)中呈現(xiàn)出來。（天妮 譯）

2 動(dòng)態(tài)立面/Dynamic fa?ade

All of the building fa?ades on the campus have been designed according to the "Shell and Core"principle, which is expressed in two fa?ade types:while the "shell" defines the fa?ades of the building volumes towards the exterior and the open spaces,the "core" is oriented towards the interior courtyards and atriums. The objective of these design leitmotifs is to underline cohesion between the buildings and thus the architectural homogeneity of this campus beyond the shared formal language of its building volumes.

The "shell" type consists of a thermally effective floor-to-ceiling metal-glass fa?ade in post,beam, or elemental building structure. A metallic shell has been placed in front of these at various distances to bear sun-shading systems, which differ from building to building. The material "stainless steel" defines the outer appearances of all of the building envelopes, to express a uniform corporate architecture. All of the fa?ades are characterised by a dominantly vertical structure, so that the horizontal lines of the story levels fade into the background,making the fa?ades look homogenous in appearance over the whole height of each building; these multilayered fa?ade surfaces thus make the campus buildings look like abstract metal volumes. The individual buildings' partly recessed glazed ground floor fa?ades and the glazed floor-to-ceiling building joints represent a further connecting element within the campus architecture.

The above-mentioned metallic-rough "shells",the reliefs of which differ in depth, stand in contrast to the coloured, smooth "core fa?ades" of the campus buildings. While the exterior-oriented fa?ades vary, the "core" fa?ades are designed identically.The homogenous colour and surface design of the opaque "core fa?ades" unifies the whole campus appearance, reinforcing the relationships between its buildings. The "core fa?ades" have been clad from floor to ceiling in sheet metal panels painted using coil coating, and developed and produced especially for the Thyssenkrupp Campus. Their surfaces reflect daylight depending on the time of day and the light entering, creating nuances of colour that stand in dialogue with the natural colours of the green areas around the campus.

An innovative, highly efficient sun shading system was developed for large parts of the Q1 fa?ade based on the design principles described above. Apart

3 元件隨太陽位置而調(diào)節(jié)/Following the position of the sun

4 細(xì)部/Details

5 細(xì)部/Details

6 細(xì)部/Details

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

客戶/Client: Thyssenkrupp AG

建筑面積/Ground Floor Area: 28,500m2

遮陽幕墻/Sunshade Fa?ade: Frener + Reifer

繪圖/Drawings and Diagrams: JSWD Architects and Chaix &Morel et Associés (fig. 3-6,8,10,11)

攝影/Photos: Christian Richters (fig. 1,2,12), Günter Wett and Frener + Reifer (fig. 7), JSWD Architects and Chaix &Morel et Associés (fig. 9)from the panorama window, this sun shading system defines the character of the Q1 building.

Its sun shading elements, which look like metal feathers from afar, consist of approximately 3150 routered vertical stalks; stainless steel double axes,onto which approximately 400,000 horizontal stainless steel louvers have been screwed. These rotatable and intertwineable elements represent an optimised system that combines the advantages of horizontal louvers (allowing light to enter) with those of vertical rotatable louvers (unrestricted views). The over 1280 lineal motor-driven, centrallycontrolled individual elements can perform the following basic operations:

(1) Closed (parallel to the thermal glazed envelope)

(2) Following the position of the sun (variable,perpendicular to the angle of entry of the sun)

(3) Open (the horizontal louvers intertwine over a double-axis, perpendicular to the thermal glazed envelope)

Their differentiation into trapezoidal,triangular, and rectangular individual elements gives the fa?ade a structure on which the changing play of reflecting sunlight throughout the day creates an almost artificial-looking orchestration of the architecture. The sun shading system is also part of the building's energy concept. It protects from overheating and when it is closed, it directs natural light into the interior spaces. Views from the windows to the open spaces are still guaranteed due to the rotational function of the system. This system has made it possible to transfer the technical and functional necessities of a modern office working world, from a sustainability and energy efficiency point of view, into well-designed architecture.

7 動(dòng)態(tài)立面/Dynamic fa?ade

8 細(xì)部/Details

9 細(xì)部/Details

10 獨(dú)立元件可以完成上述基本操作/The individual elements can perform the above basic operations

11 分析圖/Diagram

評(píng)論

燕達(dá)：建筑師將對(duì)建筑內(nèi)環(huán)境的控制巧妙地融合進(jìn)建筑外觀設(shè)計(jì)里?？紤]到校園建筑統(tǒng)一的建筑風(fēng)格，建筑師以合金“外殼”和玻璃幕墻“內(nèi)核”為基本元素，但肌理的組合又各自相異。合金外殼一方面通過不同的獨(dú)立元件和交織方式創(chuàng)造了更多外觀設(shè)計(jì)的可能性，另一方面也提供了可根據(jù)室外氣象條件主動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)的遮陽系統(tǒng)。水平百葉和垂直旋轉(zhuǎn)百葉交織，既考慮了全天太陽高度角的變化特點(diǎn)，同時(shí)也可以滿足室內(nèi)人員的日照和視野需求。

張宇峰：“殼與核”的原則賦予了表皮更大的發(fā)揮空間。多性能的平衡與優(yōu)化一直是遮陽設(shè)計(jì)的巨大挑戰(zhàn)。水平與垂直結(jié)合、材料光熱選型，以及多變的形體變化，都在促進(jìn)熱、光和視野的相互協(xié)調(diào)。與太陽對(duì)話是遮陽設(shè)計(jì)的核心。通過單元形體的切換和太陽方位的追蹤控制，有效應(yīng)對(duì)了不同朝向與時(shí)間顯現(xiàn)的矛盾和需求。與常見呆板單調(diào)和“侵占性”的遮陽設(shè)計(jì)相比，3種獨(dú)立元件的搭配組合讓表皮煥發(fā)生機(jī)，而“殼與核”的有序進(jìn)退積極回應(yīng)著內(nèi)部使用空間的功能。雖然在冬季日照調(diào)控、技術(shù)復(fù)雜度、運(yùn)維成本等方面留有改進(jìn)空間，這仍不失為讓遮陽設(shè)計(jì)努力做到協(xié)調(diào)、完美的優(yōu)秀范例。

12 內(nèi)景/Interior view

Comments

YAN Da:The architects subtly integrate the control of the building's interior environment into the design of its exterior appearance. Considering the unified architectural style of the campus buildings, the architects take the alloy"shell" and the glass curtain wall "core surface" as the basic elements, but using different combinations of textures. On the one hand, the alloy shell creates more possibilities of the fa?ade design by using various independent components and the way they are interlaced, and on the other hand, it provides a shading system that can spontaneously adjust itself according to outdoor weather conditions.The horizontal louvers and the vertical rotating louvers are interwoven together.This not only refers to the changing solar altitude angle throughout the day but also meets people's requirements of sunlight and view while they are staying indoors. (Translated by CHEN Xi)

ZHANG Yufeng:The "Shell and Core" principle provides more spaces for fa?ade design.The balance and optimisation of multiple performances is always a big challenge for shading design. The horizontal and vertical combination, solar and thermal properties of the material, and the various forms' varieties all contribute to the coordination of heat,light and field of vision. Conversation with the sun is the core of shading design. The contradictions and requirements occurred in various orientation and time are effectively responded by switch of unit shape and sun-tracking control. Compared to the common rigid, monotonous and "invasive" design of shading, the combination of three types of independent units revitalises the fa?ade, while the orderly back and forth arrangement of"Shell and Core" responds positively to the internal space function. Although improvements exist in winter sunshine control, technical complexity, and operational and maintenance cost, it is definitely a good example for making shading design harmonious and perfect.