?unless、as soon as與so...that...

北京 楊 嵐

unless、as soon as和so...that...都是連詞，它們各自都可以用來引導(dǎo)不同的狀語(yǔ)從句。

◎用法梳理

◆unless從句

unless意為“除非；如果不”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示否定意義，相當(dāng)于if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句的否定形式，即“if...not...”。 例如：

We will go on a picnic this weekend unless it rains.=If it doesn't rain，we will go on a picnic this weekend.如果這個(gè)周末不下雨，我們將會(huì)去野餐。

Unless he allows me to leave，I can't leave here.如果他不允許我離開，我不能離開這里。

◆as soon as從句

as soon as意為“一……就……”，用來引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，表示主句動(dòng)作緊接著從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生。例如：

Mary turned on the TV as soon as she got home.瑪麗一到家就打開了電視。

They will start as soon as Robert arrives.羅伯特一到他們就動(dòng)身。

【知識(shí)拓展】

1.通常情況下，在含有unless或as soon as的復(fù)合句中，如果主句用一般將來時(shí)或主句的謂語(yǔ)部分含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，它們引導(dǎo)的從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

2.在復(fù)合句中，unless或as soon as引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句可以放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后。當(dāng)從句位于主句之前時(shí)，常用逗號(hào)將其與主句隔開。

◆so...that...從句

so...that...意為“如此……以至于……”，用來引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。常見結(jié)構(gòu)為“so+形容詞/副詞+that從句”和“so+形容詞+a/an+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that從句”。例如：

He was so excited that he couldn't say a word.他如此興奮以至于一句話也說不出來了。

Helensangsowell that everybody cheered her.海倫唱得如此好，以至于每個(gè)人都為她喝彩。

It is so interesting a book that I want to read it again.這本書如此有趣，以至于我還想再讀一遍。

【知識(shí)拓展】

1.so...that...有時(shí)可與too...to...和...enough to...結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換，通常分為下面兩種情況：

（1）如果that引導(dǎo)的從句是否定句，且主句和從句的主語(yǔ)相同，那么so...that...可轉(zhuǎn)換為too...to...結(jié)構(gòu)；如果從句和主句的主語(yǔ)不同，so...that...則可轉(zhuǎn)換為too...for sb.to...結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：

He is so young that he can't do it.→

He is too young to do it.

Tom spoke so fast that we could hardly follow him.→

Tom spoke too fast for us to follow.

（2）如果that引導(dǎo)的從句是肯定句，且主句和從句的主語(yǔ)相同，那么so...that...可轉(zhuǎn)換為...enough to...結(jié)構(gòu)；如果從句和主句的主語(yǔ)不同，so...that...則可轉(zhuǎn)換為...enough for sb.to...結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：

Her brother is so strong that he can move the heavy box.→

Her brother is strong enough to move the heavy box.

The problem is so easy that all the students can work it out.→

The problem is easy enough for all the students to work it out.

2.such...that...也意為“如此……以至于……”，用來引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。常用結(jié)構(gòu)有 “such+a/an+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that從句”和“such+形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞+that從句”。例如：

It is such an interesting movie that I have seen it three times.這部電影如此有趣，以至于我看了三遍。

It was such fine weather yesterday that we went boating.昨天天氣很好，我們便去劃船了。

【溫馨提示】當(dāng)名詞前的形容詞是many、much、few、little時(shí)，such要改為so， 即 “so+many/much/few/little+名詞+that從句”。例如：

There was so much work to do that everybody got bored.有這么多的工作要做，人人都感到厭煩了。

3.so that意為“以便……；為了……”，用來引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句，從句中常含有can、may等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。so that還可以表示“因此；所以”，用來引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，在so that前可以使用逗號(hào)。例如：

Jim studies hard so that he can go to a good senior school.吉姆努力學(xué)習(xí)以便能考上好的高中。

Yesterday morning he got up early，so that he caught the first bus.昨天早晨他起得很早，因此他趕上了早班車。

◎中考鏈接

1.In summer，food will go bad quickly_______we put it into a fridge.

【2018·蘭州中考題】

A.ifB.unless

C.as soon asD.while

【答案與解析】B句意：在夏天，我們要把食物放進(jìn)冰箱，否則食物很快就會(huì)壞。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，在夏天要想食物不變壞，就要把它放進(jìn)冰箱里。unless相當(dāng)于if...not...，用來引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。故選B項(xiàng)。

2.Shestoppedtalking_________her mother came into the room.

【2018·宜賓中考題】

A.as soon as

B.unless

C.though

【答案與解析】A句意：她的母親一進(jìn)房間，她就停止了談話。根據(jù)句意可知此處要用表示“一……就……”的as soon as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。故選A項(xiàng)。

3.—What a mess！The sharing bikes are thrown everywhere.

—Let's collect and put them in the right place_______they can be used conveni-ently.

【2018·東營(yíng)中考題】

A.unlessB.so that

C.becauseD.so long as

【答案與解析】B句意：——真是一團(tuán)糟！共享單車被丟得到處都是?！屛覀儼阉鼈兪占饋矸旁诤线m的地方，這樣就可以被方便地使用了。根據(jù)句意可知，此處應(yīng)用表示“以便；為了”的so that來引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句。故選B項(xiàng)。

4.—Harry Potteris_______an interesting novel_______I want to read it again.

—I agree with you.

【2018·咸寧中考題】

A.so；thatB.too；to

C.such；thatD.as；as

【答案與解析】C句意：——《哈利·波特》是一本如此有趣的小說，我還想再讀一遍?！彝饽愕目捶?。第二個(gè)空白處后面是一個(gè)句子，排除B、D項(xiàng)。novel是名詞，排除A項(xiàng)。故選C項(xiàng)。

5.Hefelt_______surprisedthat he couldn't say a word with his mouth wide open.

【2016·內(nèi)江中考題】

A.veryB.such

C.soD.too

【答案與解析】Cvery和too后面不能接句子，排除A、D項(xiàng)。surprised是形容詞，應(yīng)用so修飾。故選C項(xiàng)。

◎自我檢測(cè)

Ⅰ.選擇正確的答案填空。

1.Tina is_______nervous_______she can't talk in front of the class.

A.such；that

B.too；to

C.so；that

D.enough；to

2.Your dream will not come true_______you keep trying your best.

A.whenB.unless

C.whetherD.because

3.—Did you catch the early bus this morning?

—Yes.Thebusstartedtomove_______I got on it.

A.thoughB.before

C.as soon asD.ever since

4.I looked through the test paper again and again_______I wouldn't make any mistakes.

A.ifB.because

C.even thoughD.so that

Ⅱ.按要求完成下列句子。每空一詞。

1.I can't give you any money unless you tell me what you want to buy.（改為同義句）

I can't give you any money_______you_______tell me what you want to buy.

2.He is so young that he can't look after himself.（改為簡(jiǎn)單句）

He is_______young______________after himself.

3.The boy saved money in order to buy his mother a present.（改為復(fù)合句）

Theboysavedmoney_______ _______he could buy his mother a present.