抓住語篇，巧解高考閱讀補全
——以有小標題的閱讀補全為例

一、高考閱讀補全的命題思路和特點

高考英語閱讀補全是對語言能力和閱讀理解能力的綜合測試，要求學生有語篇層次的理解能力以及根據(jù)語境線索解答問題的能力。文章以說明文為主，通常是提出一個問題然后解決問題，因此對考生有很強的指導和引領(lǐng)功能。其考點設置包括主旨句，過渡句和細節(jié)句，通常都是會涉及篇章整體內(nèi)容的連貫、結(jié)構(gòu)的完整和上下文邏輯通順的句子，而干擾選項通常有如下特征：1.與主旨無關(guān)；2.與主旨相反；3.其陳述有時范圍太大，太寬泛，有時范圍太窄，以偏概全。

二、解閱讀補全常用的語篇知識

1.銜接，是指一篇文章中語法和詞匯方面存在聯(lián)系。語法銜接包括連接、照應、替代、省略。詞匯銜接包括原詞復現(xiàn)、同根詞、同義、反義、上義、下義以及搭配等。2.連貫，連貫指的是語篇中語義的關(guān)聯(lián)，上下句之間的順承關(guān)系。由此可見，銜接是語篇表層結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系，而連貫則是語篇深層的語義關(guān)系。

三、解題策略

1.掃視全文，把握主題。讀文章標題，首段以及每段首句，并掃視文章得出文章結(jié)構(gòu)，這有助于解題。

2.分析出題位置。出題位置在小標題上，其特點是短、句式一致、祈使句、對小標題后的段落總結(jié)(后面文字可能出現(xiàn)小標題的詞匯)。出題位置在總說上，一般是主旨大意或者是引出問題。出題位置在小標題下，是對小標題的支撐信息，解釋說明小標題內(nèi)容。題目在總結(jié)位置上，暗示問題解決以及美好向往。

3.分析選項，尋找選項里的代詞、冠詞、連詞以及語義順承，語義順承主要表現(xiàn)在名詞上。

4.解題，先解簡單有把握的題，最后再用排除法選題，這樣可以避免一連串錯的連鎖反應。

5.代入答案，檢查核對。將所選選項代入文中，重點檢查邏輯關(guān)系，看看是否有邏輯沖突，前后矛盾。

四、運用語篇解七選五案例

以有小標題的文章，2018年新課標卷2為例

If you are already making the time to exercise，it is good indeed!With such busy lives，it can be hard to try and find the time to work out.___1___.Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit.

●Your productivity is improved.Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day.___2___.

●Your metabolism(新陳代謝)gets a head start.___3__.If you work out in the mornings，then you will be getting the calorie(卡路里)burning benefits for the whole day，not in your sleep.

●___4___.Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening.Exercise energizes you，so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited.

●___5___.If you work out bright and early in the morning，you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day.Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food?You will want to continue to focus on positive choices.

There are a lot of benefits to working out，especially in the mornings.Set your alarm clock an hour early and push yourself to work out!You will feel energized all day long.

A.You will stick to your diet.

B.Your quality of sleep improves.

C.You prefer healthy food to fast food.

D.There is no reason you should exercise in the morning.

E.You can keep you head clear for 4-10 hours after exercise.

F.After you exercise，you continue to burn calories throughout the day.

G.If you are planning to do exercise regularly，or you’re doing it now，then listen up!

解題思路：縱觀文章，文章結(jié)構(gòu)為總—分—總，話題為exercise.第一道題為總說，引出話題，總領(lǐng)文章；二三道題為小標題下的支撐信息；四五道題為小標題即主題句，因此四五道題選擇句子短小的句子。題目四后的信息和睡眠有關(guān)，與選項B里的sleep對應，所以選擇B項；題目五后的信息和飲食有關(guān)，與選項A里的diet對應，所以選擇A項；題目三的小標題是新陳代謝，再結(jié)合后面的信息燃燒卡路里，所以選擇F項；選項二的小標題是your productivity，再結(jié)合后面的單詞awake，對應選項E里的keep you head clear，所以選擇E項；第一道題為總說，選項G為總說，還有選項里的do exercise和題目一前后的work out對應，所以此題選擇G項；而選項C和本文內(nèi)容無關(guān)，選項D和本文內(nèi)容基調(diào)不符合，所以為干擾項。