【摘要】隨著中國(guó)國(guó)際地位的提升,越來(lái)越多的外國(guó)人開(kāi)始聽(tīng)中國(guó)故事。十九大報(bào)告的英譯文也是我國(guó)史上第一次邀請(qǐng)外籍翻譯專家團(tuán)隊(duì)共同完成的。本文通過(guò)對(duì)比分析十八大、十九大報(bào)告的中英雙語(yǔ)譯文,從詞匯、句法層面方面探討政論文的新式表達(dá)及其翻譯策略與技巧。研究發(fā)現(xiàn):雖兩個(gè)報(bào)告的詞匯表達(dá)都豐富多彩,但十九大報(bào)告英譯文的詞匯表達(dá)更與時(shí)俱進(jìn),更加地道,能更好地向外國(guó)讀者講好中國(guó)故事,傳播中國(guó)思想。
【關(guān)鍵詞】十九大報(bào)告;十八大報(bào)告;英譯;對(duì)比分析
【作者簡(jiǎn)介】翟鑫,曲阜師范大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院。
一、引言
政論文是外國(guó)讀者了解中國(guó)政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化狀況的權(quán)威來(lái)源。隨著中國(guó)國(guó)際影響力與日俱增,政論文的英譯水平直接關(guān)系到我國(guó)的對(duì)外宣傳工作,甚至關(guān)系到我國(guó)國(guó)際形象和國(guó)家利益。因此,準(zhǔn)確清晰地翻譯政治文本意義重大。
筆者在查閱相關(guān)資料時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn):詳細(xì)對(duì)比分析十八大和十九大報(bào)告英譯文的學(xué)術(shù)論文較少。所以,本文通過(guò)微觀對(duì)比兩個(gè)英譯報(bào)告中相同詞語(yǔ)、句子,總結(jié)出許多更新更加地道的英文表達(dá)。
二、對(duì)比分析兩報(bào)告相同句子的英譯表達(dá)
1.全面準(zhǔn)確貫徹“一國(guó)兩制”、“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”、高度自治的方針。
We must fully and faithfully implement the principle of “one country, twosystems,” under which the people of Hong Kong govern Hong Kong and the people of Macao govern Macao and both regions enjoy a high degree of autonomy.(十八大)
It isimperative tofully and faithfully implement the policies of “one country, twosystems,” “the people of Hong Kong governing Hong Kong,” “the people ofMacao governing Macao,” and a high degree of autonomy for both regions.(十九大)
很明顯能夠看到“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”和“高度自治”這三個(gè)中國(guó)特色詞匯已重新修正。其次我們發(fā)現(xiàn)三個(gè)“方針”,十八大報(bào)告用principle來(lái)表達(dá),而十九大報(bào)告選用policies,其意思是原則:a rule or a theory that sth is based on;policy的意思是政策方針:a way of doing something that has been officially agreed and chosen by a politicalparty, or another organization.顯然十九大報(bào)告英譯文的表述更精準(zhǔn)。
2.培養(yǎng)德智體美全面發(fā)展的社會(huì)主義建設(shè)者和接班人。
Train participants of and successors to the socialist cause who develop morally, intellectually, physically and aesthetically. We should provide well-rounded education for all students.(十八大)
Nurture a new generation of capable young people who have a good andall-roundmoral, intellectual, physical, and aesthetical grounding and arewell-prepared to join the socialist cause.(十九大)
十八大報(bào)告英譯文用train來(lái)表達(dá)“培養(yǎng),train的意思是培訓(xùn)訓(xùn)練。培訓(xùn)也有短期的培訓(xùn)。而nurture的意思是to feed and take care of a child or a plant while it is growing,表明培養(yǎng)德智體美全面發(fā)展的社會(huì)主義建設(shè)者和接班人要從小孩子開(kāi)始培養(yǎng),是長(zhǎng)期教育。更好地響應(yīng)我國(guó)教育方針,更貼切表達(dá)我國(guó)教育方針的內(nèi)涵。
3.深化科技體制改革,構(gòu)建以企業(yè)為主體、市場(chǎng)為導(dǎo)向、產(chǎn)學(xué)研相結(jié)合的技術(shù)創(chuàng)新體系。
We should deepen reform of the system for managing science and technology. we should establish a system of technological innovation in which enterprises play the leading role, the market points the way, and enterprises, universities and research institutes work together.(十八大)
We will further reform the managementsystem for science and technology, develop a market-oriented system fortechnological innovation in which enterprises are the main players and synergy iscreated through the joint efforts of enterprises, universities, and research institutes.(十九大)
will的意思是意愿:used to show that someone is willing or ready to do something;should的意思是應(yīng)該:used to say what is the right or sensible thing to do.兩個(gè)表達(dá)的程度并不一樣。且十八大報(bào)告英譯文中出現(xiàn)了420個(gè)should,而十九大報(bào)告英譯文只出現(xiàn)了97個(gè)should。并且法律文本的英譯文中的should和will有嚴(yán)格區(qū)別。足以可見(jiàn),十九大報(bào)告的英譯文更講求準(zhǔn)確性,又講求受眾性。此外,市場(chǎng)為導(dǎo)向,十九大報(bào)告英譯文用market-oriented更簡(jiǎn)潔。產(chǎn)學(xué)研相結(jié),十九大報(bào)告英譯文增加了synergy一詞,其意思是the extra energy, power, success that is achieved by two or more people or companies working together, instead of on their own.表露出產(chǎn)、學(xué)、研相結(jié)合的成功意義之巨大。而十八大報(bào)告就沒(méi)有表達(dá)出這番意義。
4.保障人民知情權(quán)、參與權(quán)、表達(dá)權(quán)、監(jiān)督權(quán)。
Uphold peoples right to stay informed about, participate in, express views on, and oversee Party and government operations.(十八大)
Ensure the peoples rights to be informed, to participate, to be heard, and tooversee.(十九大)
十九大報(bào)告英譯文的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)更加整齊?!氨U稀币辉~,十八大用uphold,其意思是支持:to defend or support a law, system, or principle so that it continues to exist. 而十九大用ensure,其意思是保障:to make certain that something will happen properly.因此,十九大報(bào)告英譯文的選詞更精細(xì)。
5.推進(jìn)科學(xué)立法、嚴(yán)格執(zhí)法、公正司法、全民守法。
We should make laws in a scientific way, enforce them strictly, administer justice impartially, and ensure that everyone abides by the law.(十八大)
We must promote the rule of law and work to ensure sound lawmaking, strict law enforcement, impartial administration of justice, and the observance of law by everyone.(十九大)
十八大報(bào)告英譯文的結(jié)構(gòu)看起來(lái)更整齊簡(jiǎn)潔。但仔細(xì)推敲“科學(xué)立法”的英譯:make laws in a scientific way易讓人誤解。scientific的意思是used to describe things that relate to science or to a particular science.易使他人理解為運(yùn)用有關(guān)科學(xué)的某種方式立法(電腦編輯而成)。而十九大報(bào)告巧妙采用詞性轉(zhuǎn)換的翻譯技巧,將“立法”、“執(zhí)法”、“司法”、“守法”轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞,表達(dá)靈活。且法律是嚴(yán)肅的,是每個(gè)公民必須遵守的。所以這句話的英譯中,使用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must比should更恰當(dāng)。
三、結(jié)語(yǔ)
本文以十八大和十九大報(bào)告英譯本為參考,從詞匯、句子的兩個(gè)維度來(lái)對(duì)比分析兩個(gè)文本的差異,提取出一些政論文的英譯翻譯技巧,更提煉出地道的英語(yǔ)表達(dá)。此外,據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),十八大英譯文小標(biāo)題是動(dòng)名詞,副標(biāo)題是動(dòng)詞原形。整體看上去稍顯凌亂,不利于更好地向外國(guó)讀者傳播中國(guó)思想。而十九大報(bào)告英譯文小標(biāo)題和副標(biāo)題統(tǒng)一修正為動(dòng)名詞形式。結(jié)構(gòu)整齊,更符合正規(guī)外宣文和政論文的寫作特點(diǎn)。
因此,翻譯時(shí)事政治文本,譯者既要忠實(shí)于原語(yǔ)的內(nèi)涵與風(fēng)格,又要兼顧新型政治話語(yǔ)中發(fā)言人的個(gè)人風(fēng)格,同時(shí)還要考慮國(guó)外受眾準(zhǔn)確接受信息的需求,創(chuàng)新性地體現(xiàn)中國(guó)特色政治話語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)。外宣文本和政論文譯員只有做到以上幾點(diǎn),才能更好地向外國(guó)友人講好中國(guó)故事,傳遞中國(guó)思想。因此筆者建議MTI專業(yè)學(xué)生及職業(yè)譯員在做外宣文或政論文翻譯實(shí)踐時(shí),不確定的中國(guó)特色詞匯一定要查閱中國(guó)特色話語(yǔ)對(duì)外翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化術(shù)語(yǔ)庫(kù),使其翻譯準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤。
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