吳毅歡 周敏 衣歡
[摘要] 目的 比較羥考酮與舒芬太尼對宮腔鏡手術(shù)患者術(shù)后恢復(fù)質(zhì)量QoR-40的影響。 方法 選取2019年3~5月我院擇期行宮腔鏡手術(shù)患者80例。將患者隨機(jī)分為羥考酮組(O組)和舒芬太尼組(SF組),每組40例。麻醉誘導(dǎo)O組靜脈給予羥考酮0.1 mg/kg,SF組靜脈給予舒芬太尼0.1 μg/kg,兩組均丙泊酚維持麻醉。主要觀察指標(biāo):患者術(shù)后24 h QoR-40評分;次要觀察指標(biāo):術(shù)后24 h內(nèi)不良反應(yīng)(呼吸抑制,惡心、嘔吐,寒戰(zhàn))。 結(jié)果 與SF組比較,O組患者術(shù)后24 h QoR-40評分較高[(187.2±3.1) vs. (175.1±5.2),P<0.05)],其中,O組患者身體舒適度、情緒狀態(tài)、心理支持和疼痛感受方面評分較高(P<0.05),而兩組自理能力評分差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。與SF組比較,O組患者術(shù)后呼吸抑制,惡心、嘔吐,寒戰(zhàn)發(fā)生率較低(P<0.05)。 結(jié)論 與舒芬太尼0.1 μg/kg靜脈注射相比,羥考酮0.1 mg/kg靜脈注射的宮腔鏡手術(shù)患者術(shù)后24 h QoR-40評分更高,術(shù)后呼吸抑制,惡心、嘔吐,寒戰(zhàn)更少,患者術(shù)后恢復(fù)質(zhì)量得到改善。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 羥考酮;舒芬太尼;宮腔鏡;恢復(fù)質(zhì)量;QoR-40
[中圖分類號] R614.24? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼] B? ? ? ? ? [文章編號] 1673-9701(2019)36-0099-03
Effects of oxycodone and sufentanil on postoperative quality of recovery QoR-40 in patients undergoing hysteroscopic surgery
WU Yihuan1? ?ZHOU Min1? ?YI Huan2
1.Department of Anesthesiology, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children`s Hospital, Fuzhou? ?350001, China 2.Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children`s Hospital, Fuzhou? ?350001, China
[Abstract] Objective To compare the effects of oxycodone and sufentanil on postoperative quality of recovery QoR-40 in patients undergoing hysteroscopic surgery. Methods 80 patients who underwent elective hysteroscopy in our hospital from March to May 2019 were selected and randomly divided into the oxycodone group (group O) and the sufentanil group (group SF), with 40 cases in each group. Group O and group SF were given intravenous oxycodone 0.1 mg/kg and intravenous sufentanil 0.1 μg/kg respectively for induction of anesthesia. In both groups, propofol was used to maintain anesthesia. The primary observation indicator was the QoR-40 score at 24 hours after surgery. The secondary observation indicator was adverse reaction within 24 hours after surgery, including respiratory depression, nausea,vomiting and chills. Results The QoR-40 score of patients in group O was higher than that in group SF at 24 hours after surgery [(187.2±3.1) vs (175.1±5.2),P<0.05)]. Among them, scores for physical comfort,emotional state, psychological support and pain perception in group O were higher (P<0.05),but there was no significant difference in self-care ability scores between the two groups(P>0.05). The incidences of respiratory depression, nausea and vomiting, postoperative chills in group O were lower than those in group SF(P<0.05). Conclusion Compared with intravenous sufentanil 0.1 μg/kg, intravenous oxycodone 0.1 mg/kg in patients undergoing hysteroscopic surgery shows higher QoR-40 scores at 24 hours after surgery, less postoperative respiratory depression, nausea, vomiting and chills, and improved postoperative quality of recovery.
[Key words] Oxycodone; Sufentanil; Hysteroscopy; Quality of recovery; QoR-40
宮腔鏡手術(shù)用時少、恢復(fù)迅速、創(chuàng)傷輕微,是婦科極常見的微創(chuàng)手術(shù)[1]。阿片類鎮(zhèn)痛藥物如舒芬太尼與丙泊酚常被用于宮腔鏡手術(shù),但易抑制呼吸,對內(nèi)臟痛效果欠佳[2]。羥考酮可激動μ、κ受體,抑制內(nèi)臟痛,不易抑制呼吸[3,4],可減輕宮腔鏡手術(shù)所引起的應(yīng)激反應(yīng)、術(shù)后呼吸抑制及宮縮疼痛。
QoR(Quality of Recovery)-40評分量表是國際上較為認(rèn)可的評價患者術(shù)后恢復(fù)質(zhì)量的量表[5],本研究采用此量表,比較羥考酮與舒芬太尼對宮腔鏡手術(shù)患者術(shù)后恢復(fù)質(zhì)量的影響,現(xiàn)報道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1一般資料
我院2019年3~5月?lián)衿趯m腔鏡手術(shù)患者80例,ASA Ⅰ~Ⅱ級,年齡22~45歲,BMI(21~24)kg/m2。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):精神疾病或語言障礙者;急慢性疼痛病史者;藥物或酒精濫用者。將患者隨機(jī)分為羥考酮組(O組)和舒芬太尼組(SF組),每組40例。在不透明的信封中放入本研究的分組方法,除藥物輸注者知曉分組外,麻醉醫(yī)師、手術(shù)者、患者、麻醉恢復(fù)室護(hù)士、數(shù)據(jù)采集者和數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計者均不知曉。
兩組患者年齡、體重、ASA分級、術(shù)前24 h QoR-40評分、手術(shù)時間比較差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。見表1。
1.2方法
術(shù)前1 d向患者解釋并記錄術(shù)前24 h QoR-40量表評分。入室后嚴(yán)密監(jiān)測血氧飽和度、心率、無創(chuàng)血壓。麻醉誘導(dǎo):均面罩給氧6 L/min,靜脈給予咪達(dá)唑侖0.04 mg/kg,O組靜脈給予羥考酮(批號:CA792,萌蒂制藥有限公司)0.1 mg/kg,SF組靜脈給予舒芬太尼(國藥準(zhǔn)字:H20054171,宜昌人福藥業(yè)有限公司)0.1 μg/kg,3 min后兩組分別給予丙泊酚2 mg/kg,術(shù)中均丙泊酚(2~4)mg/(kg·h)維持。維持血壓和心率波動幅度不超過基礎(chǔ)狀態(tài)的30%。術(shù)中心率<50 bpm時,阿托品0.2 mg靜脈注射;血壓<麻醉前30%時,麻黃堿5 mg靜脈注射; SPO2<90%時托下頜輔助通氣。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo)
主要觀察指標(biāo):術(shù)后24 h的QoR-40量表評分;次要觀察指標(biāo):術(shù)后24 h內(nèi)發(fā)生呼吸抑制,惡心、嘔吐,寒戰(zhàn)的發(fā)生率。
QoR-40量表:身體舒適情況(12項(xiàng))、情緒狀態(tài)(9項(xiàng))、自理能力(5項(xiàng))、心理支持(7項(xiàng))和疼痛感受(7項(xiàng)),共40項(xiàng),每項(xiàng)5級,總分40~200分,得分越多表明術(shù)后恢復(fù)質(zhì)量越好[6]。
1.4統(tǒng)計學(xué)方法
采用SPSS21.0統(tǒng)計學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行分析。用Kolmogorov-Smirnov檢驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)正態(tài)性;計量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,采用獨(dú)立樣本t檢驗(yàn),計數(shù)資料以[n(%)]表示,采用χ2檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 兩組患者術(shù)中麻醉相關(guān)時間及丙泊酚用量比較
兩組患者麻醉時間比較差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05);與SF組比較,O組患者術(shù)麻醉蘇醒時間和丙泊酚用藥量均減少(P<0.05),見表2。
表2? ?兩組患者術(shù)中麻醉相關(guān)時間及丙泊酚用量比較(x±s)
2.2 兩組患者術(shù)后 24 h QoR-40 評分比較
與SF組比較,O組患者術(shù)后24 h QoR-40評分較高[(187.2±3.1) vs.(175.1±5.2),P<0.05)];其中,O組患者身體舒適度、情緒狀態(tài)、心理支持和疼痛感受評分較高(P<0.05),而兩組自理能力評分比較差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05),見表3。
2.3兩組患者術(shù)后不良反應(yīng)比較
與SF組比較,O組患者術(shù)后呼吸抑制,惡心、嘔吐,寒戰(zhàn)發(fā)生率明顯減少,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見表4。
3 討論
宮腔鏡手術(shù)疼痛主要來自擴(kuò)宮、宮內(nèi)操作時所致的疼痛和術(shù)后宮縮痛,主要為內(nèi)臟痛[7,8]。目前主要用于阿片類藥物與丙泊酚麻醉[9]。但大多阿片類藥物如舒芬太尼,僅激動μ受體(μ受體主要與痛覺、呼吸、惡心、嘔吐有關(guān)),而未激動κ受體,對內(nèi)臟痛效果欠佳,易致呼吸抑制、惡心嘔吐等[10]。
羥考酮是唯一可激動μ、κ受體的阿片類藥物,2~3 min起效,5 min達(dá)峰,4 h持久鎮(zhèn)痛[4]。羥考酮不抑制呼吸,不延長蘇醒時間,可阻斷中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)迷走神經(jīng)興奮[11],抑制去甲腎上腺素、5-羥色胺等遞質(zhì)釋放,提升寒戰(zhàn)閾值,從而減少惡心、嘔吐、寒戰(zhàn)的出現(xiàn)[4,12]。本研究結(jié)果中,與SF組比較,O組患者術(shù)后呼吸抑制,惡心、嘔吐,寒戰(zhàn)發(fā)生率明顯減少(P<0.05),術(shù)中丙泊酚用量和麻醉蘇醒時間明顯減少(P<0.05),與既往研究結(jié)果一致。κ受體激動作用,對宮腔鏡所致的術(shù)中擴(kuò)宮、宮內(nèi)操作時疼痛和術(shù)后宮縮痛具有獨(dú)特優(yōu)勢,有研究表明[4,13],與SF組比較,O組患者擴(kuò)宮、宮內(nèi)操作時血流動力學(xué)波動更小。而麻醉藥用量少、蘇醒快、術(shù)后不良反應(yīng)少、穩(wěn)定的血流動力學(xué)和有效的鎮(zhèn)痛均有助于患者術(shù)后康復(fù)。
隨著術(shù)后加速康復(fù)外科(ERAS)的推進(jìn),宮腔鏡手術(shù)患者術(shù)后恢復(fù)質(zhì)量越來越被重視[14]。QoR-40 量表被廣泛用于評價患者術(shù)后恢復(fù)質(zhì)量[4,15]。因創(chuàng)傷應(yīng)激,與SF組比較,O組患者術(shù)后24 h QoR-40評分較高[(187.2±3.1) vs.(175.1±5.2),P<0.05)],患者術(shù)后恢復(fù)質(zhì)量較好。其中,術(shù)后24 h身體舒適度、情緒狀態(tài)、心理支持和疼痛感受評分較高(P<0.05),羥考酮減少麻醉藥用量,患者蘇醒快,抑制患者術(shù)中、術(shù)后內(nèi)臟痛,減少術(shù)后不良反應(yīng),使身心舒適度提高,從而改善患者術(shù)后恢復(fù)質(zhì)量。而兩組自理能力方面比較差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05),考慮手術(shù)創(chuàng)傷輕微,恢復(fù)快,患者第2天或術(shù)后數(shù)小時即可下床活動,生活自理不受影響。
綜上所述,與舒芬太尼0.1 μg/kg靜脈注射相比,羥考酮0.1 mg/kg靜脈注射的宮腔鏡手術(shù)患者術(shù)后24 h QoR-40評分更高,術(shù)后呼吸抑制,惡心、嘔吐,寒戰(zhàn)發(fā)生率更少,宮腔鏡手術(shù)患者術(shù)后恢復(fù)質(zhì)量得到改善,在臨床中值得推廣。
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(收稿日期:2019-10-28)