ABSTRACTS

The Historical Construction of the Image of the May 4th Movement by the Communist Party of China（4）

Duan Zhiwen，Zhang Shuai

（School of Marxism，Zhejiang University，Hangzhou 310028）

Abstract：The May 4th Movement was a historic event with great influence in modern China.Over the past 100 years，different political parties have carried out different historical interpretations and image construction of the May 4th Movement.The image of the May 4th Movement constructed by the Communist Party of China occupies a dominant position in modern Chinese society.The Communist Party of China used revolutionary discourse，class discourse and construction discourse to construct the world image，revolutionary image，mass image and modernized image of the May 4th Movement.The first three images were basically stable before the founding of New China，while the last image germinated in the period of the New Democratic Revolution and gradually finalized after the reform and opening up.The construction of the image of the May 4th Movement by the Communist Party of China not only highlights the political differences with other parties and makes itself politically legitimate，but also plays an important role and influence in the mobilization of revolution and construction and cultural integration.

Key words：Communist Party of China；the May 4th Movement；image construction；characteristics of the discourse；function and influence

From Enlightenment to Marxism：the Historical Transformation of the May 4th Movement（11）

Bao Dawei

（School of Marxism，Zhejiang University，Hangzhou 310028）

Abstract：After the New Cultural Movement，the concept of enlightenment political liberation dominated the theoretical direction of Chinese intellectuals.The enlightenment movement thus absorbed vast theoretical tools in the name of Mr.Democracy and Mr.Science，including the efforts to change the customs，reshape the people and transform the language.However，when the semi-colonial and semi-feudal internal and external crises broke the imagination of the enlightened political emancipation，the Chinese intellectuals then began to consciously reflect on the enlightenment limited to ideological change.Meanwhile，the October Revolution expressed another way towards independent development by the people，which introduced Marxism as the new historical essence into the May 4th Movement.The Marxist practice in the movement was mingled with anarchism，populism，syndicalism and other pan-left wing attributes.However，as the people gradually gained initiative in the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal revolution，Marxism began to take over the historical mission of saving the country from the enlightenment.

Key words：Enlightenment；Marxism；the May 4th Movement；revolution

The Choice of Sources of Technical Change and Demand for Skilled Labor（19）

Liu Qiong，Le Junjie，Yao Xianguo

（School of Public Affairs，Zhejiang University，Hangzhou 310058）

Abstract：This paper uses the World Bank’s 2012 corporate survey data to study the impact of independent R&D and technology imports on the demand for high-skilled labor in China.Dealing with indogenous problem by the traditional IV method and the IV method based on heteroscedasticity，this paper finds that independent R&D significantly promotes the proportion of non-productive high-skilled jobs such as management and technology within the enterprise，but the technology imports show significant negative effects.The article also finds that the impact of independent R&D on high-skilled labor demand has obvious heterogeneity in different types of enterprises.The significant positive effect on the skills could be only find in non-export enterprises and enterprises in the central and western regions，but not in export enterprises and eastern enterprises.However，the technology imports have a significant negative impact on the high-skilled labor demand of all types of enterprises.Further analysis of the article shows that the labor endowment structure and trade policy may be important reason for enterprises to choose unskilled-biased technology progress.

Key words：technology license；independent R&D；skilled labor；IV method

Fiscal Policy，Targeted Poverty Alleviation and Rural Poor（28）

Zhang Pengfei

（School of Labor and Human Resources，Renmin University of China，Beijing 100872）

Abstract：Based on the perspective of rural poverty，using panel data of 30 provinces，autonomous regions and municipalities from 2007 to 2016，this paper examines the impact of China’s fiscal policy on poverty and the changes of the impact of fiscal policy on poverty after the targeted poverty alleviation.The study found that fiscal policy increased rural poverty.This is mainly due to the insufficient financial funds，low utilization efficiency，imperfect financial investment in poverty alleviation，unreasonable expenditure structure，prominent income redistribution problems in poor rural areas，imperfect entry mechanism and absence of exit mechanism of poverty alleviation in rural financial policies.Further study found that the impact has been improved after the targeted poverty alleviation.By dealing with endogenous problems and building dynamic panel data model，we find that the conclusions of this paper are robust.Therefore，improving the design of poverty alleviation by fiscal policy and promoting the targeted poverty alleviation is the key to achieving poverty alleviation in rural areas.

Key words：targeted poverty alleviation；fiscal policy；poverty；rural

Spatial Pattern and Differentiation Evolution of Regional Economic Connection and Innovation Connection in Zhejiang Province（36）

Xu Mengzhou，Pan Jiadong

（Party School of Zhejiang Provincial Committee of C.P.C，Hangzhou 311121）

Abstract：The paper adopts modified gravity model and social network analysis to study spatial pattern and differentiation evolution of regional economic connection and innovation connection from 2002 to 2017,which reaches the conclusion that Zhejiang’s innovation evolution is much more active than economics and the network of innovation has been changed a lot.The endogenous driving force for the high-quality economic development of the urban agglomeration around Hangzhou bay is increasing，for Ningbo’s innovation patent has changed from“high-low”to“high-high”，Jiaxing is on the way to“high-high”from“high-low”,and Huzhou is from“l(fā)ow-low”to“high-low”.Wenzhou and Taizhou’s innovation connections are much more weakness than economic connections，for Wenzhou’s innovation patent changes from“high-low”to“l(fā)ow-low”.At the same time,some areas have weakened their economic and innovation connections,such as Zhoushan and Ningbo,Jinhua and Shaoxing,Quzhou,which leads Zhoushan and Jinhua to relatively isolated states.This paper proposes the suggestion that activity of regional innovation links need full attention and innovation elements should be optimized the allocation to promote regional integration.

Key words：economic connection；innovation connection；spatial pattern；differentiation evolution

Decisionism，Presidential Constitutional Dictatorship，and Concrete Order：A Re-study of Carl Schmitt’s Early Political and Judicial Theory（45）

Li Zhehan

（Philosophy Institute，Zhejiang Academy of Social Sciences，Hangzhou 310007）

Abstract：There is no doubt that Carl Schmitt is the most creative and influential political and judicial theorist in the first half of the twentieth century.Obviously，he is always interpreted and misinterpreted by his contemporaries and younger generation，because of his research field is referred to many subjects，his theoretical and political standpoints often changed，and also his close relationship to the real politics.Considering the background of his age and the inner development of his theory synthetically，we could find the underlying consistency of his theoretical and political standpoints，namely he always keeps trying to find a ground for the groundless modernity-nihilism world eagerly.His consistency could not only explain the development of his early political and judicial theory，but also his actual actions.Actually，what Schmitt did belong to the syndrome of the modern German intelligentsia，and who could not acclimatize themselves to the modern world.As a conclusion，we could achieve the disenchantment and inner critique to Schmitt only in this way.

Key words：Carl Schmitt；decisionism；presidential constitutional dictatorship；concrete order

The Power of Algorithm：Application and Regulation（52）Chen Peng

（Law School，Anhui Normal University，Wuhu 241002）

Absrtact：The arrival of the big data era and the major breakthrough of the deep learning algorithm，promotes the continuous expansion of artificial intelligence application scene and the deepening of application，the State and society’s dependence on the algorithm is deepening，as one of the cornerstones of artificial intelligence algorithm also presents a certain power characteristics.The power representation of the algorithm is technical power，which has remarkable effect on the timely perception of public opinion，the effective response of governance demand，the precise setting of policy agenda and the accurate evaluation of government performance，and provides the possibility of restricting power by power for the operation of social regulation of the State apparatus.At the same time，behind the power of the algorithm also lurks the power of capital，Capital uses its technical advantages in data and algorithms，there is the possibility of applying algorithms to dictatorship and promote data hegemony，national sovereignty faces profound challenges of capital，and the pattern of global governance is also facing profound changes.For the regulation of algorithm power，it is necessary not only for countries to make efforts to ensure data security and reduce the dependence of algorithm technology on capital，but also for countries to actively cooperate，construct the algorithm governance system at the global level and continuously improve the global algorithm governance mechanism.

Key words：algorithm；power；application；regulation

The Use and Risk Control of the Interest Measurement in the Criminal Justice（59）

Wu Liangjun

（Law School，Hainan University，Haikou 570228）

Abstract：The measure of interest is the inevitable requirement of resolving conflicts of interest in criminal justice adjudication，and the important method of solving difficult cases.The measure of interest is also the path of the unification of legal effect and social effect，and also the requirement of the substantive side of the legal doctrine of the crime.Compared with the measurement of interests in sentencing，the measurement of interests in conviction is more significant.Whether it is the judgment of the conformance of constitutive elements，or the judgment of illegality or responsibility，there is room for the use of interest measurement.Measure the appropriate use of interests，is not in compliance with the operating steps of a stylized completely，but on whether to accurately grasp the“benefit analysis”and“measure”the two key links.Ought to say，the interests of the measure to judge the subjectivity of the natural dependence，contains uncertainty inherent risk，it should actively provide interest measure in the application of criminal judicial referee a binding framework to control the risk.The risk control of the benefit measurement in the criminal justice adjudication should abide by the legal doctrine of the crime，follow the social consensus orientation，and strengthen the procedural restriction.

Key words：interest measurement；criminal justice；legal doctrine of crime；social consensus；procedural restriction

On the Insurability of Punitive Damages and Its Expansion（69）Wu Yiwen，Zhao Yaning

（School of Law，Wuhan University，Wuhan 430072）

Abstract：Under the background that the insurability of punitive damages has been universally denied by the insurance market，there is great theoretical and practical significance to research on the issue of punitive damages’ insurability.The insurability of punitive damages can be demonstrated from two aspects：one is the theory and practice of insurance law，the other is system benefits and policy considerations.On one hand，the insurable arrangement not only complies with the general insurance law rules that liability insurance only covers civil compensation liability and harms caused by intentional acts are not covered，but also does not lead to extra judicial difficulties.On the other hand，the insurable arrangement does not mate-rially affect the punishment and deterrence functions of punitive damages，and compared with the uninsurable arrangement，it is more in line with social public order，and helps to promote public interests.In addition，the features of liability insurance result in that the general rule that harms caused by intentional acts are not covered should not apply to liability insurance.So，the insurability of punitive damages is supposed to be expanded further.However，in order to prevent too heavy obligation of risk covering from threatening the survival of insurance market，it’s essential to grant insurers a statutory right to recover from the intentional insureds after they have paid insurance benefits，so that the interests of all parties in third party insurance can be better balanced.

Key words：punitive damages；insurability；liability insurance；insurer’s right of recovery

The Development of Leisure Studies in the West：Reflection and Enlightenment（80）

Pang Xuequan，Cheng Xiang

（Asia Pacific Centre for the Study of Leisure，Zhejiang University，Hangzhou 310028）

Abstract：Although Leisure Studies has achieved the discipline construction in the west，it still faces challenges，which are embodied in：the continuing academic debates，the arduous journey of collegial leisure education，and the misunderstanding of public perception.By reviewing the history of leisure studies，this paper explores the root causes of the challenges，and concludes that the“intersectionality”of the discipline promotes the development of leisure studies from scratch，but objectively also brings challenges to the development of the discipline.In order to promote the healthy development of leisure studies in China，it is necessary to strengthen the study of the ontology of leisure studies，introduce the western early leisure studies and the European leisure studies，and try to establish the concept and theoretical system of Chinese leisure studies.

Key words：leisure studies；challenges；interdisciplinary

Interpretation of Leisure Core Elements from the Perspective of Social Relations：Construction on the Relationship between Leisure and Identity（87）

Peng Fei

（School of Tourism Management，Sun Yat-sen University，Guangzhou 510275）

Abstract：In traditional leisure studies，more emphases were put on freedom and authenticity of leisure，while ignoring its root in life and social relations.In this paper，we hoped to focus on the importance of others through identity perspective，making it as a balanced supplement to the core elements of leisure.It was difficult to achieve“freedom from constraints”because of role and identity in society.Freedom was an important condition for leisure，leisure was embodied from initiative as well.From the perspective of identity，self-identity was not only based on their inner love，but also taking consideration on social identity and individual goal expectation.While social identity promoted self-achievement and was more open and developmental.In all，the purpose of leisure identity was to realize the biggest unity of individual leisure value and social value evaluation instead of blind identity.Thus，one could“become human-being”through the process of leisure communication and identity interaction.

Key words：leisure；identity；leisure identity；identity value

The“Chinese Paradigm”of Building World-class Disciplines：Value Construction and Practice Path（95）

Zhao Yuan

（Zhejiang University of Media and Communication in Tongxiang，Hangzhou 310018）

Abstract：Chinese political system,cultural background and spiritual temperament,social development stage and strategic focus，governance structure of higher education,university tradition have exerted a profound influence on the construction of world-class disciplines.In the new era，building world-class disciplines in China should establish the“Chinese discourse”and“Chinese standards”of world-class disciplines evaluation.This study explores the“Chinese Model”and“Chinese System”of world-class discipline governance，the“China Ecology”of world-class discipline and the path innovation of strengthening world-class discipline.With the“Chinese paradigm”of world-class discipline,we can build the core competitiveness of world-class discipline in China，accelerate the comprehensive strength of higher education，and provide strong talent support and intellectual guarantee for the realization of the“two centenary goals”.

Key words：building world-class disciplines；value construction；development model；practice path

A Discussion on Influential Effect of International Students’Education on China——A Case Study of the Trade Relationships of the Countries along“One Belt One Road”（103）

Yuan Qing

（Academy of Humanities and Social Sciences，Zhejiang University，Hangzhou 310058）

Abstract：Based on the yearly“Brief statistic report on International students in China”compiled by the Department of International Education and Cooperation，Ministry of Education，this paper teases out the status of the education of international students from the countries along the routes of“One Belt One Road”Initiative as well as that of the development of bilateral trade relationships.It maintains that the development of international students’education in China has a high degree of complementarity.It also makes a quantitative estimation of the influential effect of education of international students on Chinese foreign trade and provides some policy suggestions.

Key words：international students in China；trade；education；“One Belt One Road”Initiative

The Written History for A Well-known Mountain——On Huang Zongxi’s A Record of Siming Mountain（112）

Tang Min

（Office of Local Chronicles，Zhejiang Academy of Social Sciences，Hangzhou 310007）

Abstracts：Siming Mountain written by Huang Zongxi，a great learned man at the end of the Qing Dynasty，is the only book about the mountain，a very famous one in Eastern Zhejiang Province.During the change of the regime between the Qing and Ming Dynasties，the author wrote the book with his strong academic foundation，rigorous scholarship and especially，profound love for the mountain and water in his hometown.The book was also finished on the basis of his studying many books and field trips.The special historical background plus the author’s patriotism has provided the book with the value of a document and a poetic feature and therefore it stands out among the records of mountains.

Key words：A Record of Siming Mountain；Huang Zongxi；patriotism；poetic feature

Printed Japanese Hongren Edition of Wen Guan Ci Lin and The Complete Texts from Jin Dynasty（118）

Lin Jiali，He Mali

（Department of Chinese Language and Literature，Zhejiang University，Hangzhou 310028）

Abstract：Printed Japanese Hongren Edition of Wen Guan Ci Lin collects fifty-seven articles from the Jin Dynasty and one only had title in addition，which are of great documentary and historical value.Comparing with The Complete Texts from Jin Dynasty in Yan Kejun’s Complete Texts from Xia，Shang，Zhou，Qin and Han Dynasties，Three Kingdoms Period and Six Dynasties，Ci Lin supplements entire and fragmentary passages.Ci Lin and Yan’s work mutually enhance proportion of integrated texts，that is helpful for correcting different characters in passages.The passages from the Jin Dynasty in the Japanese Hongren Edition，include many literary forms such as ode，epitaph，imperial edict，Jiao prose，imperial order.For example，Ode to the Campaign against the Shu Kingdom written by Cao Pi，which is a literary creation under important historical events and is of great value.For some other examples，both Epitaph of Jiang Zhou’s Governor Yu Yi written by Zhang Wang and Epitaph of Xu Zhou’s Governor Wang Tanzhi written by Fu Tao are the epitaphs of famous ministers in the Eastern Jin Dynasty，which are not found in other texts.Although Epitaph of Jiang Zhou’s Governor Yu Bin written by Sun Chuo is included in Yan’s work，the content of the text is incomplete.Luckily，Ci Lin provides the masterpiece of epitaph master in the Eastern Jin Dynasty，that is commendable and worthy of further investigation.

Key words：Wen Guan Ci Lin；The Complete Texts from Jin Dynasty；proofreader；literary value

A Brief Account of the Pragmatic Expression Mode of Government Affairs New Media（129）

Wang Jianhua，Zhou Yi

（Zhejiang University of Science and Technology，Hangzhou 310023）

Abstract：The expression mode of linguistic application in government affairs new media refers to the speech act mode constructed，according to certain pragmatic intentions，with multi-modal discourses in a networked and digitized context，featuring corresponding functions and characteristics.Objectivity，generativity and relevance are its outstanding features.There are diversified pragmatic expression modes.Given the three elements of pragmatics research，the first level can be divided into three categories：expression modes based on pragmatic intention，pragmatic carrier and pragmatic approach.The second level，deriving from the first-level categories consists of ten modes in total.The expression modes of government affairs new media are interdependent and interrelated，in which relations of division and collaboration，hierarchical function change and discourse markers etc.can be identified.

Key words：Government affairs new media；pragmatic mode；nature；characteristics；relation

The Development Level of Jiangnan Economy in Kaitian Prosperous Period（135）

Zhang Jianguang

（College of Humanities and Communications，Shanghai Normal University，Shanghai 200234）

Abstracts：During the Kaitian Prosperous Period of Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty，the economic development of the north reached the peak of the Tang Dynasty，while the economy of the south also showed a rising momentum.Compared with the early Tang Dynasty，the population growth rate during Tianbao Period in south of the Yangtze River was higher than that in the north of the same period，and the population needed for agricultural development was preliminarily available.At that time，the number of water conservancy projects under construction in south of the Yangtze River was not less than that in the north of the same period.Especially the construction of several seawalls protected the land inside the seawall from being eroded by the salt tide.Large amount of lands could be planted and the area of reclamation was growing.During Kaiyuan Period，agricultural production in the south of the Yangtze River reached high level，and large quantities of grains were transported to the north.With the separation of Mingzhou and ten new counties，the development of south of the Yangtze River moved from inland to coastal areas，and the general pattern of development had been finalized in Xuanzong Period.The construction of the city walls in south of the Yangtze River has improved the physical form of the city，expanded the area of the urban area，increased the population and made the commodity economy more active.Handicraft industries in south of the Yangtze River，such as silk and cloth textiles and metal foundries，were all occupy an important position over the country.Because of the rapid economic development of the south in Kaiyuan Prosperous Period，after the Anshi Rebellion，south of the Yangtze River could replace the north effectively and quickly，and become the center of wealth.The southward shift of the focus of wealth after the Anshi Rebellion is not only accidental，but also historical necessity.

Key words：Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty；Kaitian Prosperous Period；economy in south of Yangtze River，pay tax by cloth instead of grains；population；water conservancy

The Gentry-Merchants in Towns and Modernization Transformation of Local Education:

Centered on the Nanxun Town（144）

Zheng Weirong

（Wenzhou Medical University，Wenzhou 325000）

Abstract：The Gentry-Merchants in towns were the“motivating force”of local educational modernization.From the late 19th century to the 1930s,on the basis of the reformation of the traditional education system,the new school education in Nanxun town formed a pattern of three modes：official organization-private assistance，official initiation-private organization and private organization，which had a diversified development and dynamic growth.The Gentry-Merchants were considerably active in different stages and modes,occupying a relatively top status in the local new school education system.They maintained the occurrence and development of the positive interaction between modern new school and economic capital,cultural education and ideological enlightenment，and became the initiator and leader of the modernization transformation of local education.In the meantime，they acted as the promoter to make modern intellectuals grow into the main force of local education.

Key words：the gentry-merchants；local education；modernization；Nanxun town