刊首語(yǔ)

風(fēng)景園林自2011年晉升為一級(jí)學(xué)科以來(lái)，其國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金青年基金、面上基金項(xiàng)目數(shù)量驟增，重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目實(shí)現(xiàn)了零的突破…….，在經(jīng)歷了60年的緩慢積累后，新中國(guó)風(fēng)景園林科學(xué)研究的第三個(gè)30年(2010—2040年)大發(fā)展期已初露端倪，本期主題文章所傳達(dá)的正是這樣的新年春意。

風(fēng)景園林的科學(xué)研究與實(shí)踐應(yīng)用好比一棵大樹(shù)，研究是地下的根系，應(yīng)用是地上的主干枝葉，根深蒂固、根系發(fā)達(dá)是參天大樹(shù)、枝繁葉茂的前提，應(yīng)用的 “繁榮昌盛”離不開(kāi)研究的 “深耕細(xì)作”。風(fēng)景園林的科學(xué)研究，既需要科學(xué)家的嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)精密，也需要藝術(shù)家的激情暢想，還需要工程師隨機(jī)應(yīng)變的奇思妙想；選題上前瞻性的時(shí)間思維、研究上同時(shí)關(guān)注眾多因素的體系化空間思維、過(guò)程中非閉合發(fā)散性的創(chuàng)造性思維，在遵循風(fēng)景園林研究特殊性的同時(shí)，還要與普世的科研思維邏輯語(yǔ)言對(duì)接，風(fēng)景園林學(xué)科才有可能立于世界科學(xué)之林。

目前風(fēng)景園林的6個(gè)二級(jí)學(xué)科，其理論、方法、技術(shù)的問(wèn)題均值得研究。其特征是 “慢工細(xì)活”“大器晚成”，解決任何風(fēng)景園林問(wèn)題，都需要漫長(zhǎng)的過(guò)程，沒(méi)有 “眾里尋他千百度”的努力和癡迷，難得 “驀然回首……”的驚喜。某一領(lǐng)域分支研究，從理論形成、方法確定、技術(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)到應(yīng)用普及，往往需要至少30年的積累。而要形成體系、流派，則需要百年以上的積累。例如，始于20世紀(jì)60年代的景觀視覺(jué)分析(landscape visual analysis)，至今雖已成體系，而有待破解的難題大約還需花上40年。相比之下，那些三年五載一蹴而就的風(fēng)景園林 “新概念”“新主義”“新理論”，不過(guò)是當(dāng)今物質(zhì)浮躁時(shí)代操之過(guò)急的學(xué)術(shù)畸形兒，充其量不過(guò)是 “根據(jù)現(xiàn)有理論而做的一道應(yīng)用題”，所謂創(chuàng)新只是 “重復(fù)”“拷貝”而已。

每一位有志于風(fēng)景園林科學(xué)研究的個(gè)人都需要一個(gè)至少30年的長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)規(guī)劃：第一個(gè)10年起步期，明確自己的研究領(lǐng)域和主攻方向，包括2～3年的碩士生、3～5年的博士生、2～3年的國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金青年基金課題或自立科研課題研究，預(yù)期結(jié)果是進(jìn)入該領(lǐng)域前沿；第二個(gè)10年發(fā)展期，主持完成2～3項(xiàng)國(guó)家級(jí)課題研究，并形成穩(wěn)定的團(tuán)隊(duì)梯隊(duì)，在該領(lǐng)域深耕細(xì)作，同時(shí)培養(yǎng)接班人，預(yù)期結(jié)果是有重要突破創(chuàng)新；第三個(gè)10年成熟期，主持完成國(guó)家重點(diǎn)、重大科研項(xiàng)目，在該領(lǐng)域或統(tǒng)領(lǐng)全局，或獨(dú)樹(shù)一幟。加上大環(huán)境背景、群體關(guān)系，以及不可預(yù)見(jiàn)等因素的影響，30年實(shí)現(xiàn)規(guī)劃算是幸運(yùn)，40年亦屬于正常，關(guān)鍵要持之以恒、堅(jiān)持不懈。

科研群體系統(tǒng)協(xié)同解決復(fù)雜問(wèn)題已成大勢(shì)所趨。未來(lái)風(fēng)景園林科學(xué)研究更加需要群體的智慧，那種文人式的 “單打獨(dú)斗”“一杯茶、幾本書(shū)、幾十篇參考文獻(xiàn)”的研究方式已經(jīng)落伍。面對(duì)未來(lái)的挑戰(zhàn)，風(fēng)景園林科學(xué)研究尤其需要群體、跨界、跨國(guó)合作，其中，我們每位個(gè)體不過(guò)是 “滄海一粟”。面對(duì)未來(lái)風(fēng)景園林科學(xué)研究的長(zhǎng)河，個(gè)體生命精力是有限的，而群體才有可能延續(xù)、無(wú)限。集個(gè)體之力，成群體之勢(shì)，擺正兩者名利關(guān)系，明確 “尊重前人”“承前啟后”的定位，放大格局，才有可能在未來(lái)風(fēng)景園林科研領(lǐng)域這片廣闊的天地有所建樹(shù)。

2019新年伊始，面臨中國(guó)風(fēng)景園林科學(xué)研究的大發(fā)展態(tài)勢(shì)，重任落在了大家的肩上，更落在了青年一代的身上。祝愿更多的前輩同道關(guān)心愛(ài)護(hù)青年人的成長(zhǎng)，期盼中國(guó)風(fēng)景園林科學(xué)研究界百花齊放、碩果累累。

Since the elevation as the first-level discipline in 2011, the number of NSFC projects of landscape architecture has increased rapidly, and the number of key projects has broken through zero. After 60 years of slow accumulation, the third 30-year big development period(2010-2040) of landscape architecture research of the New China has already begun to emerge. The theme articles of this issue conveys this kind of New Year's spring time.

The scientific research and practical application of landscape architecture is like a big tree. The research is the root system in the underground while the application is the main branches and leaves on the ground. The deep roots are the premise of the towering trees and the flourishing foliage. The "prosperity" of application cannot do without the"deep cultivation" of research. The scientific research of landscape architecture requires the rigorous precision of scientists, the passionate imagination of artists, and the whimsy of engineers. The landscape architecture discipline will not be part of the world of sciences without the forward-looking thinking of time in topic selection, the systematic spatial thinking of many factors in research, the non-closed divergent creative thinking in process, while following the particularity of landscape architecture research and also docking the universal scientific thinking logic.

At present, the six secondary disciplines of landscape architecture all contain theories,methods, and technical issues worthy of study. It is characterized by "slow work yields fine products" and "great minds mature slowly". It is found that solving any landscape architecture problem requires a long process. Without the timeless and endless efforts and obsession of truth-seeking, it is rare to have surprise of success. The branch research in a certain field, from theoretical formation, method determination, technology realization,to application popularization, often requires at least 30 years of accumulation. To form a system and a genre, it takes more than a hundred years of accumulation. For example,landscape visual analysis, which began in the 1960s, has been systemized so far, and the problems to be solved are estimated to take another 40 years. In contrast, the "new concepts", "new ideas" and "new theories" of landscape architecture that have been completed within several years are just too hurried and academically deformed in today's material impetuous era. At best, they are "doing an application question based on existing theories", and the so-called innovation is just "repetition" and "copying".

Everyone who is interested in landscape architecture research needs a long-term plan of at least 30 years: in the first 10 years of starting, making clear the research field and main direction, including 2.5 years of Master study, 3-5 years of doctoral study, and 2-3 years of NSFC projects or independent research projects, and the expected result is to enter the frontier of the field; in the second 10-year development period, presiding and completing 2-3 national-level research projects, and formed a stable team of echelons, deep research in this field, and cultivating successors, and the expected result is an important breakthrough innovation; in the third 10 years of maturity, presiding and completing national key and major scientific research projects, taking the overall leading place or being unique in this field.Coupled with the impact such as the general background environment, group relations, and unforeseen factors, 30 years to realize the planning is fortunate, 40 years is normal, and the key is to persist and continue.

It is a general trend for scientific research groups to work together to solve complex problems. In the future, landscape architecture research needs the group wisdom. The literary style of "single fight", "a cup of tea, a few books, and dozens of references" has been outdated. Facing the challenges of the future, landscape architecture research especially needs group, transboundary and cross-border cooperation. Among them, our individual is just "a drop in the ocean". In the face of the future of landscape architecture research, the individual's life and energy is limited, while the group is likely to continue and be infinite. Collecting the power of individuals, forming the potential of the group, correcting the fame and fortune relationship of the two, clarifying the positioning of "respecting the predecessors" and "serving as the link between the past and the future", and eyeing the larger pattern, it is possible to make achievements in the vast field of landscape architecture research in the future.

At the beginning of the New Year of 2019, facing the great development trend of Chinese landscape architecture research, the heavy responsibility falls on everyone's shoulders, and especially on the younger generation. I wish more seniors to care for the growth of young people, and look forward to the blossoming and fruitful achievements of the Chinese landscape architecture research community.