教學(xué)考試雜志社“優(yōu)師計劃”階段性成果展示
——語法填空相關(guān)試題選登

Passage 1

All of the employees in my company helped to raise money for a girl who worked as a front office worker.A few weeks ago she 61(tell)by her doctor she got brain tumor.

She is from a not 62(wealth)family,and she 63(lose)her father while she was studying in 6th grade.Now she is the single parent of 64 8-year-old daughter and there is no one to look after her kid.Being the single bread-earner,it is very difficult for her family 65(pay)for the expenses of her treatment.Her monthly income only adds up 66 INR.12 000.($ 200)and her treatment cost is INR.1 000 000($ 16 000).

When we came to know her disease,we wanted to help her,so we decided to contribute from all the employees’ 67(salary).The employees from my company had each paid 2 days salary for her medical expenses,and many people had 68(generous)donated for her treatment.From our company,we have raised about INR.80 000($ 1 333 approx.)for her expenses.

Now she is back from the hospital and her health is getting 69(good)day by day.She was very thankful to all the people 70 had helped for her medical treatment.

Passage 1 解析

【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了作者公司前臺的女孩被診斷患了疾病，家境不太富裕，于是整個公司為她捐款的事情。

61.【答案】was told

【考查角度】考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。

【解題分析】根據(jù)本句的時間狀語“A few weeks ago”可知，敘述幾周前的事情用一般過去時；主語“she”和tell 之間是被動關(guān)系，故用一般過去時的被動形式。

62.【答案】wealthy

【考查角度】考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。

【解題分析】修飾后面的名詞“family”，應(yīng)用形容詞作定語。

63.【答案】lost

【考查角度】考查動詞的時態(tài)。

【解題分析】根據(jù)時間狀語從句“while she was studying in 6th grade”可知，敘述過去的事情用一般過去時。

64.【答案】an

【考查角度】考查冠詞的用法。

【解題分析】此處是泛指概念，用不定冠詞；8-year-old是讀音以元音音素開頭的單詞。故用冠詞an。

65.【答案】to pay

【考查角度】考查非謂語動詞。

【解題分析】本句是it 作形式主語。故用不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作真正的主語。

66.【答案】to

【考查角度】考查短語搭配。

【解題分析】add up to 是常用短語，意為“加起來達(dá)到……”。

【知識延伸】

add up,add to,add up to 辨析

add up：加起來

add to：增添，增加，增進(jìn)

add up to...：總共達(dá)……，加起來達(dá)到……。該短語不用于被動語態(tài)

67.【答案】salaries

【考查角度】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。

【解題分析】根據(jù)本句中的“all the employees’”可知，此處指所有員工的工資，是復(fù)數(shù)概念，故用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

68.【答案】generously

【考查角度】考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。

【解題分析】修飾謂語動詞作狀語，用副詞形式。

69.【答案】better

【考查角度】考查形容詞的比較等級。

【解題分析】根據(jù)本句中的“day by day”及語境可知，她的身體一天比一天好，是暗含的比較級。故用better。

70.【答案】who

【考查角度】考查定語從句。

【解題分析】先行詞是people，后面的定語從句少主語，故用引導(dǎo)詞who。

【知識延伸】定語從句解題技巧：（1）在解題過程中，首先要正確判斷是不是定語從句，若是疑問句要將其恢復(fù)為陳述句，尤其注意標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號和是否已有并列連詞（如but,and）和從屬連詞（如if,when），還要注意是否是強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。（2）在確定是定語從句后，就要找準(zhǔn)先行詞，看它是指人還是指物，是時間還是地點(diǎn)。（3）要弄清先行詞在定語從句中作什么成分。最后，再根據(jù)關(guān)系詞各自的用法特點(diǎn)去確定恰當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞。

【長難句分析】All of the employees in my company helped to raise money for a girl who worked as a front office worker.（第一段第一句）

分析：本句中包含了一個定語從句“who worked as a front office worker”，修飾和限制先行詞a girl。

譯文：我公司的所有員工都在幫助一名在前臺工作的女孩籌款。

詞匯積累：employee n.雇員，職工expense n.費(fèi)用，花費(fèi)treatment n.治療 contribute v.奉獻(xiàn)，捐獻(xiàn)

Passage 2

Modern people are paying more attention to exercise,while in ancient China there were also many 61(fit)lovers.

The great poet Su Dongpo, 62(prefer)to take long runs,and he thought that only by moving your body 63(regular)could you have a strong body and adapt to the seasonal changes quickly.

In a letter to one of his 64(friend),Su Dongpo talked about his exercising habit, 65 was to run five kilometers per day.He would slow down when he breathed hard,and sped up when his breath balanced.Su Dongpo would run until he was sweaty,hot,blood circulating and limbs(手足)feeling refreshed.

We can see that when Su 66(run),he stressed“qi”,which means“energy”or“the essence of life”.Su was a fan of qigong, 67 system of deep breathing.He ran in the morning and sat in deep thought at night, 68(make)qi flow inside his body.After meditating(靜修)for nearly 20 days,he felt his body was much 69(strong)and could run from the first floor to the fifth 70 resting in the middle.He believed that by practicing this way,he could live longer.

Passage 2 解析

【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文，介紹了蘇東坡不僅是著名的文學(xué)家，也是一位運(yùn)動達(dá)人。

61.【答案】fitness

【考查角度】考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。

【解題分析】此處應(yīng)用fitness 這一名詞作定語，修飾名詞“l(fā)overs”，意為“健康愛好者”。

62.【答案】preferred

【考查角度】考查動詞的時態(tài)。

【解題分析】此處描述過去發(fā)生的事情，且根據(jù)并列句中的謂語“thought”可知，應(yīng)用一般過去時。

63.【答案】regularly

【考查角度】考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。

【解題分析】此處應(yīng)用副詞形式修飾動詞“moving”。

64.【答案】friends

【考查角度】考查名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。

【解題分析】根據(jù)語法常識可知，“one of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”是常見表達(dá)形式，意為“……之一”。

65.【答案】which

【考查角度】考查定語從句。

【解題分析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which 引導(dǎo)定語從句，指代exercising habit。

66.【答案】was running

【考查角度】考查動詞的時態(tài)。

【解題分析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這是連詞when 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，此處強(qiáng)調(diào)情景，表示“當(dāng)……時”，所以要用過去進(jìn)行時。

67.【答案】a

【考查角度】考查冠詞。

【解題分析】此處用不定冠詞a 表示泛指。句意為：蘇東坡是氣功迷，這是一種深呼吸系統(tǒng)。

68.【答案】making

【考查角度】考查非謂語動詞。

【解題分析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，前半句中“ran”和“sat”是謂語動詞，且動詞make 與主語“He”之間存在邏輯上的主動關(guān)系，所以此處要用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。

69.【答案】stronger

【考查角度】考查形容詞的比較等級。

【解題分析】此處表示在靜修了將近二十天后，他感覺自己的身體變得更強(qiáng)壯了，根據(jù)“much”可知應(yīng)用strong 的比較級。

70.【答案】without

【考查角度】考查介詞。

【解題分析】根據(jù)語境及空格后的“resting in the middle”可知，此處表示蘇東坡在靜修了將近二十天后，他感覺自己的身體變得更強(qiáng)壯了，而且能夠從一樓跑上五樓，中途不需要歇息，所以應(yīng)該用介詞without。

【亮點(diǎn)句積累】In a letter to one of his friends,Su Dongpo talked about his exercising habit,which was to run five kilometers per day.（第三段第一句）

譯文：在他給一個朋友寫的信中，蘇東坡談起了他的運(yùn)動習(xí)慣，就是每天跑步5 千米。

詞匯積累：attention n.注意力 adapt v.適應(yīng)

essence n.本質(zhì)

Passage 3

You won’t be able to control everything your teens do when they drive, 61 you can teach them about the importance of safety.Show them how to lock their 62(door),as this could ensure their safety when pulling out of a dark parking lot or stopping at a red light.Teach them how to buy 63 safe car.Make sure your teens know that if they don’t put down their phones and stop fiddling with(擺弄)the radio while they drive,they could be seriously injured or worse.Teenagers tend to think of 64(they)as invincible(無敵的),but if you gently explain the risks of not focusing on the road,they may decide to quit this dangerous habit.

You need to show that you’re 65(confidence)in your teen’s driving skills,even if it 66(frighten)you.If you react every time they speed up too fast or hit the brakes too hard,you’ll cause them 67(lose)confidence in their own driving abilities.Insecure drivers can be very dangerous,particularly 68 high traffic situations.Instead of shouting and stressing as your teens learn to drive,try your best to speak 69(calm).They’ll respond much 70(good)to quiet comments than harsh(嚴(yán)厲的)words.

Passage 3 解析

【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。作為家長，應(yīng)該指導(dǎo)自己的孩子安全駕駛，應(yīng)該讓孩子知道駕駛中需要注意到的不良習(xí)慣。

61.【答案】but

【考查角度】考查連詞。

【解題分析】空格前后兩個句子有明顯的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，因此應(yīng)該填but。句意為：你不能控制青少年開車時所做的一切，但你可以教會他們安全的重要性。

62.【答案】doors

【考查角度】考查名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。

【解題分析】根據(jù)“their”可知，此處應(yīng)用名詞復(fù)數(shù)。

63.【答案】a

【考查角度】考查冠詞。

【解題分析】此處泛指一輛安全的汽車；safe 是讀音以輔音音素開頭的單詞，應(yīng)用不定冠詞a。

64.【答案】themselves

【考查角度】考查代詞。

【解題分析】句意為：青少年常常認(rèn)為他們自己是無敵的……句子的主語和賓語是相同的人，因此應(yīng)該用反身代詞作賓語。

65.【答案】confident

【考查角度】考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。

【解題分析】根據(jù)空格前面的“you’re”可知，應(yīng)用形容詞confident 作表語。

66.【答案】frightens

【考查角度】考查動詞的時態(tài)和主謂一致。

【解題分析】even if 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，從句中應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來，且主語是it。故應(yīng)用frightens。

【解題關(guān)鍵】時間狀語從句、條件狀語從句、讓步狀語從句和“越……，越……”句型中，應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來概念，如果不知道這個原則則很容易誤寫成will frighten。

67.【答案】to lose

【考查角度】考查非謂語動詞。

【解題分析】cause sb.to do sth.意為“使某人做某事”，為固定搭配。

68.【答案】in

【考查角度】考查介詞。

【解題分析】in...situation 意為“在……的情境中”，故此處應(yīng)用介詞in。

69.【答案】calmly

【考查角度】考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。

【解題分析】空格處修飾動詞“speak”，應(yīng)用副詞。

70.【答案】better

【考查角度】考查副詞的比較等級。

【解題分析】根據(jù)空格前面的“much”可知，此處應(yīng)用副詞的比較級。

【長難句分析】If you react every time they speed up too fast or hit the brakes too hard,you’ll cause them to lose confidence in their own driving abilities.（第二段第二句）

分析：這是一個主從復(fù)合句。if 引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句；every time 引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。

譯文：如果他們每次加速太快或剎車過猛你都做出反應(yīng)，你會使他們對自己的駕駛能力失去信心。

詞匯積累：safety n.安全seriously adv.嚴(yán)重地

risk n.危險，風(fēng)險

insecure adj.不安全的，不穩(wěn)固的，不可靠的

particularly adv.特別，尤其