KPF訪談

1、KPF的許多設(shè)計(jì)作品都成為了全球各大城市的天際線，請問KPF是如何看待超高層建筑對城市的影響？

一個(gè)城市的天際線代表了一個(gè)城市的身份，在我們所有的設(shè)計(jì)中都要仔細(xì)考慮。在給城市增添特色和構(gòu)建項(xiàng)目之外，還要慎重且懷有敬意地對待建筑物由外到內(nèi)和由內(nèi)到外的視覺。我們在各個(gè)層面關(guān)注與公眾的積極互動，因此我們設(shè)計(jì)的塔樓毫無例外地在頂部留有一個(gè)公共空間，此外，我們還強(qiáng)調(diào)建筑滿足街道水平面和影響行人體驗(yàn)的方式。

2、面對與歐美國家地區(qū)完全不同的歷史脈絡(luò)、文化背景和城市環(huán)境，KPF是如何完成在中國的實(shí)踐呢？

自1994年我們在中國開工以來，從多功能開發(fā)項(xiàng)目到新社區(qū)總體規(guī)劃，KPF已在中國取得了巨大成功。在中國的實(shí)踐中，我們注重質(zhì)量和長期可持續(xù)性。我們謹(jǐn)慎地選擇為那些在建設(shè)杰出項(xiàng)目方面與我們志趣相投的客戶提供服務(wù)，為城市肌理做出重大而突出的貢獻(xiàn)。我們在上海和香港擁有自己的辦事處，并與項(xiàng)目當(dāng)?shù)卦O(shè)計(jì)單位密切合作，以實(shí)現(xiàn)這些抱負(fù)。

3、深圳平安金融中心成為2017年世界建成的最高建筑，在整個(gè)項(xiàng)目的推進(jìn)過程中有什么值得與我們分享的故事嗎？

除了能源與環(huán)境設(shè)計(jì)先鋒獎金牌預(yù)認(rèn)證外，深圳平安金融中心對臺風(fēng)和閃電的應(yīng)對在本質(zhì)上是基于塔的形式和外觀。為減輕風(fēng)力影響，塔身的形式應(yīng)對氣流的影響：錐形輪廓和切角對作用在塔身風(fēng)荷的減少高達(dá)40%。為了防止雷擊，立面采用了V形不銹鋼柱，這些柱連接在一起形成了一個(gè)保護(hù)網(wǎng)，驅(qū)散雷擊，將其無害導(dǎo)入大地。

4、能談?wù)勆鷳B(tài)設(shè)計(jì)和可持續(xù)設(shè)計(jì)在KPF作品中的利用嗎？

KPF既要對城市居民負(fù)責(zé)，也要對城市本身負(fù)責(zé)。在我們的環(huán)境設(shè)計(jì)過程中，我們考慮了許多變量，包括項(xiàng)目中自然采光和自然通風(fēng)效果，以及它們對周圍現(xiàn)有建筑的影響。

我們用切實(shí)的依據(jù)來支撐我們的決策，并且依靠與性能相關(guān)的數(shù)據(jù)來給客戶傳遞我們的想法。我們重視可衡量的、以人為中心的指標(biāo)，而不是可持續(xù)性評級和認(rèn)證。我們擁有一個(gè)內(nèi)部團(tuán)隊(duì)，專注于設(shè)計(jì)和構(gòu)建適合我們設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)工作流程的專有模擬工具。我們還將機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)、AR/VR和社交媒體等新領(lǐng)域融入到我們的設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)踐中?？傊?，這些舉措是我們對內(nèi)部、客戶和公眾數(shù)據(jù)表達(dá)方式的創(chuàng)新。

5、除了超高層建筑的矚目，KPF在城市綜合體設(shè)計(jì)方面也備受關(guān)注，KPF 認(rèn)為城市綜合體在整個(gè)城市和地區(qū)扮演怎樣的角色呢？

多功能城市綜合體提供不僅創(chuàng)造美麗、高效的建筑，而且創(chuàng)造完整公共領(lǐng)域的機(jī)會。在曼哈頓西區(qū)，哈德遜園區(qū)28英畝的開發(fā)項(xiàng)目有一半被用于公園和公共集會空間。在新加坡，濱海灣金融中心既是建筑本身，也是建筑物之間的空間。這兩個(gè)項(xiàng)目均為穿過綜合體的各種項(xiàng)目的人們創(chuàng)造會面和互動的場所，從而帶來趣味性。

6、在結(jié)構(gòu)和技術(shù)方面，KPF最近進(jìn)行了哪些創(chuàng)新性實(shí)踐呢？

KPFui（KPF城市界面）是公司內(nèi)部的一個(gè)研究和設(shè)計(jì)部門，參與解決影響建筑和城市未來的當(dāng)代問題。他們致力于純粹的應(yīng)用研究，其專有軟件使得關(guān)鍵建筑指標(biāo)的實(shí)時(shí)可視化和優(yōu)化成為可能。通過允許設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)定量和高效地比較分區(qū)、視圖、太陽路徑、行人流量或公共空間等參數(shù)，我們的流程可以使我們的決策更快、更明智。

7、能談?wù)凨PF作品中細(xì)部構(gòu)造對建筑整體性的作用和意義嗎？

在以推理比較為主的設(shè)計(jì)流程精神的鼓舞下，我們的建筑師在“大概念”上持續(xù)不斷地彼此挑戰(zhàn)，雄心勃勃，同時(shí)在每個(gè)重大決定上仍然考慮周到。這種對細(xì)節(jié)的關(guān)注貫穿在公司的精神中：其早期實(shí)踐的一個(gè)宗旨是，大的建筑尺度上表現(xiàn)出的精巧性也常在小尺度上體現(xiàn)。每一個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)都融入從微觀到宏觀，從單個(gè)瓷磚到項(xiàng)目整體結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)化的形式和物質(zhì)姿態(tài)。然而，在實(shí)踐中，這一承諾只有以細(xì)部特征的持久性為前提下才重要。因此，KPF確保設(shè)計(jì)的作品擁有持久的物理壽命，并有助于周圍的建筑環(huán)境。

8、在這個(gè)多元化的建筑市場里，KPF獨(dú)有的優(yōu)勢是什么？

KPF在全球各地設(shè)有辦事處，為我們的客戶提供24小時(shí)的全球員工服務(wù)；以及在當(dāng)今市場中提供一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的預(yù)期，使我們的項(xiàng)目能夠更快推進(jìn)。此外，自從開始在國外從事國際項(xiàng)目工作以來，我們已經(jīng)執(zhí)行了與當(dāng)?shù)貓F(tuán)隊(duì)合作的機(jī)制。在一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)組織架構(gòu)中一起工作，而在其他時(shí)候劃分工作范圍，我們各自的能力和專業(yè)知識得以最大化。從這個(gè)意義上說，我們的流程非常注重協(xié)作和協(xié)調(diào)，以此穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)各個(gè)項(xiàng)目。

9、未來KPF將面對的挑戰(zhàn)是什么？

隨著技術(shù)的進(jìn)步，人們的期望值往往會提高，耐心也會降低。在建筑領(lǐng)域，這產(chǎn)生了一種商品化的效果。在走過充滿華而不實(shí)的形式和“明星建筑師”的時(shí)代時(shí)，KPF始終如一，忠于我們的使命：建筑是一門工藝，盡管技術(shù)和商業(yè)在任何現(xiàn)代企業(yè)中都扮演著關(guān)鍵的角色，但細(xì)節(jié)和設(shè)計(jì)的基本藝術(shù)仍然是我們實(shí)踐的核心。

1. Many of KPF's design works have become the skyline of major cities in the world. How does KPF see the impact of super high-rise buildings on the city?

A city’s skyline represents the identity of a city and is carefully considered in all of our designs. Views to and from the building are dealt with deliberately and with respect, while adding character to the city and establishing presence for the project.We focus on a positive interaction with the public at all levels: our towers have,without exception, a public space at the top, and we put equal emphasis on the way our buildings meet the street level and effect the pedestrian experience.

2. In the face of the historical context, cultural background and urban environment that are compIeteIy different from those in Europe and the United States, how did KPF complete (initiate/further?) its practice in China?

From mixed-use developments to master planning for new communities, KPF has seen great success in China since we began working there in 1994. In establishing our Chinese practice, we focused on quality and long-term sustainability. We have carefully chosen to work for clients who share our aspirations in building outstanding projects that make significant and sensitive contributions to the urban fabric, and we fulfil these ambitions with our own office in Shanghai & Hong Kong and close collaboration with LDI’s.

3. Shenzhen Ping An Finance Center became the tallest building built in 2017 in the world. Is there anything worth sharing with us during the entire project's progress?

In addition to its LEED Gold Pre-Certification, PACF’s response to typhoon and lightning are intrinsic to the form and facade of the tower. To mitigate wind effects,the tower adopts an aerodynamic form: the tapering silhouette and profiled corners reduce the wind loads acting on the tower as much as forty percent. To protect from lightning, the facade features V-shaped, stainless steel piers, which are wired together to form a protective net, dissipating lightning strikes harmlessly to the ground.

4. Can you talk about the use of ecological design and sustainable design in KPF works?

KPF upholds its responsibility to both the city dweller and the cities themselves. In our environmental design process we consider many variables including the effects of natural light access and natural ventilation in our projects, as well as their impact on existing surrounding buildings.

We support our decisions with evidence-based design, and rely on performance data when communicating ideas to our clients. We value measurable, humancentered metrics more than sustainability ratings and certifications. We have an inhouse team focused on designing and building proprietary simulation tools fitted to our design teams’ work flows. We also incorporate the new fields of machine learning, AR/VR, and social media into our design practice. Together these initiatives are an innovation in the way that we represent our data internally, to our clients, and to the public.

5. In addition to the attention of super high-rise buildings, KPF has also received much attention in the design of urban complexes. What role does KPF think of urban complexes in cities and regions?

Mixed-use urban complexes offer the opportunity to create not just beautiful, efficient buildings, but a fully integrated public realm. On Manhattan’s west side, half of the 28 acre Hudson Yards development is given to park and public gathering space. In Singapore, the Marina Bay Financial Center is as much about the spaces between the buildings as the buildings themselves. Both of these projects generate excitement by creating places for people to meet and interact spontaneously as they move through the varied programs of the complex.

6. What innovative practices have KPF done recently in terms of structure and technology?

KPFui (KPF Urban Interface) is a research and design wing within the firm that engages with the contemporary issues that impact the future of our buildings and cities.Dedicated to both pure and applied research, their proprietary software enables the real time visualization and optimization of key building metrics. By allowing the design team to quantitatively and efficiently compare parameters such as zoning, views, sun paths,pedestrian circulation, or public space, our process allows for faster and more informed decision making.

7. What is the role and meaning of details to the overall KPF building projects?

Encouraged by the spirit of the comparative design process, our architects continuously challenge each other to be ambitious in their “big ideas” while still considerate of every material decision. This attention to detail pervades the firm’s ethos: a tenet of its early practice was that large buildings express the intricacies often reserved for smaller structures. Every design incorporates formal and material gestures that translate from micro to macro scales, from the individual tile to overall form of the project. Yet in practice, this pledge only matters if every feature lasts. Therefore, KPF ensures that our work achieves physical longevity and contributes to the surrounding built environment.

8. What are the unique advantages of KPF in this diversi fied construction market?

With offices around the world, KPF offers a global and 24-hour workforce to our clients; a standard expectation in today’s market that allows our projects to progress much more quickly. In addition, since the very beginning of working abroad on international projects, we have implemented the system of cooperating with local offices. Working together in a team structure, while at other times dividing the scope of work, we are able to maximize our respective capabilities and expertise. In this sense,our process is very much about collaboration and coordination in order to keep the projects in near constant motion.

9. What are the challenges that the KPF will face in the future?

With technological advancement often comes raised expectations and reduced patience. In architecture, this has had a sort of commoditizing effect. As we continue to go through eras of exuberant forms and “starchitects,” KPF has stayed consistent and true to our mission: architecture is a craft, and while technology and commerce play a pivotal role in any modern firm, the fundamental art of detail and design remains central to our practice.

(Photo Credits: Erica Moff fit p6, 7; John Chu p6)