情態(tài)動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)考點(diǎn)例析

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人的情感、態(tài)度等。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身詞義不完全，須與其他動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。高考常從下列幾方面對(duì)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行考查。

一、考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must/cant+have done 句式的推測(cè)

肯定句用must/may/might+have done句式進(jìn)行推測(cè)，“肯定（可能）做了……”；否定句用cant/couldnt have done句式，“不可能做了……”，該句式是對(duì)已發(fā)生過(guò)的事情的推測(cè)。對(duì)現(xiàn)在或一般情況的推測(cè)用must/might/may/cant+be，be doing句式。對(duì)該類結(jié)構(gòu)的反意疑問(wèn)句也是考查的重點(diǎn)。

【經(jīng)典考題】

1.-I left my handbag on the train， but luckily someone gave it toa railway official.

-How unbelievable to get it back！ I mean， someone _____ it.

A.will have stolen

B.might have stolen

C.should have stolen

D.must have stolen

2.-I spent two weeks in London last summer.

-Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay， _____ you？

A.mustnt

B.havent

C.didnt

D.hadnt

【解析】

1.B。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，“你錢包找到了真難以置信！我意思是，可能被人偷走了”。

2.C。該句與：You visited the British Museum during your stay， didnt you？的附加疑問(wèn)句相同。例如：It must have rained last night， didnt it？（對(duì)過(guò)去推測(cè)）

He must have been to Los Angles， hasnt he？（對(duì)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)推測(cè)）

He must have finished the work by the end of last week， hadnt he？（對(duì)過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)推測(cè)）

He must have finished the work by the end of next week， wont he？（對(duì)將來(lái)完成時(shí)態(tài)推測(cè)）

He must be （studying） in the classroom now， isnt he？（對(duì)現(xiàn)在的推測(cè)）

二、考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 should（nt）/could/neednt+have done等句式的不同內(nèi)涵

should/ought to have done本該做某事（事實(shí)上沒(méi)做），含有責(zé)備的語(yǔ)氣。

shouldnt/oughtnt to have done本不該做某事（事實(shí)上做了），含有責(zé)備的語(yǔ)氣。

might/could have done本可以做某事（事實(shí)上沒(méi)做），語(yǔ)氣里含溫和的責(zé)備，但沒(méi)有shouldhave done責(zé)備語(yǔ)氣重，如題1。

neednt have done本來(lái)沒(méi)有必要做某事（事實(shí)上做了），而didnt need to do sth 則表示沒(méi)有必要做某事（此事過(guò)去也沒(méi)做），如題2。

【經(jīng)典考題】

1.We _____ the difficulty together， but why didnt you tell me？

A.should face

B.might face

C.could have faced

D.must have faced

2. We ______ have bought so much food now that Suzie wont be with us fordinner.

A.may not

B.neednt

C.cant

D.mustnt

【答案】1.A 2.B

三、對(duì)重點(diǎn)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 can/could，may/might，must，shall，should，will/would 等的考查

（一）can

1.can表示理論上的可能性，即從理論上分析是可能的，但實(shí)際未必會(huì)發(fā)生，常譯成“有時(shí)候會(huì)”，如題1。

2.can（could）在疑問(wèn)句或否定句中表示驚異、懷疑、不相信等語(yǔ)氣，如題2。

【經(jīng)典考題】

1.It is usually warm in my hometown in March， but it____be rather cold sometimes.

A.must

B.can

C.should

D.would

2.My book， The House of Ha/es， is missing. Who _____ have taken it？

A.need

B.must

C.should

D.could

【答案】1.B 2.D

（二）must

must可以表示說(shuō)話人不耐煩的語(yǔ)氣，“偏偏”，常指不愉快的事情，如下題。

【經(jīng)典考題】

- _____ you interrupt now？ Cant you see Im on the phone？

-Sorry Sir， but its urgent.

A.Can

B.Should

C.Must

D.Would

【答案】C

（三）shall

1.表示法律、條約、協(xié)定等中的義務(wù)、規(guī)定，“應(yīng)該……，須……，得……”，如題1。

2.表示允諾，如題2。

【經(jīng)典考題】

1.One of our rules is that every student _____ wear schooluniform while at school.

A.might

B.could

C.shall

D.will

2.-Will you read me a story， Mummy？

-OK. You _____ have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.

A.might

B.must

C.could

D.shall

【答案】1.C 2.D

（四）should

should可以表示一種吃涼、驚奇、遺憾等語(yǔ)氣，“竟然”，如下題。

【經(jīng)典考題】

It was sad to me that they， so poor themselves， _____ bringme food.

A.might

B.would

C.should

D.could

【答案】C

（五）will/would

will/would可以表示主語(yǔ)的意愿、意志。用于非人主語(yǔ)時(shí)，表示事物自然的屬性，表示固有的性質(zhì)、傾向、功能等（如下題）。

The door wont /wouldnt lock.這門不好鎖。

The bus wouldnt move， however hard we pushed.不管我們?cè)趺从昧ν?，汽車就是不?dòng)。

【經(jīng)典考題】

The door _____ open， no matter how hard she pushed.

A.shouldnt

B.couldnt

C.wouldnt

D.mightnt

【答案】C