教育史上的五位名師

缺少了合適的老師，根本談不上教育。好的老師懂得如何啟發(fā)學(xué)生思維，激發(fā)學(xué)生對(duì)某學(xué)科的興趣。

也許每個(gè)人心中都有自己最喜歡的老師，在教師節(jié)到來(lái)之際，我們來(lái)看看外國(guó)一些著名的教育者，看看他們對(duì)教育產(chǎn)生了哪些重要影響。

Just by the nature of their work， teachers are in a position to profoundly[深刻地] impact[影響] the students they teach. There are probably one or more teachers from your past that helped， encouraged or even inspired you.

Here， we look at five famous teachers from history that changed the landscape[前景] of education.

Best Known Teaching Role：Mathematics[數(shù)學(xué)] teacher at East Los Angeles-based Garfield High School

How He Changed Education：Students at Garfield High School were historically poor performers when it came to mathematics coursework. But after Escalante became a math teacher there in 1974， he helped record numbers of Garfield students pass the Advanced Placement（AP） Calculus[微積分學(xué)] exam. The best known portrayal[描繪] of this story of student success is the 1988 film Stand and Deliver.

Best Known Teaching Role：Professor at Londonbased Oxford University

How He Changed Education：As a lover and learner of ancient mythology[神話] and philosophy[哲學(xué)]， Lewis was heavily influenced[影響] by fellow Oxford professor and The Hobbit author， J.R.R. Tolkien. Lewis continues to inspire generations long after his passing[去世]， with works such as Mere Christianity， The Screwtape Letters and The Chronicles of Narnia.

Best Known Teaching Role：Teacher at several New York City-based schools

How He Changed Education：Not only did McCourt impact several students throughout his various[各種各樣的] teaching positions in New York City， but he also inspired students after the publication of his best-selling memoir， Angelas Ashes. Books that followed include Tis and Teacher Man.

Best Known Teaching Role：Teacher of Helen Keller

How She Changed Education：As a visually[在視覺(jué)上] impaired[受損的] teacher herself， Sullivan was hired to teach the deaf and blind Helen Keller to communicate[溝通] with those who are able to hear and see. She went on to work with Keller for the next 49 years before her death in 1936. The best known portrayal of this story is in the Academy Award-winning film， The Miracle Worker.

Best Known Teaching Role：Taught in several one-room schoolhouses throughout Minnesota

How She Changed Education： Despite not graduating high school， Wilder became a teacher at the age of 15 and taught three terms before marrying in 1885. Her short-lived youth and the challenges she and her family faced in the American Midwest in the 1880s have been documented[用文件等記錄](méi) in books and television shows including Little House on the Prairie， Little House in the Big Woods and On the Banks of Plum Creek.

由于其工作性質(zhì)，教師必然會(huì)對(duì)其所教的學(xué)生產(chǎn)生深刻的影響。在以前教過(guò)你的老師之中，可能就有不止一位老師曾經(jīng)幫助、鼓勵(lì)，甚至啟發(fā)過(guò)你。

現(xiàn)在，我們就來(lái)看看歷史上改變了教育面貌的五位名師。

知名教職：美國(guó)東洛杉磯加菲爾德高中數(shù)學(xué)老師

教育成就：加菲爾德高中的學(xué)生素來(lái)數(shù)學(xué)成績(jī)欠佳，但自1974年埃斯卡蘭特成為該校的數(shù)學(xué)老師后，在他的幫助下，通過(guò)大學(xué)先修課程微積分考試的學(xué)生人數(shù)創(chuàng)了該校的歷史新高。關(guān)于這個(gè)學(xué)生成功故事的最著名的寫照，就是1988年的電影《為人師表》。

知名教職：倫敦牛津大學(xué)教授

教育成就：身為古代神話和哲學(xué)的愛(ài)好者與學(xué)習(xí)者，劉易斯深受同為牛津大學(xué)教授、《霍比特人》的作者J.R.R. 托爾金的影響。劉易斯辭世之后，其作品如《返璞歸真》、《地獄來(lái)鴻》及《納尼亞傳奇》等仍然激勵(lì)著后人。

知名教職：紐約市數(shù)所學(xué)校的教師

教育成就：在幾所紐約學(xué)校擔(dān)任過(guò)各種教職的麥考特不僅影響了這些學(xué)校的一些學(xué)生，他的暢銷回憶錄《安琪拉的灰燼》也給學(xué)生帶來(lái)許多啟發(fā)。其后出版的圖書包括《就是這兒》和《教書匠》。

知名教職：海倫·凱勒的老師

教育成就：本身亦有視覺(jué)障礙的沙利文被聘為聾啞盲人海倫·凱勒的老師，教她學(xué)習(xí)如何與視覺(jué)聽力正常的人溝通。在此后49年，直到1936年去世之前，沙利文一直與海倫·凱勒一起工作。奧斯卡獲獎(jiǎng)電影《奇跡的締造者》便是對(duì)這個(gè)故事最著名的描繪。

知名教職：曾任教于明尼蘇達(dá)州數(shù)所單間校舍

教育成就：盡管懷爾德連高中都沒(méi)有畢業(yè)，但她仍在15歲時(shí)成了一名教師。到1885年結(jié)婚之前，她已任教三個(gè)學(xué)期。她短暫的青春以及19世紀(jì)80年代她與家人在美國(guó)中西部面臨的挑戰(zhàn)被記錄在一些書籍和電視節(jié)目中，其中包括《草原小屋》、《大森林里的小屋》及《小屋在河邊》。