朱敏
筆者從2015年開(kāi)始一直從事高三英語(yǔ)教學(xué),并且分別于2017年和2018年參加高考英語(yǔ)作文評(píng)卷工作,對(duì)于指導(dǎo)學(xué)生如何寫(xiě)出一篇高分乃至滿(mǎn)分英語(yǔ)作文積累了一定的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。本文將通過(guò)展示具體的寫(xiě)作模式和給出相應(yīng)的寫(xiě)作范例,對(duì)書(shū)信體作文的開(kāi)頭、主體段和結(jié)尾段的寫(xiě)作技巧進(jìn)行探討,以幫助廣大考生提高英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作水平。
寫(xiě)作模式
首先,好的開(kāi)始是成功的一半。
書(shū)信體作文的開(kāi)頭段一定要展示精彩的語(yǔ)言表達(dá),吸引評(píng)卷老師的眼球。開(kāi)頭段的功能就是點(diǎn)明寫(xiě)作目的,同時(shí)考慮是否需要進(jìn)行自我介紹。以下是幾種不錯(cuò)的開(kāi)頭句或一些點(diǎn)明寫(xiě)作目的時(shí)可能用得上的短語(yǔ):
1. 自我介紹
如果相互不熟,需要自我介紹。可參考以下句式:
I am Li Hua, a senior three student from China / chairman of the Students Union.
I am Li Hua, a senior three student who would like to do sth/feels it a great honor to do sth.
2. 吸引眼球的寫(xiě)作目的
More than delighted to learn that you... , Im writing to... /in the hope that...
Words fail to convey my... when news comes that... . I am writing to... /in the hope that...
Knowing from...that... , I am writing to... /in the hope that...
3. I am writing to... 后可能使用的短語(yǔ)
(1)offer some advice/suggestions about...(提供關(guān)于……的建議)
(2)ask for your help(請(qǐng)求幫助)
(3)do you a favor(幫你)
(4)ask for further/specific/detailed information(詢(xún)問(wèn)進(jìn)一步/具體的/詳細(xì)的信息)
(5)recommend sth(推薦某物)
(6)make a brief introduction to...(簡(jiǎn)單介紹)
(7)apply for the job/post;apply to join you(申請(qǐng)得到崗位;申請(qǐng)加入你們)
(8)apologize(to sb)for(doing)sth(因?yàn)槟呈孪蚰橙说狼福?/p>
(9)complain (to sb) about...(向某人投訴什么)
(10)congratulatesb on(doing)sth.(祝賀某人某事)
然后,中間主體段可視題目要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分層表述。
段首句進(jìn)行總括,接下來(lái)分兩點(diǎn)或者三點(diǎn)分層表達(dá)。這樣寫(xiě)的目的一則使主體段結(jié)構(gòu)清晰和層次分明;二則可以讓主體段的上下文聯(lián)系緊密,要點(diǎn)表達(dá)自然順暢。具體語(yǔ)句展示如下:
總括句:Below are the details / reasons / suggestions / detailed requirements...
分兩層:For one thing,.... For another, ... .
分三層:Above all/To begin with,.... Besides/In addition, ... Eventually/Last but not least, ... .
注意:Below is the detailed information you need to provide. (需要對(duì)方提供信息)
Below is the detailed information I would like to provide.(提供信息給對(duì)方)
最后,結(jié)尾段的書(shū)寫(xiě)必須視題目交代的寫(xiě)作目的而定,注意與首段呼應(yīng)。例如,如果是求助信,就務(wù)必感謝對(duì)方;如果是建議信,就要請(qǐng)求對(duì)方考慮自己的建議。
1.求助信,表示感謝。
I would fully appreciate it if you could ... . Looking forward to your early reply!
2.其他信,不用感謝。
It is my sincere hope that you will ... . Your prompt attention to my writing will be highly appreciated!
3.不超字?jǐn)?shù),可以寫(xiě)。
If you have any question, do feel free to ask me.
范例展示
2018年全國(guó)I卷英語(yǔ)作文范例展示:
假定你是李華,你的新西蘭朋友Terry將去中國(guó)朋友家做客,發(fā)郵件向你詢(xún)問(wèn)有關(guān)習(xí)俗。請(qǐng)你回復(fù)郵件,內(nèi)容包括:
1. 到達(dá)時(shí)間;
2. 合適的禮物;
3. 餐桌禮儀。
注意:
1. 詞數(shù)100左右;
2. 可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié),以使行文連貫。
開(kāi)頭段:
More than delighted to learn that you will pay a visit to a Chinese family, I am writing to offer some suggestions about it.
主體段:
To begin with, you are expected to arrive fifteen minutes earlier so that the family wont wait and you can chat with them to know about the Chinese lifestyle. In addition, it is kind of you to prepare and present a delicate gift, which shows that you really care about them. Gifts like flowers and fruits are appropriate. Last but not least, you should mind the table manners when dining. Not until the host begins to eat can you enjoy the food. When the host picks up food for you, do remember to express your gratitude.
結(jié)尾段:
It is my sincere hope that you will find my advice useful and helpful. If you have any question, do feel free to ask me.
2017年全國(guó)I卷英語(yǔ)作文范例展示:
假定你是李華,正在教你的英國(guó)朋友Leslie學(xué)習(xí)漢語(yǔ)。請(qǐng)你寫(xiě)封郵件告知下次上課的計(jì)劃。內(nèi)容包括:
(1)時(shí)間和地點(diǎn);
(2)內(nèi)容:學(xué)習(xí)唐詩(shī);
(3)課前準(zhǔn)備:簡(jiǎn)要了解唐朝的歷史。
注意:
1. 詞數(shù)100左右;
2. 可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié),以使行文連貫。
開(kāi)頭段:
Words fail to convey my delight when news comes that you have made rapid progress in your Chinese study. I am writing to inform you of the details of your next Chinese lesson.
主體段:
Above all, I would like to meet you in Room 301 of the school library at 3 p.m. on July 1 and do make sure that you wont miss it. Besides, what you are going to learn are the poems of the Tang Dynasty, which are of great importance in the Chinese literature. Last but not least, in order to help you learn better, I am wondering if you can learn about the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance.
結(jié)尾段:
It is my sincere hope that you will make full preparations for it. If you have any question, do feel free to ask me.
英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作能力很一般的同學(xué),可以通過(guò)熟背以上英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作表達(dá)和靈活掌握開(kāi)頭段,中間主體段和結(jié)尾段的寫(xiě)作技巧來(lái)提升書(shū)信體作文寫(xiě)作能力。英語(yǔ)作文的提升過(guò)程可以通過(guò)抄襲、模仿、創(chuàng)新三個(gè)步驟來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。在缺少很扎實(shí)的英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作功底的背景下,掌握技巧和方法不失為提高英語(yǔ)卷面分?jǐn)?shù)的一條捷徑!
責(zé)任編輯 蔣小青