陳靜 李萍
[摘要]目的 分析吸煙、飲酒、鍛煉對育齡女性性功能的影響,以期為臨床治療和護(hù)理的人性化服務(wù)提供有益幫助。方法 選取2014年10月~2015年10月在廈門市婦幼保健院就診的800例育齡女性(25~35周歲)。其中,排除有精神病史、肝腎功能損害、心血管系統(tǒng)疾病、甲狀腺功能亢進(jìn)或減退、惡性腫瘤(共15例)及1個(gè)月內(nèi)無性生活史(共21例)后,余764例納入統(tǒng)計(jì)。采用匿名問卷調(diào)查方法?;颊邅碓壕驮\前,由研究人員解釋并填寫問卷,患者在自愿前提下填寫問卷,并嚴(yán)格為患者保密。填寫時(shí)間為10 min左右,由研究人員統(tǒng)一計(jì)算得分。結(jié)果 在入選的764例患者中,吸煙組患者(>3支/d)116例,無吸煙組患者308例,兩組的年齡差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義[(30.00±5.10)歲vs. (29.16±6.98)歲](P>0.05),其中吸煙組的性高潮、滿意度得分,總分均低于無吸煙組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);兩組患者的其余因子得分比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。飲酒組患者(>1瓶/d)94例,無飲酒組(<1瓶/周)248例,兩組的年齡差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義[(31.00±2.10)歲vs. (20.46±5.88)歲](P>0.05),其中,飲酒組的性高潮得分低于無飲酒組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);兩組患者的其余因子得分比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。鍛煉身體組(>1次/周)307例,無鍛煉身體組(<1次/周)457例,兩組的年齡差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義[(30.82±6.40)歲vs. (31.27±7.93)歲] (P>0.05),其中,鍛煉身體組的性興奮、性高潮得分,總分均高于無鍛煉身體組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論 吸煙、飲酒、不經(jīng)常鍛煉是女性性功能障礙的危險(xiǎn)因素;在對就診女性進(jìn)行治療和護(hù)理的過程中,應(yīng)該了解其生活方式,及性功能是否出現(xiàn)障礙,并采用適當(dāng)?shù)尼t(yī)療和心理治療方法改善其性功能,以提高其生活質(zhì)量。
[關(guān)鍵詞]女性性功能;吸煙;飲酒;鍛煉;性功能障礙;女性性功能指數(shù)問卷
[中圖分類號] R173 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼] A [文章編號] 1674-4721(2018)8(b)-0175-04
The influence of smoking, drinking and doing exercise on female sexual function of childbearing age
CHEN Jing LI Ping▲
Department of Reproductive Medicine, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Xiamen City, Fujian Province, Xiamen 361000, China
[Abstract] Objective To analyze the influence of smoking, drinking and doing exercise on female sexual function of childbearing age. Methods A total of 800 women with child-bearing age (25-35 years old) treated in Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Xiamen City from October 2014 to October 2015 were selected. Among them, eliminating those who had a history of mental illness, liver and kidney function damage, cardiovascular system diseases, hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism and malignant tumors (15 cases) and having no sexual life in a month (21 cases), the remaining 764 cases were included in the statistics. Anonymous questionnaire method was used. Before the patient came to the hospital, the researcher explained and filled out the questionnaire. Patient filled out the questionnaire on the premise of voluntary, and kept it strictly confidential for patients. Filled time was about 10 minutes, the score was calculated by the researchers. Results Among the 764 patients enrolled, there were 116 cases in smoking group (>3 day) and 308 cases were non-smoking group, there was no significant difference in age between the two groups ([30.00±5.10] years old vs. [29.16±6.98] years old) (P>0.05). The orgasm, satisfaction score and total score of smoking group were lower than those of non-smoking group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the scores of other factors between the two groups (P>0.05). There were 94 cases in drinking group (>1 bottle/day) and 248 cases in non-drinking group (<1 bottle/week), there was no significant difference in age between the two groups ([31.00±2.10] years old vs. [20.46±5.88] years old) (P>0.05). The orgasm score of drinking group was lower than that of non-drinking group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the scores of other factors between the two groups (P>0.05). There were 307 cases in doing exercise group (>1 time/week) and 457 patients were in non- doing exercise group, there was no significant difference in age between the two groups ([30.82±6.40] years old vs. [31.27±7.93] years old) (P>0.05).The sexual excitement, orgasm score and total score of doing exercise group were higher than those of non-doing exercise, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Smoking, drinking and not doing exercise regularly are risk factors for female sexual dysfunction. In the process of treatment and care for women seeking treatment, in order to improve the quality of life, their way of life and whether sexual function having an obstacle should be understood, and appropriate medical and psychological treatment are used to improve its sexual function.
[Key words] Female sexual function; Smoking; Drinking; Doing exercise; Sexual dysfunction; The female sexual function index
性健康是生活質(zhì)量的一個(gè)重要方面,據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),目前近40%的女性患有性功能障礙,男性患病率為20%~30%。男性患者中有一部分是由女性性功能障礙(female sexual dysfunction,F(xiàn)SD)導(dǎo)致的[1]。FSD對夫妻雙方的影響是多方面的,既會給夫婦雙方帶來家庭和社會問題,也會影響女性的身心健康,是女性生活質(zhì)量的一個(gè)重要方面,值得關(guān)注[2-3]。但有關(guān)生活方式對女性性生活影響的報(bào)道并不多見。因此,本研究采用女性性功能指數(shù)問卷(the female sexual function index,F(xiàn)SFI),分析吸煙、飲酒、鍛煉對女性性功能的影響,以期為臨床治療和護(hù)理的人性化服務(wù)提供有益幫助。
1資料與方法
1.1一般資料
本組調(diào)查對象為2014年10月~2015年10月在婦幼保健院就診的800例育齡女性,年齡25~35周歲。其中,排除有精神病史、肝腎功能損害、心血管系統(tǒng)疾病、甲狀腺功能亢進(jìn)或減退、惡性腫瘤患者共15例,1個(gè)月內(nèi)無性生活史共21例,余下764例納入統(tǒng)計(jì)。
1.2研究方法
本研究采用匿名問卷調(diào)查。患者來院就診前,由研究人員解釋并填寫問卷,患者在自愿前提下填寫問卷,并嚴(yán)格為患者保密。填寫時(shí)間為10 min左右,由研究人員統(tǒng)一計(jì)算得分?;颊咝畔⒉杉碇饕ㄊ茉L者就診主訴、有無吸煙、飲酒史、是否經(jīng)常鍛煉身體、一般信息(如年齡、健康狀況等)。
1.3觀察指標(biāo)
FSFI包含19個(gè)問題(條目),分6個(gè)因子:性欲(問題1,2),性興奮(問題3~6),陰道濕潤(問題7~10),性高潮(問題11~13),性滿意度(問題14~16)及性交疼痛(問題17~19)[4]。每個(gè)條目的得分從1分(提示功能障礙)到5分(提示正常的性活動)。每個(gè)因子內(nèi)的條目分?jǐn)?shù)的總和乘以各因子的權(quán)重系數(shù)即為每個(gè)因子的分?jǐn)?shù),6個(gè)因子分?jǐn)?shù)相加得到每個(gè)人的FSFI總分。FSFI最低可能得分為1.2分,最高得分為36分,評分越高,表示性功能越好。FSFI 總評分≤26.55分時(shí)提示女性存在性功能障礙[5-6]。此量表的可靠性和有效性已得到驗(yàn)證,并已經(jīng)在國人中得到應(yīng)用[6]。
1.4統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
數(shù)據(jù)采用SPSS 22.0軟件處理,計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,采用Mann-Whitney秩和檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料以率表示,采用χ2檢驗(yàn),以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2結(jié)果
2.1吸煙對育齡女性FSFI得分的影響
在入選的764例患者,其中吸煙組患者(>3支/d)116例,無吸煙組患者308例,兩組的年齡差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義[(30.00±5.10)歲vs. (29.16±6.98)歲](P>0.05);其中,吸煙組的性高潮、滿意度得分,總分均低于無吸煙組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);兩組患者的性欲、性興奮、濕潤、疼痛得分比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)(表1)。
2.2飲酒對育齡女性FSFI得分的影響
在入選的764例患者,其中飲酒組患者(>1瓶/d)94例,無飲酒組(<1瓶/周)248例,兩組的年齡差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義[(31.00±2.10)歲vs. (20.46±5.88)歲](P>0.05);其中,飲酒組的性高潮得分低于無飲酒組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);兩組患者的性欲、性興奮、濕潤、滿意度、疼痛得分比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)(表2)。
2.3鍛煉身體對育齡女性FSFI得分的影響
在入選的764例患者,其中鍛煉身體組(>1次/周)307例,無鍛煉身體組(<1次/周)457例,兩組的年齡差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義[(30.82±6.40)歲vs. (31.27±7.93)歲](P>0.05);其中鍛煉身體組的性興奮、性高潮得分,總分均高于無鍛煉身體組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);兩組患者的性欲、濕潤、滿意度、疼痛得分比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)(表3)。
3討論
FSD應(yīng)從生物-心理-社會的角度來看待,F(xiàn)SD是一個(gè)綜合的、不斷變化的模型,由女性健康狀況的波動、神經(jīng)化學(xué)平衡、心理問題、人際關(guān)系、社會文化等多種因素造成女性性反應(yīng)周期中的一個(gè)或多個(gè)方面的功能失調(diào),與生理、心理及人際關(guān)系密切相關(guān)[7]。準(zhǔn)確估計(jì)FSD的患病率及潛在的危險(xiǎn)因素,并通過解決這些危險(xiǎn)因素來提高其生活質(zhì)量是很重要的。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),世界范圍內(nèi)各國FSD患病率為26.6%~53.8%[8]。我國南京的一份調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)顯示,城市婦女FSD的患病率是56.8%[8]。由此可見,我國的FSD患病率非常高,因此也成為近年來的關(guān)注熱點(diǎn)[10-11]。FSD的發(fā)生與不孕、慢性疾病、破裂的夫妻關(guān)系、低收入水平、文化程度低、壓力大等有關(guān)[12]。
眾所周知,不良的生活方式對女性患者的心理健康和社會功能均有極大的負(fù)面影響,但其對育齡女性性功能的影響則少有報(bào)道。本研究采用問卷形式更能夠幫助我們獲得可靠且有效的數(shù)據(jù),更能準(zhǔn)確地評估女性性功能,同時(shí)也能減少患者及研究者在評估患者性功能過程中的尷尬及不適[13]。本研究采用FSFI,分析吸煙、飲酒、鍛煉身體對女性性功能的影響。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),吸煙FSD主要表現(xiàn)在性生活的滿意度、性高潮這兩個(gè)因子中,同時(shí)經(jīng)常飲酒女性的性功能障礙主要表現(xiàn)在性高潮這個(gè)因子上。經(jīng)常鍛煉的女性的性興奮、性高潮比沒有經(jīng)常鍛煉者得分更高。
研究發(fā)現(xiàn),吸煙可抑制平滑肌舒張,增加血小板凝集、兒茶酚胺釋放[14],由此也進(jìn)一步解釋經(jīng)常吸煙的女性在性高潮與滿意度評分較不吸煙女性低。此外,Weigert 等[15]的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),吸煙可對女性的荷爾蒙參數(shù)以及卵泡參數(shù)產(chǎn)生消極影響。一方面,吸煙通過生殖腺細(xì)胞和煙草中成分間的相互作用影響卵巢功能;另一方面,吸煙能減少雌激素分泌。酒精會破壞女性生理、情感、荷爾蒙系統(tǒng)的平衡,并從多方面干擾了性的敏感性和享受。研究表明,酒精作為一種鎮(zhèn)靜劑,能減少人感官的輸入,降低女性對觸摸的敏感度,最終導(dǎo)致欲望減少、性喚起和性高潮的強(qiáng)度降低[16]。而本研究數(shù)據(jù)提示經(jīng)常飲酒女性的性功能障礙主要表現(xiàn)在性高潮這個(gè)因子上,也進(jìn)一步證實(shí)酒精是女性性功能的一個(gè)危險(xiǎn)因素。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)經(jīng)常鍛煉女性的性興奮、性高潮比不經(jīng)常鍛煉者得分更高。Li等[17-18]認(rèn)為,與不運(yùn)動的女性相比,經(jīng)常鍛煉的女性在性生活中陰道干澀和性欲低下的發(fā)生率較低。因此,有規(guī)律的體育鍛煉可促進(jìn)身體健康,提高健康水平,同時(shí)也能減少性功能障礙的發(fā)生[19-20]。
綜上所述,吸煙、飲酒、不經(jīng)常鍛煉是FSD的危險(xiǎn)因素。在對就診女性進(jìn)行治療和護(hù)理的過程中,應(yīng)該了解她們的生活方式及性功能是否出現(xiàn)障礙,并采用適當(dāng)?shù)尼t(yī)療和心理治療方法改善其性功能,以提高其生活質(zhì)量。
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(收稿日期:2018-03-14 本文編輯:許俊琴)