古樹有“保姆”？這是真的

◇ 文|本刊記者 圖|

隨著一連串警報聲突然響起，沙坪壩區(qū)數(shù)字化城市管理中心工作人員立馬打開古樹名木智慧管理系統(tǒng)。

管理系統(tǒng)上顯示，三峽廣場的多棵古樹都處于“離線”狀態(tài)。

工作人員隨即致電古樹巡邏員，詢問詳細(xì)情況。不到五分鐘，巡邏員發(fā)回報告：“古樹一切正常，報警是因為重慶西站施工突然斷網(wǎng)造成的?！?/p>

As a series of alarm songs blast forth, the staff of the Digital City Management Center in Shapingba District immediately opened the intelligent management system of ancient and famous trees.

The management system showed that many ancient trees in the Three Gorges square were"offline".

The staff immediately called the ancient tree patroller to inquire about the details. Less than five minutes later, the patroller sent back a report:“everything is normal for the ancient trees. The alarm was caused by the sudden disconnection of the network from the construction of Chongqing West Railway Station.”

一直以來，人們對于古樹名木的管理與維護(hù)，大多情況下都只能憑借人工經(jīng)驗。

隨著智能時代的到來，一個個小小的智能設(shè)備被安放在了沙坪壩區(qū)的88棵古樹名木身邊，精準(zhǔn)地記錄著環(huán)境溫度、土壤濕度、樹木傾斜度等信息，為古樹的管理養(yǎng)護(hù)提供了一種更具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的管理方案。

For a long time, people have only relied on artificial experience to manage and maintain ancient and famous trees.

With the advent of the age of intelligence, small intelligent equipment have been placed beside 88 ancient and famous trees in Shapingba District,recording accurately the environmental temperature,soil moisture, tree inclination and other information,providing a more standardized management plan for the management and maintenance of ancient trees.

點開古樹智慧管理平臺，沙坪壩區(qū)所有古樹都分布在了平臺的地圖上。進(jìn)而點開每一棵古樹名木的圖標(biāo)，古樹編號、土壤溫度、含水量、電導(dǎo)率，以及樹木傾斜度、振動度等實時信息，便一一呈現(xiàn)在眼前。

整個平臺上呈現(xiàn)的指標(biāo)，都是建立在林業(yè)專家為古樹量身打造的生長環(huán)境這一基礎(chǔ)上的。無論是土壤水分含量低于適合古樹生長的最低值，或是土壤中養(yǎng)料含量過低，甚至是大風(fēng)將樹木吹得傾斜，或者古樹遭受人為破壞而導(dǎo)致的振動，系統(tǒng)都會自動報警。

Click to open the intelligent management platform for ancient trees, and all ancient trees in Shapingba District will be distributed on the map of the platform. Then click on the icon of each ancient and famous tree, the ancient tree number, soil temperature, water content, electrical conductivity,tree inclination, vibration degree and other realtime information will appear one by one in front of us.

The indicators presented on the entire platform are all based on the growth environment tailored for ancient trees by forestry experts. Whether the soil moisture content is lower than the minimum value suitable for the growth of ancient trees, or the nutrient content in the soil is too low, or even the trees are tilted by strong winds, or the ancient trees are vibrated due to human destruction, the system will alarm automatically.

對古樹的護(hù)理，也體現(xiàn)在對管理古樹的巡邏員的管理上。從古樹智慧管理平臺上發(fā)回的，還有巡邏員每天在看護(hù)古樹時的行經(jīng)路線，從線路到停留時間，都一一記錄在案。

每天一次的古樹生長環(huán)境統(tǒng)計圖中，也能清晰看到土壤中水分等各種指標(biāo)的變化，從而判斷巡邏員是否按照標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對古樹進(jìn)行了合理維護(hù)。

在古樹名木智慧管理系統(tǒng)的管理與監(jiān)控之下，就像是給沙坪壩區(qū)每一棵被記錄在案的古樹名木配了一名貼身保姆，一旦發(fā)生任何情況，工作人員完全能夠在五分鐘內(nèi)到達(dá)現(xiàn)場進(jìn)行處理。

走近古樹仔細(xì)尋找，便能發(fā)現(xiàn)樹上懸掛著一個小小的儀器，和一個深入地下的探頭。在這些小工具的輔助下，利用物聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)，通過LORA組網(wǎng)技術(shù)和RFID技術(shù)相結(jié)合，便能實現(xiàn)古樹的坐標(biāo)定位，以及生長狀態(tài)實時查看、砍伐預(yù)警、倒伏預(yù)警等功能。

The care of ancient trees is also reflected in the management of patrollers who manage ancient trees. Information from the ancient tree intelligent management platform, and the patrollers’ daily patrolling routes during the care of ancient trees,the routes and the stay time are all recorded one by one.

Changes in various indexes such as soil moisture can also be clearly seen in the daily statistical chart of the growth environment of ancient trees, so as to judge whether the patrollers have carried out reasonable maintenance of ancient trees in accordance with the standards.

Under the management and monitoring of the intelligent management system for ancient and famous trees, it is like assigning a close-fitting nanny to every recorded ancient and famous tree in Shapingba District. Once anything happens, the staff can surely arrive at the site within five minutes to handle it.

When approaching the ancient tree and looking for it carefully, you can find a small instrument hanging from the tree and a probe that goes deep into the ground. With the help of these small tools,the coordinate positioning of ancient trees can be realized by using the internet of things technology and combining LORA networking technology with RFID technology, as well as real-time viewing of growth status, felling warning, lodging warning and other functions.

此外，基于古樹名木智慧管理這個系統(tǒng)，所有的古樹名木都有了屬于自己的電子身份證。

“這就是傳說中的黃葛樹么？”“哇，這棵樹到底多大了呀？”三峽廣場一棵黃葛樹旁，幾名外地游客在樹邊納涼，或許是第一次見到城市中如此粗壯的大樹，引來他們一連串疑問。

伴隨著“嘀”的一聲，一名游客驚喜地招呼同伴：“快來快來，這個二維碼里面有樹的介紹。”在游客的手機(jī)上，清晰地顯示出這棵樹是黃葛樹，為桑科榕屬，屬于一級古樹等級，估測樹齡為三百年等信息，其中還有樹木的高度等，儼然就是這棵黃葛樹的科普小標(biāo)簽。

I n addition, b ase d on t he i ntelligent management system of ancient and famous trees, all ancient and famous trees have their own electronic identity.

“Is this the legendary Ficus virens?” “Wow,how old is this tree?” Next to a Ficus virens in the Three Gorges square, several tourists from other place were enjoying the cool at the edge of the tree.Perhaps it was the first time that they saw such a thick tree in the city, giving rise to a series of questions among them.

Accompanied by the sound of “di”, a tourist hailed his companions with surprise: “come on,this QR code has the introduction of the tree.” On the tourist’s mobile phone, it clearly showed that the tree is a Ficus virens, belonging to the Moraceae and Ficus, and is the first grade of ancient trees. It was estimated that the tree was 300 years old, and there was other information, including the height of the tree, etc., which was just like a little scientific label of the Ficus virens.