Different Reactions to Beauty and Ugly

張蕊

閱讀理解：

1.ln the second paragraph we know that Barbara Cartland is _______.

A. an expert studying eyes

B. a scientist researching writing

C. a school name

D. a romantic novelist

2. The right explanation of the underlined words "guinea pigs" in the third paragraph for the context is

_______.

A. small mice kept as a pet

B. small pigs kept as a pet

C. small pigs growing in Holland

D. human subjects tested by the researchers

3. The scene that can increase activities in the ventral striatum is that _______.

A. a person sees a beautiful picture

B. a man sees a woman's photo

C. a person gets a $10，000 reward

D. a woman sees a man's photo

4. The ventral striatum of a man will increase activity if _______ in the photos.

① he is in direct eye contact with a pretty woman

② he is in direct eye contact with an ugly woman

③ he sees the side face of a pretty woman

④ he sees the side face of an ugly woman

5. The scientists get their research results by _______.

A. making experiments

B. making surveys

C. referring to romantic novels

D. cooperating with Barbara

答案與解析：

1.D。推理判斷題，第二段開(kāi)頭就提到Romantic novelists...這是本段的主題句，根據(jù)上下文可知Barbara Cartland是一位浪漫主義小說(shuō)家。

2.D。詞義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線(xiàn)詞后面的謂語(yǔ)可以知道這個(gè)詞是可以說(shuō)話(huà)的人，故D正確。

3.C。段落推測(cè)題。第三段倒數(shù)第二句the ventral striatum后的同位語(yǔ)可以知道這個(gè)“前部紋狀體”是大腦中產(chǎn)生成就感或者愉快情緒的重要部位。ABD三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都沒(méi)有提到眼睛的交流，因此不正確。

4.B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。在最后一段第一句“The activity increase occurred regardless of the gender of the face in direct eye contact.”可知①（正確，“But if the cute person gazed to one side， the ventral striatum remained resting，”和“Missing eye contact with an unattractive face may be a relief，and thus enhance activity，”可知④正確，③不對(duì)。

5.A。推理判斷題。文章第三段開(kāi)始就講了實(shí)驗(yàn)的過(guò)程，因此A正確。

長(zhǎng)難句分析：

1. The Barbara Cartland school of writing has now been confirmed by science， for experts have discovered that eye-to-eye contact in fact releases a burst of activity in the reward center of the brain.巴巴拉-卡特蘭學(xué)派作品現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)被科學(xué)證實(shí)是符合事實(shí)的，因?yàn)閷?zhuān)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)目光交流可以引起大腦反應(yīng)中樞產(chǎn)生一系列的反應(yīng)。

這是個(gè)復(fù)合句。逗號(hào)后面的for引出的是原因狀語(yǔ)從句。主句中的school是“流派”的意思。

句中a burst of“迸發(fā)”，常與activity，energy，angry，enthusiasm等構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)a burst of activity/energy/angry/enthusiasm活力/能量/怒火/熱情的迸發(fā)。

例如：Try these things to give yourself a burst of morning energy and ensure you wake up feeling motivated and ready to go.按照以下的建議，每天清晨你都會(huì)感受到活力的爆發(fā)，保證你充滿(mǎn)激情，時(shí)刻準(zhǔn)備著。

2. Neuroscientists at University College London asked eight female and eight male volunteers to look at photos of the faces of 40 different people who were either looking at the camera or gazing to one side.倫敦大學(xué)學(xué)院的神經(jīng)學(xué)科學(xué)家分別讓8名男志愿者和8名女志愿者觀察40個(gè)不同人的面部照片，照片上的人或是盯著鏡頭看或是盯向一側(cè)。

這是個(gè)復(fù)合句。甸中who引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用短語(yǔ)ask sb.to do sth.。

句中either...or...“或者……或者……”連接句中相似的成分。如果連接兩個(gè)成分做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常與其靠近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。例如：Either you or I am to go.你或我必須有人去。

否定式可以是not either...or...，也可以是neither...nor...。

例如：He didn't either write or phone.=He neither wrote nor phoned.他既沒(méi)寫(xiě)信也沒(méi)打電話(huà)。