瓜類(lèi)蔬菜斜插式嫁接砧木子葉自適應(yīng)壓持機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)

樓建忠，吳 康，陳駿煬，麻桂楊，李建平,3※

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瓜類(lèi)蔬菜斜插式嫁接砧木子葉自適應(yīng)壓持機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)

樓建忠1,2，吳 康1，陳駿煬1，麻桂楊4，李建平1,3※

（1.浙江大學(xué)生物系統(tǒng)工程系，杭州 310029；2.浙江機(jī)電職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院機(jī)械技術(shù)系，杭州 310053；3.農(nóng)業(yè)部設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)裝備與信息化重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，杭州 310029；4.華納圣龍（寧波）有限公司 寧波 315104）

針對(duì)現(xiàn)有瓜類(lèi)蔬菜嫁接機(jī)在砧木子葉壓持過(guò)程中容易導(dǎo)致子葉根部折斷，或由于壓持力過(guò)大導(dǎo)致砧木子葉損傷等問(wèn)題，以葫蘆苗為試驗(yàn)對(duì)象，通過(guò)測(cè)定砧木苗子葉特征參數(shù)，設(shè)計(jì)制作了一種適用于瓜類(lèi)蔬菜嫁接的砧木子葉壓持機(jī)構(gòu)，壓持機(jī)構(gòu)中的仿形墊塊形態(tài)曲線與砧木苗子葉自然形態(tài)接近，防止子葉根部折斷；在子葉壓持過(guò)程中，壓持機(jī)構(gòu)的壓輥能在仿形自適應(yīng)墊塊上自動(dòng)滑移以實(shí)現(xiàn)壓緊力自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)，避免砧木子葉表面損傷。取60株苗齡15 d的葫蘆苗進(jìn)行子葉壓持試驗(yàn)，并與沒(méi)有加仿形墊塊的砧木子葉壓持機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行比較，試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明：加仿形墊塊的壓持機(jī)構(gòu)子葉壓持成功率為100%，無(wú)子葉根部折斷和子葉表面損傷現(xiàn)象，生長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)去除率達(dá)到98.3%，說(shuō)明所設(shè)計(jì)的子葉自適應(yīng)壓持機(jī)構(gòu)是可行的，該研究為解決蔬菜嫁接砧木子葉壓持提供了設(shè)計(jì)參考。

農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械；設(shè)計(jì)；嫁接；瓜類(lèi)蔬菜；嫁接機(jī)；子葉壓持；自適應(yīng)；仿型

0 引 言

瓜類(lèi)蔬菜嫁接栽培利用砧木根系發(fā)達(dá)、耐熱、抗病和吸肥力強(qiáng)等特點(diǎn)，能有效克服連茬病害，增強(qiáng)植株的抗病能力，減少施肥量，被廣泛用于蔬菜規(guī)?；N植中[1-3]。斜插式嫁接法是瓜類(lèi)蔬菜常用的一種插接方法，嫁接時(shí)只需將經(jīng)切削的穗木苗直接插入已去除生長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)并打好孔的砧木中，無(wú)需對(duì)嫁接苗進(jìn)行固定，操作簡(jiǎn)便，可避免貼接法因切除一片砧木子葉使砧木營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分流失而影響嫁接苗成活率，被廣泛應(yīng)用于瓜類(lèi)蔬菜嫁接種植中[4-6]，而機(jī)械嫁接可克服手工嫁接效率低、成活率不高的缺點(diǎn)，減輕農(nóng)民的勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度，提高作業(yè)生產(chǎn)率[7-10]。斜插式嫁接機(jī)作業(yè)時(shí)，砧木苗的子葉壓持是斜插式瓜類(lèi)蔬菜嫁接機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)需重點(diǎn)考慮的問(wèn)題之一。嫁接時(shí)，若壓持機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)不合理，將導(dǎo)致砧木子葉在根部折斷且損傷砧木子葉表面，直接影響嫁接的作業(yè)質(zhì)量和嫁接苗的成活率[11-15]。

日本和韓國(guó)等國(guó)家于20世紀(jì)后期已對(duì)瓜類(lèi)蔬菜嫁接機(jī)各機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了研究[16-18]；在國(guó)內(nèi)張鐵中[19-21]和辜松[22-24]等分別進(jìn)行了瓜類(lèi)蔬菜插接式嫁接機(jī)的研究，并開(kāi)發(fā)了相應(yīng)的設(shè)備，但由于砧木苗具有較柔軟的特性，夾持定位及固定較難、砧木苗子葉壓持和壓苗過(guò)程中易損傷、砧木苗打孔準(zhǔn)確性差以及生長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)不易去凈等問(wèn)題依然存在[25-26]，常規(guī)的砧木子葉壓持方法容易折斷和損傷子葉[8-9]。

本文設(shè)計(jì)了一種瓜類(lèi)蔬菜砧木子葉自適應(yīng)壓持機(jī)構(gòu)。通過(guò)在作者所設(shè)計(jì)的交叉夾持機(jī)構(gòu)[8]上加設(shè)仿型墊塊，適應(yīng)砧木苗形態(tài)特點(diǎn)，在壓持過(guò)程中，壓持機(jī)構(gòu)的壓輥能在仿形墊塊上沿墊塊表面自動(dòng)滑移以調(diào)節(jié)壓緊力，避免損傷砧木子葉，以期實(shí)現(xiàn)砧木苗子葉的無(wú)損壓持，再利用作者所設(shè)計(jì)的生長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)去除機(jī)構(gòu)[27]，成功實(shí)現(xiàn)砧木苗生長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)的去除。

1 砧木苗形態(tài)特征及壓持機(jī)構(gòu)原理

1.1 砧木苗形態(tài)特征

如圖1所示為砧木苗實(shí)物圖，砧木苗由子葉、生長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)和苗莖3部分組成。葫蘆苗在苗齡在12～15 d時(shí)生長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)柔嫩且容易被去除，適合于嫁接，但由于砧木苗子葉比較柔嫩，壓持時(shí)容易受到損傷。苗齡在12～15 d時(shí)的砧木苗子葉尚未完全展開(kāi)，形狀呈Y型，由于生長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)嵌于兩片子葉之間，所以子葉往兩邊拉伸，將生長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)完全暴露于子葉外面，將有助于生長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)去除。

1.2 砧木子葉特征參數(shù)測(cè)定

砧木苗子葉特征參數(shù)是砧木子葉壓持機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)的主要依據(jù)[28-30]。圖2為砧木苗各特征參數(shù)示意圖，葫蘆苗特征參數(shù)測(cè)量結(jié)果見(jiàn)表1。

圖1 砧木苗實(shí)物圖

注：a為砧木子葉伸展跨距，mm；b為砧木子葉寬度，mm；θ為子葉展開(kāi)角度，(o)

表1 砧木苗子葉特征參數(shù)

注：葫蘆苗培育時(shí)間為15 d，樣本數(shù)為60。

Note: Seedling age of cucurbit is 15 d, sample number is 60.

2 砧木苗子葉自適應(yīng)壓持機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)

2.1 砧木子葉自適應(yīng)壓持機(jī)構(gòu)原理

砧木子葉壓持機(jī)構(gòu)原理圖如圖3所示，其結(jié)構(gòu)由仿形墊塊、壓緊機(jī)構(gòu)兩部分組成。仿形墊塊由左、右兩塊組成，采用透明有機(jī)玻璃材料制作，在中間部位鉆一與砧木苗莖直徑大致相同的孔，仿形墊塊安裝于作者所設(shè)計(jì)的砧木夾持機(jī)構(gòu)[8]上，隨夾持機(jī)構(gòu)一起運(yùn)動(dòng)。砧木子葉壓緊機(jī)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)如圖4所示，砧木子葉壓緊機(jī)構(gòu)由壓臂、壓輥、壓塊、導(dǎo)套和彈簧等部分組成。

圖3 砧木子葉壓持機(jī)構(gòu)原理圖

壓緊機(jī)構(gòu)的壓塊通過(guò)導(dǎo)套安裝于導(dǎo)桿上，沿導(dǎo)桿上下滑動(dòng)，兩壓臂之間裝有彈簧，當(dāng)壓緊機(jī)構(gòu)下降至墊塊時(shí)，壓輥壓于子葉上向外滾動(dòng)，同時(shí)促使壓臂撐開(kāi)；當(dāng)壓緊機(jī)構(gòu)上升時(shí)，壓臂在彈簧作用下收回。壓臂通過(guò)連接板安裝于壓塊上，連接板上安裝有兩個(gè)限位銷(xiāo)，用于限制壓臂的位置。

圖4 砧木子葉壓緊機(jī)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)圖

2.2 砧木子葉自適應(yīng)壓持機(jī)構(gòu)力學(xué)分析

砧木苗放入夾持機(jī)構(gòu)[8]后，能較好地實(shí)現(xiàn)砧木苗莖部的定位對(duì)中與夾持固定，但嫁接期的砧木苗子葉展開(kāi)呈Y型，生長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)陷于2片子葉之間，使得生長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)去除機(jī)構(gòu)[27]很難將生長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)摳除干凈，若所設(shè)計(jì)的壓持機(jī)構(gòu)能使子葉往外伸展，則可以使生長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)充分暴露于子葉外部，方便將生長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)去除。

圖5為砧木子葉壓緊機(jī)構(gòu)受力分析圖，則有：

式中ΣF為方向的合力，N；ΣF為方向的合力，N；Σ0為繞點(diǎn)的合力矩，N.m；為彈簧拉力，N；P為方向上作用于壓臂的外力，N；P為方向上作用于壓臂的外力，N；F為子葉與壓輥之間的摩擦力，N；F為子葉對(duì)壓輥的支撐力，N；為子葉對(duì)壓輥的支撐力與垂直面之間的夾角，(o)；為壓臂的重力，N；為壓輥的半徑，mm；為2壓臂所夾的夾角，(o)；為壓臂的長(zhǎng)度，mm；1為的長(zhǎng)度，mm；2為的長(zhǎng)度，mm。

由于

則

則式（5）可簡(jiǎn)化為

注：G為壓塊的重力，N；為壓臂的重力，N；P為方向上作用于壓臂的外力，N；P為方向上作用于壓臂的外力，N；F為砧木子葉與壓輥之間的摩擦力，N；F為砧木子葉對(duì)壓輥的支撐力，N；為彈簧拉力，N；為2壓臂的夾角，（°）；為砧木子葉對(duì)壓輥的支撐力與垂直面之間的夾角，（°）；點(diǎn)為左壓臂與壓塊連接處；點(diǎn)為右壓臂與壓塊連接處；點(diǎn)為壓臂與彈簧連接點(diǎn)；點(diǎn)為壓臂重心；點(diǎn)為壓臂與壓輥連接點(diǎn)；l為壓臂的長(zhǎng)度，mm；1為的長(zhǎng)度，mm；2為的長(zhǎng)度，mm。

Note:Gis the gravity of pressing block, N:is the gravity of pressing arm, N;Pis the forces acting on the arm indirection, N;Pis the forces acting on the arm indirection, N;Fis the friction between cotyledon and pressing rod, N;Fis supporting force on pressing rod, N;is spring tension, N;is the angle between two clamping arms,（°）,is the angle between supporting force on pressing rod and vertical face,（°）;is connected point of pressing arm and left pressing block;is connected point of pressing arm and right pressing block;is connected point of pressing arm and spring;is the centre of gravity of pressing arm;is connected point of pressing arm and pressing rod;lis the length of pressing arm, mm;1is the length of, mm;2is the length of, mm.

圖5 壓緊機(jī)構(gòu)受力分析圖

Fig.5 Stress analysis of compacting mechanism

即

則式（6）可簡(jiǎn)化為

將1、2代入（8）得

由式（2）可得

由式（10）可得

注：O1為壓塊運(yùn)動(dòng)至最高點(diǎn)時(shí)壓臂與壓塊連接點(diǎn)；O2為壓塊運(yùn)動(dòng)至最低點(diǎn)時(shí)壓臂與壓塊連接點(diǎn)；K1為壓塊運(yùn)動(dòng)至最高點(diǎn)時(shí)壓輥與墊塊接觸處；K2為壓塊運(yùn)動(dòng)至最低點(diǎn)時(shí)壓輥與墊塊接觸處；K為運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)程中壓輥與墊塊接觸處；α1為壓塊運(yùn)動(dòng)至最高點(diǎn)時(shí)壓輥與墊塊接觸處法線方向與垂直方向的夾角，（°）；α2為壓塊運(yùn)動(dòng)至最低點(diǎn)時(shí)壓輥與墊塊接觸處法線方向與垂直方向的夾角，（°）；α即為壓輥接觸處法線方向與垂直方向的夾角，（°）。

式中

則

根據(jù)作用力與反作用力，壓臂上的合力矩S0使得砧木苗子葉獲得一個(gè)從中心向兩邊拉葉子的摩擦力（見(jiàn)圖7），從圖7還可以看出，在子葉向外伸展的過(guò)程中，子葉背面與墊塊接觸處會(huì)產(chǎn)生阻礙子葉向外伸展的阻力F2，由于子葉厚度不大，可認(rèn)為與F2在同一線上，但方向相反，當(dāng)F>F2時(shí)，子葉向外伸展，子葉貼合在仿形墊塊上，使生長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)充分暴露方便去除。

注：F f1為壓輥?zhàn)饔糜谡枘镜哪Σ亮?，N；Ff2為砧木子葉與墊塊之間的摩擦力，N；Ff3為砧木苗與夾持片之間的摩擦力，N；FN1為壓輥對(duì)砧木苗的壓力，N；FN2為墊塊對(duì)砧木苗的支撐力，N；FN3為夾持片對(duì)砧木苗的夾緊力，N；G'為砧木的重力，N。

2.3 砧木子葉壓持機(jī)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)

仿形墊塊的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)對(duì)砧木子葉的壓持有較大影響，仿形墊塊的結(jié)構(gòu)如圖8所示。

注: l為左、右2壓持墊塊閉合后總長(zhǎng)度，mm；d為壓持墊塊的寬度，mm；h為壓持墊塊的高度，mm。

根據(jù)表1測(cè)定的砧木參數(shù)，取左、右兩壓持墊塊閉合后總長(zhǎng)度為110mm，寬度為25mm。

由幾何關(guān)系

結(jié)果分析:從左至右,樣品依次編號(hào)為1-10號(hào),最右列為2000bp的對(duì)照Marker,此電泳結(jié)果為B組致病菌的電泳條帶:首先所有樣品均在1176bp處出現(xiàn)內(nèi)對(duì)照條帶。其中1、4、6、8-10號(hào)分別在695bp處出現(xiàn)特異性條帶,檢測(cè)結(jié)果為大腸埃希氏菌特異性基因。

可得為21.33mm，取高度為20mm。仿形墊塊外形與砧木苗子葉舒展時(shí)的形態(tài)特征。

壓緊機(jī)構(gòu)的幾何關(guān)系如圖9所示。壓輥由銷(xiāo)釘和套筒組成，銷(xiāo)釘固定于壓臂上，選用外徑為5mm的套筒套于銷(xiāo)釘上，套筒外套0.5mm厚的柔性橡膠套，套筒外套柔性橡膠套目的是防止壓輥對(duì)砧木子葉的損傷。壓緊機(jī)構(gòu)通過(guò)凸輪推動(dòng)壓塊作周期性運(yùn)動(dòng)[9]。

由于仿形墊塊表面為曲線，故有

設(shè)計(jì)l的長(zhǎng)度為10mm。

則

由于

其中l為段的長(zhǎng)度，mm。設(shè)計(jì)l'的長(zhǎng)度為10 mm。

注：O點(diǎn)為左側(cè)壓臂與壓塊連接處；O'點(diǎn)為右側(cè)壓臂與壓塊連接處；A點(diǎn)為左側(cè)壓臂與彈簧連接點(diǎn)；A'點(diǎn)為右側(cè)壓臂與彈簧連接點(diǎn)；C點(diǎn)為壓臂與壓輥連接點(diǎn)；F點(diǎn)為過(guò)O點(diǎn)作垂線與彈簧的交點(diǎn)；D為過(guò)C點(diǎn)作OC的垂線與OF延長(zhǎng)線的交點(diǎn)；為壓臂張開(kāi)角度，（°）。

則

取彈簧自由長(zhǎng)度為20 mm，壓臂的初始位置通過(guò)兩側(cè)定位銷(xiāo)進(jìn)行定位（結(jié)構(gòu)見(jiàn)圖4）。

3 砧木子葉壓持試驗(yàn)

3.1 試驗(yàn)條件與方法

砧木子葉的壓持試驗(yàn)如圖10所示。取60株苗齡在15 d的葫蘆苗，將無(wú)仿形墊塊壓持機(jī)構(gòu)[8]（圖10a）與加仿形墊塊壓持機(jī)構(gòu)（圖10b）2種壓持機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行比較試驗(yàn)，比較子葉壓持成功率、子葉折斷率、子葉表面損傷率和生長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)去除率。

圖10 砧木子葉壓持試驗(yàn)

其中：子葉壓持成功率為試驗(yàn)中子葉沒(méi)有扭曲并貼緊仿形墊塊的砧木數(shù)與用于試驗(yàn)的砧木苗總數(shù)之比，%；子葉折斷率為壓持過(guò)程中子葉根部折斷的砧木數(shù)與用于試驗(yàn)的砧木苗總數(shù)之比，%；子葉損傷率為壓持過(guò)程中子葉表面有明顯壓痕的砧木數(shù)與用于試驗(yàn)的砧木苗總數(shù)之比，%；生長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)去除率為生長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)被成功去除的砧木苗數(shù)與用于試驗(yàn)的砧木苗總數(shù)之比，%。即

工作時(shí)，利用凸輪機(jī)構(gòu)（圖10c）頂起子葉壓緊機(jī)構(gòu)（圖10d），由于仿形墊塊安裝于夾持片上，當(dāng)夾持片隨夾持機(jī)構(gòu)打開(kāi)的同時(shí)，2片砧木子葉仿形墊塊也同時(shí)分開(kāi)，手工放入砧木苗，調(diào)整砧木苗子葉展開(kāi)方向使其與仿形墊塊保持一致，利用砧木苗自重控制夾持機(jī)構(gòu)閉合，砧木苗夾持后的狀態(tài)如圖10e所示；壓緊機(jī)構(gòu)隨凸輪降下壓緊子葉，為生長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)去除提供有利條件，用本課題組設(shè)計(jì)的生長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)去除機(jī)構(gòu)除去生長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)[27]。整體試驗(yàn)裝置如圖10f所示。

3.2 試驗(yàn)結(jié)果

砧木子葉壓持試驗(yàn)情況如表2所示。通過(guò)試驗(yàn)可知，未加砧木仿形墊塊的砧木苗子葉容易折斷，其折斷率為13.3%，而加仿形壓持墊塊后砧木子葉在設(shè)定的工況下子葉根部無(wú)折斷現(xiàn)象，子葉壓持成功率為100%；未加仿形墊塊的砧木苗子葉表面壓持損傷率為21.6%，加仿形壓持墊塊后子葉表面無(wú)明顯壓痕現(xiàn)象；加仿形壓持墊塊后生長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)能較好地被去除，比未加砧木仿形墊塊的生長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)去除率提高81.6個(gè)百分點(diǎn)，達(dá)到98.3%，分析生長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)未被去除的砧木苗，發(fā)現(xiàn)這些砧木苗具有較大的畸變。所設(shè)計(jì)的砧木仿形自適應(yīng)壓持機(jī)構(gòu)能較好地滿足瓜類(lèi)蔬菜嫁接的要求。

表2 砧木子葉壓持試驗(yàn)結(jié)果

注：葫蘆苗培育時(shí)間為15 d，樣本數(shù)每組60。

Note: Seedling age of cucurbit is 15 d, sample number is 60.

4 結(jié) 論

1）通過(guò)對(duì)砧木苗子葉特征參數(shù)的分析，設(shè)計(jì)了一種應(yīng)用于瓜類(lèi)蔬菜嫁接的斜插式砧木子葉自適應(yīng)壓持機(jī)構(gòu)，壓持機(jī)構(gòu)的仿形墊塊利用砧木苗子葉自然狀態(tài)時(shí)的形態(tài)特征，防止了砧木苗子葉在壓持過(guò)程中根部發(fā)生折斷。壓持機(jī)構(gòu)的壓輥能在仿形墊塊上沿墊塊表面自動(dòng)滑移調(diào)節(jié)壓緊力，避免損傷砧木子葉，實(shí)現(xiàn)了砧木苗子葉的無(wú)損壓持。

2）通過(guò)對(duì)壓持機(jī)構(gòu)的受力分析可知，隨著壓持機(jī)構(gòu)的壓輥在仿形墊塊上由中間往外滾，砧木子葉對(duì)壓輥的支撐力值越來(lái)越小，即壓持機(jī)構(gòu)能自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)壓輥對(duì)砧木子葉的壓力大小，防止砧木子葉表面損傷；同時(shí)壓輥?zhàn)饔孟伦尤~充分向外伸展，方便生長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)去除機(jī)構(gòu)摳除生長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)。

3）取苗齡在15 d的葫蘆苗進(jìn)行砧木子葉壓持試驗(yàn)，在給定工況下，用加仿形墊塊與不加仿形墊塊2種壓持機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行比較試驗(yàn)，結(jié)果顯示，加仿形墊塊后壓持成功率為100%，子葉根部無(wú)折斷現(xiàn)象，子葉表面無(wú)損傷情況，生長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)生長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)去除率達(dá)到98.3%，表明所設(shè)計(jì)的砧木自適應(yīng)壓持機(jī)構(gòu)能較好地滿足砧木苗的壓持要求。

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Design and test of self-adaptive stock cotyledons pressing and clamping mechanism for oblique inserted grafting ofvegetables

Lou Jianzhong1,2, Wu Kang1, Chen Junyang1, Ma Guiyang4, Li Jianping1,3※

(1.,,310029,; 2.,,310053,; 3.,,310029,; 4315104, China)

The grafting and cultivation ofvegetables are characterized by the strong root system, heat resistance, disease resistance and good absorbing ability for soil fertility. Oblique grafting is a common method forvegetables. The pressing and clamping of the stock cotyledons is one of the important issues to be considered in the design of oblique inserted grafting machine. According to the problem that the existingvegetable grafting machine easy to break the petiole of cotyledons or damage the cotyledons in the process of cotyledons pressing, the stock cotyledons pressing and clamping mechanism used invegetable grafting was designed and developed by measuring the characteristic parameters of the cotyledons and by adding an imitation blocks on the cross clamp mechanism designed by the author before to adapt to the morphological characteristics of the stock cotyledons. The shape of the imitation blocks in the pressing and clamping mechanism was close to the natural shape of the cotyledons in order to prevent the breaking of the cotyledon. In the process of pressing the cotyledon, the pressing roll of the pressing and clamping mechanism could automatically slip on the imitation blocks to realize the automatic adjustment of the compression force and to avoid the damage of cotyledon. Then the growth point removal mechanism designed by the authors was used to successfully remove the growth point of rootstock seedlings. Through the force analysis of the pressing and clamping mechanism, it could be seen that the supporting force of the cotyledon to the pressing rod was getting smaller and smaller when the pressing rod rolled from middle to outside on the imitation blocks. That is, the pressing mechanism could automatically adjust the force on the cotyledon and prevent the cotyledon surface damage. At the same time, the pressing rod could extend the cotyledons to outside making the growth point fully exposed and convenient to be removed. The stock cotyledon pressing tests on 60 cucurbit seedlings were carried out by using the self-adaptive pressing and clamping mechanism and compared with that of without imitation blocks. The results showed that the success rate of the stock cotyledon pressing and clamping mechanism with the imitation blocks was 100%. It was also found that cotyledons could easily be broken by using the pressing and clamping mechanism without imitation blocks, and the breaking rate of cotyledons was 13.3%, but cotyledons was totally not broken by using the pressing and clamping with imitation blocks in the same condition. The damage rate of cotyledons surface was 21.6% by using the mechanism without imitation blocks, but it was totally not damaged by using the mechanism with imitation blocks in the same condition. The growth point of stock could easily be removed by using the mechanism with imitation blocks, and the remove rate of growth point was 98.3%, while it was only 16.7% by using the mechanism without imitation blocks. It indicated that the design of the stock cotyledon pressing and clamping mechanism with the imitation blocks was reasonable. It can better meet the requirements of the grafting and cultivation ofvegetables. The study provides a design reference for solving the problems on pressing cotyledons in the process ofvegetable grafting.

agricultural machinery; design, grafting;vegetable; grafting machine; cotyledons pressing and clamping; self-adaptive; imitating

10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.18.010

S233.74

A

1002-6819(2018)-18-0076-07

2018-04-02

2018-06-08

國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金（51775490）；浙江省科技廳公益基金項(xiàng)目（2014C32105）；浙江省機(jī)電集團(tuán)有限公司項(xiàng)目（2016JD004）聯(lián)合資助。

樓建忠，男，浙江諸暨人，副教授，博士生，主要從事農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械的研究。Email：loujz160@163.com

李建平，男，教授，博導(dǎo)，主要從事農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)器人研究。Email：jpli@zju.edu.cn

樓建忠，吳 康，陳駿煬，麻桂楊，李建平. 瓜類(lèi)蔬菜斜插式嫁接砧木子葉自適應(yīng)壓持機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J]. 農(nóng)業(yè)工程學(xué)報(bào)，2018，34(18)：76－82. doi：10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.18.010 http://www.tcsae.org

Lou Jianzhong, Wu Kang, Chen Junyang, Ma Guiyang, Li Jianping. Design and test of self-adaptive stockcotyledons pressing and clampingmechanism for oblique inserted grafting ofvegetables[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2018, 34(18): 76－82. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.11975/j.issn.1002 -6819.2018.18.010 http://www.tcsae.org