趙士鶴 彭文祥
摘 要:設(shè)計(jì)制作一系列“一進(jìn)兩出”交叉裂隙試樣,通過自主設(shè)計(jì)的高精度滲流測試系統(tǒng)中完成試驗(yàn),發(fā)現(xiàn)在高水力梯度和大雷諾數(shù)條件下,交叉角處形狀會對裂隙中水力特性產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重影響。發(fā)現(xiàn)“夾角模式”會影響兩條出水裂隙流量分配比(),并給出了影響分布域。
關(guān)鍵詞:非線性;交叉裂隙;水流分配;夾角模式;交叉角度
中圖分類號:TU45 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼:A 文章編號:1003-5168(2018)07-0088-03
Experimental Study on Behaviors of Fluid Flow in the Intersecting
Fractures at a High Hydraulic Gradient and a High Reynolds Number
ZHAO Shihe1,2 PENG Wenxiang1,2
(1. Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring, Central South University,Changsha Hunan 410083;2. Department of Geological Engineering, School of Geosciences and Info-physics, Central South University,Changsha Hunan 410083)
Abstract: Fluid flow tests were conducted on a series of one-inlet-two-outlet specimens with fracture intersections using experimental system for the fluid flow test. It was demonstrated that the intersection shapes can enhance the strong nonlinearity of the fluid flow at a high Reynolds number and a high hydraulic gradient compared with that in natural cases. The angle pattern, which is represented by the case of intersecting fractures, affects the ratio of the outlet flow rate distribution (
這3種“夾角模式”下,當(dāng)J為100~101量級、Re為104~105量級時(shí),水力梯度J和流量Q存在強(qiáng)非線性關(guān)系,且成二次函數(shù)關(guān)系,擬合曲線的相關(guān)系數(shù)R2>0.99,說明J和Q符合Forchheimer定律,這也與李博通過試驗(yàn)分別在以上3種“夾角模式”下所得結(jié)論一致。
2.2 “夾角模式”對[ε]的影響趨勢
圖3(a)給出了不同[β]取值情況的對比;圖3(b)給出了不同[α]取值情況的對比。為了便于觀察[ε]的變化趨勢,將圖3(b)中[ε]軸坐標(biāo)范圍設(shè)置得比圖3(a)小。
由圖3(a)可以看出,當(dāng)[β]恒定時(shí),[ε]關(guān)于[α]成不規(guī)則對稱分布。當(dāng)[β]<90°時(shí),[ε]在[α]<90°時(shí)的平均遞增速率小于[ε]在[α]>90°時(shí)的平均遞減速率;當(dāng)[β]>90°時(shí),[ε]在[α]<90°時(shí)的平均遞增速率大于[ε]在[α]>90°時(shí)的平均遞減速率。正因如此,導(dǎo)致了當(dāng)[β]恒定時(shí),[ε]關(guān)于[α]成不規(guī)則對稱分布。圖3(b)反映當(dāng)[α]取不同定值時(shí),隨著[β]減小,[ε]保持遞增,且當(dāng)[β]≤30°時(shí),[ε]劇增。
2.3 [ε]與[α]、[β]的關(guān)系
圖4是e為2.108~2.126mm、Rr為40mm、J為17情況下,[ε]、[α]、[β]三維曲面關(guān)系。由圖4可以看出,[ε]曲面是非閉合曲面,關(guān)于[α]=90°面成不規(guī)則對稱分布,當(dāng)45°≤[α]≤105°時(shí)[ε]曲面隆起較大。圖5是圖4的俯視圖,反映了[ε]在[α]-[β]平面的分布情況。從圖5可以看出,當(dāng)45°≤[α]≤105°、[β]≤60°時(shí)[ε]值較大,這與圖4中[ε]曲面在45°≤[α]≤105°時(shí)隆起較大一致。由此可以推測,當(dāng)[α]=90°、[β]趨近0°時(shí),[ε]值趨近無窮大。原因是:在45°≤[α]≤105°、[β]≤60°區(qū)域內(nèi),交叉角處形狀對水流分配的影響顯著。
3 結(jié)論
本試驗(yàn)中,共采集了51組“一進(jìn)兩出”“夾角模式”的試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)。全面系統(tǒng)分析了[α]、[β]對[ε]的影響。通過實(shí)驗(yàn)可以得出以下結(jié)論。
①J和Q具有強(qiáng)非線性。
②當(dāng)[β]恒定時(shí),[ε]關(guān)于[α]成不規(guī)則對稱分布,當(dāng)[β]≤60°、45°≤[α]≤ 105°時(shí)對[ε]影響較大,且[β]越小、[α]越接近90°,影響越顯著;當(dāng)[α]=0°或180°、0°<[β]<180°時(shí)對[ε]無影響。
③[ε]在[β]≤60°、45°≤[α]≤ 105°時(shí)取較大值,原因是該區(qū)域內(nèi)交叉角處形狀對裂隙中水流分配影響顯著;根據(jù)[ε]隨[α]、[β]的增長趨勢,可以推測當(dāng)[α]= 90°且[β]趨近0°時(shí),[ε]值接近無窮大。
參考文獻(xiàn):
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[2]Long JCS, Billaux DM. From field data to fracture network modeling: An example incorporating spatial structure[J]. Water Resources Research, 1987(7):1201-1216.