Module 2?The Renaissance

詞匯短語園地

1. appeal v. 懇求；呼吁

搭配：

（1） appeal to sb （for sth） （為某事）呼吁/懇請某人

He appealed to his friends for help.

他向朋友們請求幫助。

（2） appeal to sb to do sth 呼吁/懇請某人做某事

The police appealed to the crowd to keep calm.

警察呼吁群眾保持冷靜。

（1） appeal v. 上訴；有吸引力

搭配：

1） appeal against sth 不服某事而上訴

He appealed against the five-year sentence he had been given.

他對被判五年有期徒刑提出上訴。

2） appeal to sb 迎合某人的愛好；吸引某人

The idea appealed to Mary.

這主意正合瑪麗的心意。

（2） appeal n. 呼吁，懇求；上訴；吸引力

The country has made an appeal for help to the world.

那個國家向世界求助。

The new fashion soon lost its appeal.

這種新潮流很快就失去了吸引力。

2. loss n. 丟失；喪失

The loss of her purse caused her much inconvenience.

丟失錢包給她帶來了諸多不便。

The loss of income for the government is about $250 million a month.

政府收入每月大概減少2.5億美元。

3. seek v. 尋找；尋求

We sought （for） an answer to the question， but couldnt find one.

我們尋求這個問題的答案，可是沒能找到。

Most men seek wealth； all men seek happiness.

大多數(shù)人尋求財(cái)富，每個人都追求幸福。

seek advice/help/permission 征求建議/尋求幫助/征求同意

seek fame 追求名利

seek ones fortune 尋找致富（或成功）的機(jī)會

seek for/after 尋求；追求

seek sth from sb 向某人尋求某物

seek to do sth 試圖做某事

辨析：

比較seek，find和search

（1） seek“尋找；探索”，一般用于抽象意義，有時(shí)也表示渴望得到某一具體的東西，是比較正式的書面用語。它既可用作及物動詞，也可用作不及物動詞，作不及物動詞表“尋找；探索”時(shí)，既可接after也可接for。

（2） find“找到”，強(qiáng)調(diào)“尋找”的結(jié)果。

（3） search“搜尋；搜查”，后接要搜查的場所；后接人時(shí)指“搜身”。

4. blame n. （對錯事或壞事應(yīng)付的）責(zé)任

搭配：

（1） accept/bear/take the blame for sth 對某事負(fù)責(zé)任

You must bear the blame for the accident.

你必須承擔(dān)造成這次事故的責(zé)任。

We were ready to take the blame for what had happened.

我們愿對所發(fā)生的事負(fù)責(zé)。

（2） put/lay the blame on sb （將某事）歸咎于某人

Shell put the blame on us if it turns out badly.

如果結(jié)果糟糕，她將會怪罪于我們。

He is trying to lay the blame on me.

他企圖把責(zé)任推給我。

blame v. 責(zé)備；指責(zé)；把……歸咎于

搭配：

（1） blame sb for sth/doing sth 為某事責(zé)備某人/責(zé)備某人做了某事

Many children are afraid of being blamed for making mistakes in speaking English.

許多孩子害怕講英語時(shí)犯錯誤受到責(zé)備。

He blamed his teachers for his failure.

他把自己的失敗歸咎于他的老師。

（2） blame sth on sb 把某事歸咎于某人

The police blamed the traffic accident on Jacks careless driving.

警察把那起交通事故歸咎于杰克的粗心駕駛。

Its no use blaming our defeat on him.

把我們的失敗歸罪在他頭上是沒用的。

（3） be to blame （for sth） （對壞事）負(fù)有責(zé)任

注意：此處不能用被動語態(tài)。

The children were not to blame for the accident.

那次事故怪不著孩子們。

He is more to blame than you.

是他更應(yīng)受責(zé)備，而不是你。

Who is to blame for starting the fire？

這場火災(zāi)該由誰負(fù)責(zé)？

5. leave for 出發(fā)去某地

（1）“l(fā)eave for+地點(diǎn)”表示“動身去某地”

Next Friday， Alice is leaving for London.

下周五，愛麗斯要去倫敦。

He left for the front two weeks ago.

兩星期前，他出發(fā)去了前線。

（2）“l(fā)eave+地點(diǎn)+for+地點(diǎn)”表示“離開某地去某地”

Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing？

你為什么要離開上海去北京？

6. lead to 導(dǎo)致，通向，通往

All roads lead to Rome.

條條道路通羅馬。

Under given conditions， a bad thing can lead to good results.

在一定條件下，一件壞事可以導(dǎo)致好的結(jié)果。

An ordinary cold can soon lead to a fever.

一場普通的感冒很快便會引起高燒。

辨析：

比較lead to 和result in

Eating too much sugar can lead to health problems.

This investment program will lead to the creation of new jobs.

從以上句子可以看到，lead to的主語（即引起事情發(fā)生的主動方）多是一個動態(tài)的動作或計(jì)劃，其賓語（即被引起的事情）無嚴(yán)格的消極與積極之分，而且多用于描述客觀的可能性和對未來的預(yù)測。

The accident resulted in the death of two passengers.

These policies resulted in many elderly and disabled people suffering hardship.

從以上句子可以看到，result in的主語多是靜態(tài)、客觀的一件事或物，其賓語通常是不良或消極的結(jié)果，而且多用于描述已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事件。

7. take up 從事，開始做（某項(xiàng)工作）

After he retired from office， Rogers took up painting for a while， but soon lost interest.

羅杰斯退休以后開始畫畫，但沒多久就失去興趣了。

He had studied Japanese for a year and a half before he took up English.

他開始學(xué)習(xí)英語之前已經(jīng)學(xué)了一年半日語。

We took up physical chemistry at college.

在大學(xué)我們選學(xué)了物理化學(xué)課。

The scientist has taken up a new subject.

這位科學(xué)家已經(jīng)開始研究一個新的課題。

（1） take up （time/space） 占用（時(shí)間）/占據(jù)（空間）

That big table takes up too much room.

那張大桌子占的地方太大了。

Learning English takes up a lot of my time.

學(xué)英語占了我許多時(shí)間。

That boy took my time up with his questions.

那個男孩的問題浪費(fèi)了我的時(shí)間。

（2） take up 繼續(xù)；接著講

We took up our journey the next day.

第二天我們繼續(xù)趕路。

This chapter takes up where the last one left off.

本章繼續(xù)上一章談到的內(nèi)容。

（3） take up 接納（乘客等）；接受（挑戰(zhàn)、建議、條件等）

The bus stopped to take up passengers.

公共汽車停下來讓乘客上車。

He has taken up the bet.

他已接受打賭的條件。

（4） take up 提出（商討），討論

Theres another matter which we ought to take up.

還有一件事我們要提出來商量。

Does He Bite？

Mike： We have got a new dog. Would you like to come around and play with him？

John： Well， I dont know—does he bite？

Mike： Thats what I want to find out.

跟蹤導(dǎo)練

閱讀理解

A

He lived his whole life as a poor man. His art and talent were recognized by almost no one. He suffered from a mental illness that led him to cut off part of his left ear in 1888 and to shoot himself two years later. But after his death， he achieved world fame. Today， Dutch artist van Gogh is recognized as one of the leading artists of all time.

The Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam， home to the biggest collection of his masterpieces， draws around 1.3 million visitors every year. Some people enjoy the art and then learn about his life. Others are first interested in his life， which then helps them understand his art.

Van Gogh was the son of a minister. He left school when he was just 15. By the age of 27， he had already tried many jobs including an art gallery salesman and a French teacher. Finally in 1880， he decided to begin his studies in art.

Van Gogh is famed for his ability to put his own emotions （情感） into his paintings and show his feelings about a scene. His style is marked by short， broad brush strokes （繪畫筆法）. “Instead of trying to reproduce exactly what I have before my eyes， I use colour more freely， in order to express myself more forcibly，” he wrote in a letter to his brother in 1888.

Van Gogh sold only one painting during his short life. He relied heavily on support from his brother， an art dealer who lived in Paris. But now his works are sold for millions of dollars. His Portrait of Dr. Gachet sold for $82.5 million in 1990. “I think his paintings are powerful and the brilliant colours in them are attractive to people，” said a van Goghs fan.

1. Van Gogh killed himself because of ___ .

A. his illness

B. the poor life

C. his pain from the left ear

D. the pressure from his job

2. What can we learn about the Van Gogh Museum？

A. It is the home of van Goghs works.

B. It attracts around 1.3 billion visitors every year.

C. It has the biggest collection of van Goghs works.

D. It is popular for people to see works of famous persons.

3. What is one of the characteristics of van Goghs paintings？

A. The richness of colors.

B. The special strokes he made.

C. The various styles mixed together.

D. The likeness between his paintings and the reality.

4. What does the passage mainly talk about？

A. Van Goghs works

B. Van Goghs early life

C. Van Goghs later life

D. Van Goghs whole life

B

The works of Shakespeare and Wordsworth are boosters （助推器） to the brain and better than some guide books， researchers said.

Scientists， psychologists and English experts at Liverpool University have found that reading the works of Shakespeare and other classical writers has a beneficial effect on the mind， catches the readers attention and triggers moments of self-reflection. Using scanners （掃描儀器）， they monitored the brain activity of volunteers as they read works by William Shakespeare， William Wordsworth， T.S. Eliot and other classical writers.

They then “translated” the original texts into more “straightforward” modern language and again monitored the readers brains as they read the words. Scans showed that the more “challenging” essays and poetry set off far more electrical activity in the brain than the much plainer versions. Scientists were able to study the brain activity as it responded to each word and record how it “l(fā)it up” as the readers encountered unusual words， surprising phrases or difficult sentence structures. This “l(fā)ighting up” of the mind lasts longer， shifting （轉(zhuǎn)動） the brain to a higher speed， encouraging further reading.

The research also found that reading poetry， in particular， increases activity in the right side of the brain， helping readers to reflect on their own experiences， which they compare with what they have read. This， according to the researchers， meant that the classical works were more useful than guide books.

Philip Davis， an English professor， believes “The research shows the power of literature to shift thinking patterns， to create new thoughts， shapes and connections in the young and adults alike.”

5. According to the text， reading classical works can ___ .

A. improve our reading skills

B. benefit our mind and thinking

C. help learn more about history

D. help deal with physical problems

6. How did the scientists and experts do the experiment？

A. By learning the habits of the readers.

B. By reading works of different writers.

C. By scanning the readers brain activities.

D. By lighting up the activities of the brains.

7. What can we learn about reading poetry from Paragraph 4？

A. It has the same effects as reading guide books.

B. Its concerned with the right side of the brain.

C. It helps readers learn more difficult grammar.

D. It makes readers forget about their troubles.

8. What is the authors purpose in writing the text？

A. To present a study on brain activities.

B. To show the power of classical literature.

C. To introduce a research on reading classics.

D. To appreciate what great writers in England have done.

閱讀七選五

Recently some American scientists have given a useful piece of advice to people in industrialized nations. They say people should eat more of the same kind of food eaten by humans living more than 10，000 years ago. 1

The scientists say that the human life has changed greatly. Our bodies have not been able to deal with these changes in lifestyle and this had led to new kinds of sicknesses. 2 So they are called “diseases of civilization”. Many cancers and diseases of the blood system are examples of these.

Scientists noted that people in both the Old Stone Age and the New Stone Age enjoyed very little alcohol or tobacco， probably none. 3 However， a change in food is one of the main differences between life in ancient times and that of today.

Stone Age people hunted wild animals for their meat， which had much less fat than domestic ones. They ate a lot of fresh wild vegetables and fruits. They did not have milk or any other dairy products， and they made very little use of grains. 4 We eat six times more salt than our ancestors. We eat more sugar. We eat twice as much fat but only one third as much protein and much less vitamin C.

5 But scientists say that we would be much healthier if we eat much the same way the ancient people did， cutting the amount of fatty， salty and sweet food.

A. Stone Age people lived a simple life.

B. But today， we enjoy eating a lot of these.

C. In that case， they would be much healthier.

D. Ancient people also got lots of physical exercise.

E. These new sicknesses were not known in ancient times.

F. Modern people used to suffer from “diseases of civilization”.

G. People today probably dont want to live like our ancestors.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

完形填空

The story goes that some time ago， a man had a very lovely little daughter. One day， the man 1 his 3-year-old daughter for a roll of gold wrapping paper. Money was tight and he became 3 when the child tried to decorate a 4 to put under the Christmas tree. 5 ， the little girl brought the gift to her 6 the next morning and said， “This is for you， Daddy.”

The man was 7 at that moment by his earlier 8 ， but his anger flared again when he found out the box was 9 . He yelled at her， stating， “Dont you know， when you give someone a present， there is 10 to be something inside？” The little girl looked 11 at him with tears in her eyes and cried， “Oh， Daddy， its not empty 12 . I blew kisses into the box. They are all for you， Daddy.”

The father was crushed. He 13 his arms around his little girl， and he begged for her 14 . Only a short time later， an 15 took the life of the child. It is also told that her father kept that gold box by his bed for many 16 and whenever he was discouraged， he would take out a（n） 17 kiss and remember the love of the child who had put it there. In a very real sense， each one of us， as human beings， has been given a gold container 18 with unconditional love and kisses…from our children， family members， friends and the God. There is simply no other 19 ， anyone could hold， more than this.

1. A. asked B. praised C. begged D. punished

2. A. wasting B. stealing C. selling D. holding

3. A. glad B. angry C. sad D. upset

4. A. room B. hall C. box D. ball

5. A. Nevertheless B. Thus C. Therefore D. Also

6. A. father B. mother C. teacher D. sister

7. A. puzzled B. surprised C. scared D. embarrassed

8. A. overwork B. overpass C. overcoat D. overreaction

9. A. empty B. heavy C. full D. wet

10. A. happened B. seemed C. supposed D. used

11. A. down B. back C. up D. forward

12. A. at all B. after all C. above all D. in all

13. A. put B. turned C. handed D. gave

14. A. kindness B. forgiveness C. sadness D. carelessness

15. A. event B. adventure C. accident D. action

16. A. days B. months C. nights D. years

17. A. imaginary B. kind C. gentle D. warm

18. A. filled B. pleased C. crowded D. equipped

19. A. world B. feeling C. possession D. love

20. A. expensive B. precious C. comfortable D. interesting

語法填空

閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

“If youre talking to me in a noisy restaurant and my nerve system is good at locking onto the sound of your voice， I can understand you say better.”

The research at Northwestern University shows that playing a （music） instrument is good for your brain. And the brain remembers how to “l(fā)ock onto” the important sounds， although our ears may not work well as we age， and that helps us to hear better.

A scientist， living in France twenty years ago， （write） about what he called the “Mozart Effect”. He said that it could be helpful to the brain when （listen） to the classical music of Mozart. Some （research） said that Mozarts music would make you much （smart）， or even have some health disorders （cure）. Others said that there was nothing special about Mozarts music. Any kind of high energy music would work. So if the cost of a musical instrument or music lessons is too costly， can we get same brain experience just by listening？

Usually people have teachers， or they can teach themselves music. However， the point is that theyre （active） playing a musical instrument and engaging in making music instead listening to music passively.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

短文改錯

Before lunch Allen happened to see a man fished in a water hole about five metre outside a bar. Allen was stopped curiously. All people passing the man who was fishing regarded him like a foolish man. Allens heart went out to him. He said kindly to fish-catcher， “Hello， will you please do me a favor but have a drink with me in the bar？” The man gladly accepted her invitation. After buying the man several cups of soft-drinks， Allen asked， “You are fishing there， right？ May I know how much fish you have caught this morning？” “You are number 8，” said the man humorous.