Analysis of Dickens critical realism in the Great Expectations

胡楚婷

【Abstract】Critical realism refers to a literary trend of thought and creative methods formed in Europe in nineteenth Century， and the criticism of realistic literature is based on the realistic tradition of inheriting the previous literature. From the angle of exposing the crimes of capitalist society， this paper mainly reflects the social reality and deeply studies the realistic significance of critical realism literature.The first part mainly introduces the writing background and author Dickens of Great expectations； the second part mainly analyzes how the author applies superb artistic writing techniques to expose the social situation and reflect the reality.The third part of the paper concretely analyze the impacts of critical realism in the work on the current on society at that time and current society； Finally， analyze modern inspiration under the influence of critical realism literature. Through the study of these three parts， we hope to help researchers to learn the true embodiment of critical realism in the future，and to provide a reference for readers to know critical realism. On the other hand， we hope to help carry forward the research results of the predecessors.

【Key Words】critical realism；writing techniques；influence；enlightenment

The book of great expectations belongs to Charles Dickens's later works. It is written after the crisis in Dickens's life. In this period， due to the further deepening of the social darkness， the increase of age， and the misfortune of the personal marriage and love life， the depression of the author's thought has been enhanced. It is reflected that the tone of optimism is greatly weakened in the creation. As a reflection of the social malpractice and the portrayal of the human situation， Dickens's narrative art shows a subtle change， and Dickens's creation is in a period of self doubt growth. In the contemporary world， college students will inevitably be influenced by society. Why some people ignore their own reality， blindly compare consumption and why some start from petty theft to participate in robbery. Therefore， in addition to their grasp of Ideological and moral education and the gradual setting up of the correct world outlook， outlook on life and values， they also need to carry out aesthetic education to them and guide them to read healthy and beneficial， which is a literary work which is highly ideological， with great understanding value and strong appeal.

"Great Expectation" is one of the critical literary works. The analysis of this work makes students improve their understanding and good academic achievements in aesthetic pleasure， and lay a solid foundation for a good social atmosphere in the future， because some of them will step into the management of the country， Department， region and single. In the commodity economy society， capitalism， socialism and monetary relations are the most important social relations between people. Correct understanding， treatment and handling of this relationship will be beneficial to the construction of socialist spiritual civilization and social stability. History is a mirror， it is undoubtedly very important to explore the realistic meaning of critical realism and play its role in the creation of socialist literature and art.

The criticalness of realism contains lofty aesthetic ideals. Realistic literature usually examines life reality with a cool attitude and a critical vision， but this does not mean that it only focuses on the dark side of life， but only describes the negative and ugly things in an exhibition-style. Even if it is completely focused on the reveling of negative and ugly things， Realistic Literature also meets the words said by Belinskiy， “Any negation that wants to become lively and poetic should be negated for ideals.” （Huangyun. 2016：90）

It is not self-evident when it comes to the characteristics of Realistic literature， especially the critical spirit of it. However， it is not as simple as the average peoples view like. If you seem to see anything what is not pleasing to the eye， you can express the resentment through bestial words， but it has more abundant aesthetic connotation. Realism is based on a deep understanding of the realities of life. Some people said that history should be viewed dialectically， and reality should be viewed critically. Realistic writers are best at the observation activities about the reality of life with a critical vision. In such attention and review， they will often find the unreasonable things in life， or anything that is worthy of critical reflection， then through in-depth thinking to acquire the deep understanding of real life. People often said that Realism should reflect not only the reality of life， but also the reality of the essence， which is to emphasis on the writer's profound understanding of life. Without such deep understanding towards the essence of life， it is impossible to get the truth of real Realism， and it is also impossible to have the powerful criticism for real life which established on the basis of reality. This is what we can learn from many excellent realistic works.

【Bibliography】

[1]Johnson E.D.H.Charles Dickens：An Introduction to His Novels [M].Princeton University，2013.153.

[2]申丹.敘述學(xué)與小說(shuō)文體學(xué)研究[M].北京：北京大學(xué)出版社，2009.223.

[3]Lucas John.Charles Dickens：the Major Novels[M].Harmondsworth： Penguin Group.2010.

[4]Lucas， John. Charles Dickens： the Major Novels. Harmondsworth： Penguin Group，2012.

[5]朱紅.狄更斯小說(shuō)欣賞[M].太原：山西人民出版社，2014

[6] Rubinstein Annette T.The Great Tradition in English Literature from Shakespeare to Shaw[M]Vol II.New York and London：Modern Reader Paperbacks，2007.744.

[7]Wheeler Michael. English Fiction of the Victorian Period 1830-1890 [M].London：Longman，2009.107.

[8]Zhang， D.， & Wu， G. A New Concise History of English Literature. Shanghai： Shanghai Foreign Language Education.2002.

[9]蔣承勇.19世紀(jì)現(xiàn)實(shí)主義文學(xué)的現(xiàn)代闡釋[M].北京：高等教育出版社，2006.

[10]黃耘.小說(shuō)人稱(chēng)的敘述功能[J].外國(guó)文學(xué)評(píng)論，2016（4）.