山東 高安柱
數(shù)詞是指表示數(shù)目的多少或事物先后順序的詞。表示數(shù)目的數(shù)詞叫基數(shù)詞;表示順序的數(shù)詞叫序數(shù)詞。數(shù)詞的拼讀、數(shù)詞作主語、基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞的詞形變化、約數(shù)的表示法、分數(shù)的表示法是中考英語的重點和熱點。
1.表示數(shù)量。例如:
① Three and five is eight.3加5等于8。
②—How many bananas do you want?你想要多少香蕉?
—I want five.我想要5個。
2.表示號碼。例如:
My phone number is 566-3388.我的電話號碼是566-3388。
3.表示時間(幾點幾分、年代等)。例如:
① Grace watched TV until 11 o’clock last night.昨天晚上格蕾絲看電視看到11點。
②We were both born in 2005.我們倆都出生于2005年。
4.hundred、thousand、million等詞前面有具體數(shù)字時不能加 “-s”;表示不確定的數(shù)字時,數(shù)詞用復數(shù),若后跟名詞,則需再加of,構成“復數(shù)基數(shù)詞+of+名詞”短語。例如:
①They built the city two thousand years ago.他們在2000年前建造了這座城市。
②Millions of visitors come to visit the Great Wall every year.每年上百萬的游客來參觀長城。
5.“……十”的數(shù)詞的復數(shù)形式表示人的歲數(shù)(即“in one’s+數(shù)詞復數(shù)”)或年代(即“in the+年代復數(shù)”)。例如:
① She left her hometown in her thirties.她三十來歲(31~39歲)時離開了故鄉(xiāng)。
②Computers were not so popular in the 1990s.在20世紀90年代電腦還不是很普及。
6.“基數(shù)詞+單數(shù)名詞(+形容詞)”構成的復合形容詞,各單詞間要用連字符。例如:
You have to pass an 800-metre-long bridge.你得經過一座800米長的橋。
7.“another+數(shù)詞+名詞”結構相當于“數(shù)詞+more+名詞”結構。例如:
They need another three hours to finish the work.=They need three more hours to finish the work.他們還需要三個小時才能完成這項工作。
1.序數(shù)詞常與定冠詞the連用,但當序數(shù)詞前有不定冠詞a/an或形容詞性物主代詞、名詞所有格時,不能再用the。例如:
①May is the fifth month of the year.五月是一年中的第五個月。
② Mother was my first teacher in my life.媽媽是我生命中的第一個老師。
2.序數(shù)詞在句中可以作主語、賓語、定語和表語。例如:
①The second is what we really want.第二個是我們真正想要的。(作主語)
② —Which seat did she take?她坐了哪個座位?
—She took the third.她坐了第三個座位。(作賓語)
③I think the first plan is perfect.我認為第一個計劃很完美。(作定語)
④ Peter is the fourth in our class.在我們班,彼得是第四名。(作表語)
【注意】序數(shù)詞前出現(xiàn)不定冠詞a或an時,則有“再……”或“又……”之意。例如:
We’ll read the passage a second time.我們將再讀一遍這篇文章。
1.表示分數(shù)。分數(shù)由基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞構成,分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞。分子超過1時,分母用復數(shù)。例如:
Two thirds(2/3)of the students in our class get to school by bus.我們班三分之二的同學乘坐公交車上學。
2.表示編號。用序數(shù)詞表示編號時,應放在被修飾詞之前,前面要加定冠詞;用基數(shù)詞表示編號時,前面不用冠詞,但語序與漢語相反。例如:
We are learning Lesson Five.= We are learning the fifth lesson.我們正在學第五課。
1.Today is Jack’s birthday.He is_________years old now. 【2017·重慶中考題】
A.fourteenth B.fourteen
C.the fourteenth D.the fourteen
【答案與解析】B 考查基數(shù)詞。表示年齡用基數(shù)詞,而且前面不加冠詞。
2.Two months ago,China tested its_________aircraft carrier built completely on its own.【2017·廣東省中考題】
A.one B.first C.the one D.the first
【答案與解析】B 考查序數(shù)詞。強調第一艘航空母艦應用序數(shù)詞,且前面有形容詞性物主代詞,因此序數(shù)詞前不用冠詞the。
3.My grandparents live in an old apartment with____________floors and they are on the_________floor. 【2017·濱州中考題】
A.fifth;three B.fifth;third
C.five;three D.five;third
【答案與解析】D 考查數(shù)詞辨析。第一空表示數(shù)量,用基數(shù)詞five;第二空表示公寓樓層用序數(shù)詞,序數(shù)詞前常加定冠詞the。
4._________of the land in that town_______covered with trees and grass.【2017·達州中考題】
A.Two fifth;is B.Two fifth;are
C.Two fifths;is D.Two fifths;are
【答案與解析】C 考查分數(shù)的表示法及主謂一致。分數(shù)的分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞,當分子超過了1時,分母用復數(shù)形式。根據(jù)land是不可數(shù)名詞可知,謂語動詞應用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。
5.There are_________tourists visiting the island on May Day every year. 【2017·新疆中考題】
A.two thousand B.two thousands
C.thousands of D.thousand of
【答案與解析】C 考查約數(shù)的用法。hundred、thousand、million等數(shù)詞與of連用表示約數(shù)時,這些詞后須加-s,且不可與具體數(shù)字連用。
1.Middle schoolstudents need atleast_________hours for sleep every day.
A.nine B.nineteen C.ninth D.ninety
2.Nancy is_________years old.Today is her_________birthday.
A.fifteen;fifteen B.fifteenth;fifteen
C.fifteenth;fifteenth D.fifteen;fifteenth
3.Only three_________babies were born in the town last year.
A.hundreds of B.hundreds
C.hundred D.hundred of
4._________college students went to the hall to listen to the scientist’s_________speech.
A.Thousands of;40-minutes
B.Two thousand;40-minute
C.Two thousands;40-minutes
D.Thousands of;40-minutes
5._______of the students in Sunshine Middle School________from the countryside.
A.Two third;is
B.Two thirds;are
C.Two thirds;is
D.Two third;are