淺析藝術(shù)類中等專業(yè)學(xué)校英語新高考閱讀理解題型解題技巧

邵嵐

【摘要】筆者總結(jié)了八點適合藝考生的解題方法：三步法、同義替換、推斷、細節(jié)、主旨大意、邏輯關(guān)系、猜詞與指代、詞感。通過這八點解題方法，旨在學(xué)生解新高考英語閱讀題中得高分。

【關(guān)鍵詞】英語新高考；閱讀理解；解題技巧

新高考英語閱讀題，閱讀選材廣泛，各種文體各占一定的比例，在內(nèi)容上貼近生活，語言能夠體現(xiàn)當(dāng)代英語的特點，語篇邏輯經(jīng)得起推敲，與學(xué)生的閱讀水平相吻合。閱讀理解設(shè)計題目的結(jié)構(gòu)難度基本穩(wěn)定，方式大致相同。但詞匯總量加大，閱讀速度提高，且非考綱詞匯有所增加，長難句有所增加。時文報道類、科普知識類、應(yīng)用廣告類、史地文化、短篇故事、說理小品、幽默小品是高考熱門文章。但是藝術(shù)類考生對于這一題型解題基本靠猜，導(dǎo)致失分較多。針對這種實際情況，我總結(jié)了八點適合藝考生的解題方法，希望可以幫助他們得分。

一、三步法

首先通過題目中的信息詞定位到文章段落。其次，確定兩個信息，即“題中所問”和“文中所寫”的信息。最后，從答案的選項中進行信息匹配。定位方法可分為：同義替換、推斷、細節(jié)排除、主旨大意、邏輯定位、猜詞指代、詞感判斷和長句子等八種。

首先我們要學(xué)會通過三步法找到答案。

Diana Jacobs thought her family had a workable plan to pay for college for her 21-year-old twin sons： a combination of savings， income， scholarships， and a modest amount of borrowings. Then her husband lost his job， and then the plan fell apart.

“I have two kids in college， and I want to say ‘ come home， but at the same time I want to provide them with a good education，” says Jacobs.

The Jacobs family did work out a solution： They asked and received more aid from the schools， and each son increased his borrowing to the maximum amount through the federal loan program. They will each graduate with $20，000 of debt， but at least they will be able to finish school.

With unemployment rising， financial aid administrators expect to hear more families like the Jacobs. More students are applying for aid， and more families expect to need student loans. College administrators are concerned that they will not have enough aid money to go around.

At the same time， tuition continue to rise. A report form the National Center for Public Policy and Higher Education found that college tuition and fees increased 439% from 1982 to 2007， while average family income rose just 147%. Student borrowing has more than doubled in the last decade.

“If we go on this way for another 25 years， we wont have an affordable system of higher education，” says Patrick M. Callen， president of the center. “The middle class families have been financing it through debt. They will send kids to college whatever it takes， even if that means a huge amount of debt.

Financial aid administrators have been having a hard time as many companies decide that students loans are not profitable enough and have stopped making them. The good news， however， is that federal loans account for about three quarters of student borrowing， and the government says that money will flow uninterrupted.

1.According to Paragraph 1， why did the plan the Jacobs family fail？

A.The twins wasted too much money

B.The father was out of work.

C.Their savings ran out

D.The family fell apart

2.How did the Jacobs manage to solve their problem？

A.They asked their kids to come home.

B.They borrowed $20，000 from the school.

C.They encouraged their sons to do part-time jobs.

D.They got help from the school and the federal government.

3.Financial aid administrators believe that .

A.More families will face the same problem as the Jacobs

B.The government will receive more letters of complaint

C.College tuition fees will double soon

D.Americas unemployment will fall

4.What can we learn about the middle class families from the text？

A.They blamed the government for the tuition increase

B.Their income remained steady in the last decade

C.They will try their best to send kids to college

D.Their debts will be paid off within 25 years

5.According to the last paragraph， the government will .

A.Provide most students with scholarships

B.Dismiss some financial aid administrators

C.Stop the companies from making student loans

D.Go on providing financial support for college students

二、同義替換

Practice

Arthur Miller （1915-2005） is universally recognized as one of the greatest dramatists of the 20th century. Millers father had moved to the USA from Austria Hungary， drawn like so many others by the “Great American Dream”. However， he experienced severe financial hardship when his family business was ruined in the Great Depression of the early 1930s.

1.Why did Arthur Millers father move to the USA？

A.He suffered from severe hunger in his home country.

B.He was attracted by the “Great American Dream”

C.He hoped to make his son a dramatist.

D.His family business failed.

三、推斷

“那棟大樓冒煙了”。從這句話中我們可以推斷出 。

那棟大樓在冒煙 B. 那棟大樓里有煙

C. 那棟大樓里冒出來的是煙 D. 那棟大樓里有東西在燃燒

很明顯，ABC選項都是對事實進行闡述而已，只有D選項是根據(jù)事實進行的合理推斷。閱讀理解中的推斷所依據(jù)的可以是事實，也可以是作者的態(tài)度、觀點等，總之，要學(xué)會從文章所給的信息中進行合理的推斷。

Practice

One day， when I was working as a psychologist in England， an adolescent boy showed up in my office. It was David. He kept walking up and down restlessly， his face pale， and his hands shaking slightly. His head teacher had referred him to me. “This boy has lost his family，” he wrote. “He is understandably every sad and refuses to talk to others， and Im very worried about him. Can you help？”

1.When he first met the author， David .

A.Felt a little excited B. Walked energetically

C. Looked a little nervous D. Showed up with his teacher

四、細節(jié)

細節(jié)題通常是將正確的信息和多個干擾信息混淆在一起。因此，細節(jié)題多用排除法。

Practice

If a diver surfaces too quickly， he may suffer the bends. Nitrogen dissolved in his blood is suddenly liberated by the reduction of pressure. The consequence， if the bubbles accumulate in a joint， is sharp pain and a bent body—thus the name. If the bubbles form in his lungs or his brain， the consequence can be death.

Which of the following is a typical symptom of the bends？

A twisted body. B. A gradual decrease in blood supply.

C. A sudden release of nitrogen in blood D. A drop in blood pressure

五、主旨大意

主旨大意分整個文章的主旨和段落主旨。

1.看首尾——看文章的首尾段落或段落的首尾句。

2.看詞頻——依據(jù)信號詞出現(xiàn)的頻率。

3.大小標(biāo)題都要看。

4.邏輯關(guān)系表強調(diào)。

Practice

Some people think that success in only for those with talent or those who grow up in the right family， and others believe that success mostly comes down to luck. Im not going to say luck， talent， and circumstances dont come into play because they do. Some people are born into the right family while others are born with great intelligence， and thats just the reality of how life is.

1.Paragraph 1 mainly talks about .

A.The reason for success B. The meaning of success

C. The standards of success D. The importance of success

六、邏輯關(guān)系

邏輯關(guān)系多以轉(zhuǎn)折、因果居多，目的是為了引出重點，包括文章的論點，作者的態(tài)度、觀點等。邏輯關(guān)系詞如同是指路明燈，因此通過邏輯關(guān)系可直接略過干擾信息，快速定位到文章的有效信息。常見的邏輯關(guān)系詞有：but/however/even if（though）/although/so等。

Practice

It doesnt mean that you should dress as a superhero for you next job interview. But， next time you are tested in a way that seems impossible， imagine what it would take to overcome it. Become the person you need to become to win over your challenge and do it in your mind first. So， let your imagination run wild， and dare to dream.

1.In the last paragraph， you are advised .

A.To go through some difficult tests

B.To wake up from your wild dreams

C.To become a powerful person in your mind

D.To wear expensive clothes for job interviews

七、猜詞與指代

猜詞——依據(jù)上下文，具體可以通過對比、定義、描述、概括及近義詞提示等確定意思。

指代——指代前面的名詞。

Practice

The advanced EP also heats the room evenly， wall to wall and floor to ceiling. It comfortably covers an area up to 350 square feet. Other heaters heat rooms unevenly with most of the heat concentrated to the center of the room. And they only heat an area a few feet around the heater. With the EP， the temperature will not vary in any part of the room.

1.The underlined word “evenly” in paragraph 4 probably means _____.

A.Continuously B. Separately C. Quickly D. Equally

八、詞感

通過對詞語的感情色彩來判斷文章的基調(diào)及作者的態(tài)度等。詞感總的可以分為向上和向下兩類：向上表示積極的、正確的、好的；向下的表示消極的、負面的、不好的。

Practice

But when asked which authors they actually enjoy， people named J.K Rowling， John Grisham， Sophie Kinsella（ah， the big sellers， in other words）. Forty-two percent of people asked admitted they turned to the back of the book to read the end before finishing the story （Ill come clean： I do this and am astonished that 58 percent said they had never done so）.

1.What is the authors attitude to 58% of readers？

A.Favorable B. Uncaring C. Doubtful D. Friendly