高考話題下的基礎(chǔ)知識復(fù)習(xí)

山東 沙俊燕

在《教學(xué)考試》2018高考英語1的《高三英語話題式一輪復(fù)習(xí)初探》一文中筆者介紹了話題式一輪復(fù)習(xí)的背景、理論依據(jù)及基本做法。本文則嘗試以高考話題“旅游與交通”為例具體介紹在話題背景下如何進(jìn)行基礎(chǔ)知識的有效復(fù)習(xí)，如何將話題式復(fù)習(xí)與高考對接，以及在該話題下教師宜采取何種教學(xué)策略與方法。

一、話題導(dǎo)入與頭腦風(fēng)景

旅游與交通（Travelling and Transportation）

一、話題導(dǎo)入與頭腦風(fēng)暴

利用圖片迅速導(dǎo)入話題Travelling and Transportation。亮麗的圖片很容易給高三學(xué)生疲憊的大腦帶來愉悅感，激發(fā)學(xué)習(xí)熱情。教師繼而啟發(fā)學(xué)生進(jìn)行頭腦風(fēng)暴（brainstorming），幫助學(xué)生盡可能多地回憶與話題相關(guān)的詞匯、短語與句式。

這一環(huán)節(jié)可以采取學(xué)生說、老師板書的形式。也可以進(jìn)行小組合作，繪制關(guān)于話題詞匯、短語、句式的思維導(dǎo)圖、知識樹或氣泡圖，之后進(jìn)行投影展示。然后，老師利用PPT或數(shù)個思維導(dǎo)圖呈現(xiàn)話題詞匯、短語與句式。這時新舊知識便會在學(xué)生頭腦中產(chǎn)生碰撞。從而新知與原有相關(guān)知識產(chǎn)生鏈接，各就各位。

以下為該話題的話題詞匯、短語及句式。

話題詞匯：

aboard，abroad，accelerate，accident，accommodation，adventure，aeroplane，agent，aircraft，airliner，airport，alternative，amazing，attract，attractive，baggage/luggage，block，board，book，brake，cab，carriage，castle，canal，conductor，crash，crew，crossing，crowded，customs，delay，destination，disadvantage，drunk-driving，ferry，flight，fountain，guide，highway，helicopter，impressive，jet，journey，land，license，motorcycle，museum，obey，outing，passenger，passport，passer-by，pedestrian，pilot，platform，port/harbor，pyramid，queue，reception，reserve，route，satisfy，scene，scenery，secure，sidewalk/pavement，sight，sightseeing，sign，site，speed，spot，steward，stewardess，subway，suitcase，temple，terminal，tip，tour，tourism，tourist，traffic，tram，trap，traveller，trip，truck，underground，vehicle，visa，voyage...

話題短語：

a place of interest，a summer resort，appeal to，avoid traffic jams，be struck by，be/get stuck in，beyond description，book a single/double room，bullet train，carry out，cancel the flight，check in，check out，catch one’s eye，contribute to，double-decker train，driving license/permit，express train，ensure people’s safety on the road，economic class，go aboard，have a good time/have fun，hold up，improve traffic safety awareness，knock into/against，nonstop flight，obey/observe traffic regulations，paddle，parking lot，passenger plane，pay a fi ne，pedestrian crossing，public transportation...

話題句式：

1.It+be＋adj.+todosth.

It’s very convenient to get there by taking Buses No.17，69 or 59 beside Subway Line.

2.As is known to us all

As is known to us all，Mount Huashan is famous for its breathtaking cliffs and its unique characteristics.

3.on/upon+名詞或動名詞

On arriving at the top of the hill，we were deeply attracted by the beautiful scenery.

4.the moment引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句

The moment we arrived，we were given a warm welcome by the local people.

二、話題核心知識補(bǔ)充與點(diǎn)撥

接下來是對核心詞匯、短語的點(diǎn)撥教學(xué)，即對重點(diǎn)詞匯的詞形變化、習(xí)慣搭配、一詞多義、多詞一義、近義詞反義詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充與強(qiáng)調(diào)。在此教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié)中，教師簡明扼要地進(jìn)行點(diǎn)撥教學(xué)，學(xué)生認(rèn)真做筆記，同時在頭腦中積極建構(gòu)知識體系。如：

1.attractvt.吸引，引起→attractiveadj.吸引人的，有魅力的→attractionn.吸引力，具有吸引力的事物或人

2.satisfy vt.滿足，使?jié)M意→satisfactionn.滿意，滿足→satisf i edadj.感到滿意的→satisfyingadj.令人滿意的

滿意的：satisf i ed，pleased，content，contented

滿足某人的需求：satisfy/meet one’s need

3.reservevt.預(yù)訂；保留→reservationn.預(yù)訂；保留意見→reservedadj.預(yù)訂的，保留的

近義詞：reserve預(yù)訂，保留

book 預(yù)訂，預(yù)約

order 訂購

4.amazingadj.驚人的→amazevt.使吃驚，使驚訝→amazedadj.吃驚的，驚愕的

5.alternativeadj.可供選擇的n.選擇

多詞一義：

選擇alternative；choice；option

6.被打動，感動be moved/touched/affected/struck by

教師點(diǎn)撥教學(xué)完成后，最好給學(xué)生留出一定時間當(dāng)堂識記鞏固，然后進(jìn)行語境活用檢測。盡量選取高考試題中的句子改編成練習(xí)讓學(xué)生進(jìn)行填詞檢測，這樣可以使基礎(chǔ)知識的復(fù)習(xí)與高考對接。便于學(xué)生體會與本話題相關(guān)的基礎(chǔ)知識在高考試題中是如何進(jìn)行考查的。以下為部分習(xí)題展示：

語境活用 [用所給詞的正確形式填空]

1.Hundreds of people have formed__________________（impress）of you through that little device（裝置） on your desk.

2.No matter how __________（attract） they look in the store，once I get them home they’re unfailingly dry，hard and tasteless.

3.What’s the author’s attitude toward continued parental_________（guide） to college students？

4.And by doing so，I changed an unhappy experience into the most___________________________ （amaze） adventure of my life.

5.He had more job ______（satisfy），a better marriage and was healthier.

三、話題基礎(chǔ)知識用法突破

該環(huán)節(jié)的教學(xué)宜采取學(xué)生自學(xué)→小組討論展示（口頭展示與書面展示相結(jié)合）→小組/教師點(diǎn)評→教師補(bǔ)充強(qiáng)調(diào)等方式。當(dāng)然，課堂的具體實(shí)施還要視教學(xué)內(nèi)容難度、學(xué)情而定。以下為話題式基礎(chǔ)知識用法突破環(huán)節(jié)的部分學(xué)案：

1.trapn.夾子；陷阱；困境；圈套

v.使困住，使陷于；使落網(wǎng)

（1）Amanda felt that marriage was a trap.

阿曼達(dá)覺得婚姻是一個陷阱。（朗文詞典）

（2）She _________________ the burning house at that moment.

2.那時她被困在燃燒著的房子里。

層級訓(xùn)練

基礎(chǔ)知識訓(xùn)練——[單句語法填空]

（1）Were you just trying to trap her ________ making a mistaken decision?

（2）Her mother Donna ______________（trap） in the destroyed building.

（3）Mary set a trap for Peter and he really fell_____________ it.寫作能力提升——[句式升級]

（4）He was trapped in a traffic jam，so he had to be patient，waiting.（用過去分詞短語作狀語改寫）

____________________，he had to be patient，waiting.

3.The moment we arrived，we were given a warm welcome by the local people.

我們一到達(dá)就受到了當(dāng)?shù)厝说臒崃覛g迎。

（1）I want to see him the moment he arrives.

他一到達(dá)我就想去看他。

（2）______________ I saw Suzy Khan，I knew I had to help her.

我第一次見到Suzy Khan，我就知道我必須幫助她。

名師點(diǎn)撥

for the fi rst time在句中只能作狀語，不具有連詞功能，不能用來引導(dǎo)狀語從句。

層級訓(xùn)練

基礎(chǔ)知識訓(xùn)練——[單句改錯]

（1）Naturally，you were nervous when you went on the platform the fi rst time.

寫作能力提升——[同義句改寫]

（2）Alisha fell asleep the moment she got into bed.

① Alisha fell asleep __________________.（用 as soon as改寫）

②Alisha fell asleep __________________.（用以- ly結(jié)尾的連詞改寫）

四、話題基礎(chǔ)知識的復(fù)現(xiàn)與內(nèi)化——話題聽力與話題閱讀

在學(xué)習(xí)了話題基礎(chǔ)知識后，教師需要為學(xué)生提供不同形式的練習(xí)使知識得以復(fù)現(xiàn)與內(nèi)化。話題聽力、閱讀、完形填空等練習(xí)都是很好的知識復(fù)現(xiàn)練習(xí)方式。因?yàn)槁犃烷喿x材料與話題相關(guān)，該話題的核心詞匯、短語及句式在語言材料中便會有效復(fù)現(xiàn)，且以語篇為載體。學(xué)生在認(rèn)真完成這些練習(xí)的過程中，對話題基礎(chǔ)知識相當(dāng)于進(jìn)行了有意義的復(fù)習(xí)，并實(shí)現(xiàn)了一定程度的內(nèi)化。下面是一篇“旅游與交通”的話題閱讀。筆者用斜體將話題詞匯與短語加以強(qiáng)調(diào)，大家可以清楚地看到基礎(chǔ)知識在語言材料中的復(fù)現(xiàn)。

（2016·全國卷Ⅱ）

A newcollection of photosbrings an unsuccessfulAntarctic voyageback to life.

Frank Hurley’spictureswould be outstanding—undoubtedly fi rst-rate photo-journalism—if they had been made last week.In fact，they wereshotfrom 1914 through 1916，most of them after a disastrous shipwreck（海難），by acameramanwho had no reasonable expectation ofsurvival.Many of the images were stored in an ice chest，underfreezingwater，in thedamagedwooden ship.

The ship was theEndurance，a small，tight，Norwegianbuilt three- master that was intended to take Sir Ernest Shackleton and a smallcrewofseamenand scientists，27 men in all，to the southernmostshoreof Antarctica’s Weddell Sea.From that point Shackleton wanted to force apassagebydog sled（雪橇）across the continent.Thejourneywas intended to achieve more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done.Captain Scott hadreachedthe South Pole early in 1912 but had died with his fourcompanionson the march back.

As writer Caroline Alexander makes clear in her forceful and well- researched storyThe Endurance，adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial effort.Scott’s last journey，completed as he lay in atentdying of cold and hunger，caught the world’s imagination，and a film made in his honor drew crowds.Shackleton，a onetime British merchant- navy off i cer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908，started a business before his 1914voyageto make money from movie and stillphotography.Frank Hurley，a conf i dent and gifted Australian photographer who knew theAntarctic，was hired to make the images，most of which have never before been published.

33.What do we know about thephotostaken by Hurley?

A.They were made last week.

B.They showedundersea sceneries.

C.They were found by a cameraman.

D.They recorded a disastrousadventure.

34.Who reached the South Pole first according to the text?

A.Frank Hurley.

B.Ernest Shackleton.

C.Robert Falcon Scott.

D.Caroline Alexander.

35.What does Alexander think was the purpose of the 1914voyage?

A.Artistic creation.

B.Scientif i c research.

C.Money making.

D.Treasure hunting.

五、話題基礎(chǔ)知識向語言能力的轉(zhuǎn)化

在此教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié)，教師可以創(chuàng)設(shè)真實(shí)語境，可以原創(chuàng)以話題為背景的語法填空、翻譯或是寫作。旨在引導(dǎo)學(xué)生將所復(fù)習(xí)的基礎(chǔ)知識在語篇中主動地進(jìn)行運(yùn)用。從而逐步實(shí)現(xiàn)知識的內(nèi)化吸收，有效掌握。以下是一篇話題寫作：

假設(shè)你是某旅行社業(yè)務(wù)營銷主管李華，你的新西蘭筆友Nick將于十月來中國旅游，特來信詢問有關(guān)旅游景點(diǎn)情況。請你根據(jù)以下信息，寫一封回信，向Nick介紹時尚旅游產(chǎn)品“中原現(xiàn)代化新型農(nóng)村游”。

要點(diǎn)：

1.避開城市喧鬧，享受田園風(fēng)光；

2.氣候適宜，交通便利；

3.新農(nóng)村的住房以及娛樂設(shè)施（咖啡廳、酒吧、自由降落等）；

4.提供農(nóng)家食宿服務(wù)及家庭生活設(shè)備（汽車、游泳池、計(jì)算機(jī)、家用電器等）。

參考詞匯：

娛樂、消遣的recreational；

家用電器electrical household appliances

六、話題基礎(chǔ)知識與測試的對接——話題綜合能力檢測

學(xué)生基礎(chǔ)知識的復(fù)習(xí)最終將面臨高考的檢驗(yàn)，所以每個話題基礎(chǔ)知識復(fù)習(xí)完畢，需要教師帶領(lǐng)學(xué)生對該話題基礎(chǔ)知識進(jìn)行話題綜合能力檢測。

結(jié)語：

以高考話題“旅游與交通”為例的英語基礎(chǔ)知識復(fù)習(xí)策略與實(shí)施辦法已經(jīng)過教學(xué)實(shí)踐的初步檢驗(yàn)，并取得顯著成效。筆者希望本文能夠?qū)τ⒄Z學(xué)科高三基礎(chǔ)知識的復(fù)習(xí)提供一種新思路。期待更多同仁加入話題式復(fù)習(xí)的教學(xué)嘗試！