淺談?dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)說(shuō)明文概要的寫(xiě)作方法

毛春霞

重點(diǎn)詮釋

1. 說(shuō)明文是以說(shuō)明為主要表達(dá)方式，用簡(jiǎn)潔明了的語(yǔ)言來(lái)解釋說(shuō)明事物，闡明事理，從而給讀者提供知識(shí)的一種文體。

2. 在高考書(shū)面表達(dá)中，其主要命題形式為圖表式作文，有時(shí)也以圖畫(huà)式和提綱式作文來(lái)呈現(xiàn)寫(xiě)作材料。

3. 它要求語(yǔ)言要簡(jiǎn)明扼要，通俗易懂，說(shuō)明過(guò)程講究層次性和條理性。

4. 這種文體通常用第三人稱，時(shí)態(tài)以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)為主。

說(shuō)明文主要類型

1. 描寫(xiě)某事物的性質(zhì)功用。

2. 針對(duì)某個(gè)問(wèn)題提出解決方法或措施。

3. 介紹某現(xiàn)象及其原因和結(jié)果。

Passage 1： In the passage， the writer introduces the idea of a balloon robot to us， especially how it helps to guide people to their destination， from which we know it may become popular in the future.

參考模板

我們根據(jù)說(shuō)明文的不同類型， 分別給出三種參考模板：

1. 描寫(xiě)某事物的性質(zhì)功用。即“對(duì)象 + 性質(zhì)功用 + 利好”：

（In the passage） the writer introduces... （對(duì)象） to us， especially its... （性質(zhì)或功用）， from which we know...（對(duì)象帶來(lái)的利好）.

2. 針對(duì)某個(gè)問(wèn)題提出解決方法或措施。即“問(wèn)題 + 解決方法”：

The passage tells us... （問(wèn)題）， including... （方法1）， ...（方法2） and... （方法3）.

3. 介紹某現(xiàn)象及其原因和結(jié)果。即“現(xiàn)象 + 原因 + 結(jié)果”：

（The author / writer said / talks about）... （現(xiàn)象） of...， because / but... （原因/本質(zhì)1）， and... （原因/本質(zhì)2）.

特別提醒：在高考讀寫(xiě)任務(wù)中， 多為說(shuō)明某種社會(huì)現(xiàn)象的說(shuō)明文，此類型說(shuō)明文的模板如下：

a. 現(xiàn)象揭示類：

This article points out the common phenomenon—...（主題）， which... （補(bǔ)充解釋）.

b. 利弊對(duì)比類：

The article compares the disadvantages / benefits of A and B. A... while B...

The passage discusses the impact （影響） of sth. On the positive side...， but it may also...

c. 研究顯示類：

The study reveals （揭露） that...

The purpose of the report is to show that...

典型例題

閱讀下面短文， 然后以約30個(gè)詞概括這段短文的內(nèi)容。

Eye care is an important factor in all of our lives. However， we often ignore it. With an image not being able to see one day， anyone must think that is terrible. Without good eyesight， we seem to be able to do nothing， not to mention watching TV or reading books. Therefore， eye protection is necessary. It gives us not only a clear vision but a better future.In daily lives， what can we do to take care of eyes？ Firstly， as far as diet is concerned， we should eat more carrots， fish and some food rich in vitamins （維生素） and minerals （礦物質(zhì)）. Secondly， dont sit before a computer screen or TV for too long a time and take regular rest from time to time so as to relax eye muscles （肌肉）. It is helpful to look at green trees or fields. Thirdly， having enough sleep is the best rest for eyes.Besides， you should know how to keep eyes healthy. There are some dangers to eyes in our daily lives. You should keep them in mind. Bright sunlight is harmful to eyes. Therefore， when going out， especially in summer time when the sunlight is too strong， put on a pair of highquality sunglasses， which is able to play a good role in the eye care. Be away from smoke because smoke is bad for our eyes too. Take eye exercise every day to help relax eye muscles.Last but not least， take regular medical examinations to check out possible eye diseases and prevent eyes deterioration （退化）. Eyes are the most important organs （器官）， and we should use proper eye care products to avoid harm and make sure of good eyesight.

【解題過(guò)程】 本文在指出眼睛的重要性之后， 緊接著提出問(wèn)題“為保護(hù)眼睛， 我們可以做些什么呢”，然后分三點(diǎn)說(shuō)明應(yīng)該做些什么。因此，我們可以套用“問(wèn)題 + 解決方法”模式作答。參考答案：Our eyes are important for us， so the author tells us how to take care of our eyes， including eating healthy food， giving them enough time to rest， knowing some threats， and taking frequent eye examinations.

鞏固練習(xí)： 對(duì)號(hào)入座

練習(xí)1：閱讀下面短文，然后以約30個(gè)詞概括該文的主要內(nèi)容。（短文略）

The writer introduces the idea of a balloon robot， especially how it helps to guide people to their destination without being connected to the Internet， from which we know it may become popular in the future.

（“對(duì)象 + 性質(zhì)功能 + 利好”模式）

練習(xí)2：閱讀下面短文， 然后以約30個(gè)詞概括該文的主要內(nèi)容。（短文略）

The passage tells us how to be a good friend， including listening more to friends talking， offering help when necessary， staying with them and making plans together.

（“問(wèn)題 + 解決方法”模式）

練習(xí)3：閱讀下面短文， 然后以約30個(gè)詞概括該文的主要內(nèi)容。（短文略）

The passage introduces some examples to show that chemistry is everywhere in our life， especially its good effects， from which we know we should understand it more to help ourselves live better.

（對(duì)象 + 功能）

練習(xí)4：閱讀下面短文， 然后以約30個(gè)詞概括該文的主要內(nèi)容。（短文略）

The passage tells us how to stay healthy with our pets， including washing hands often， wearing gloves while cleaning the pets or their cages， taking them for examinations regularly and giving them proper food， etc.

（問(wèn)題 + 解決方法）

練習(xí)5：閱讀下面短文， 然后以約30個(gè)詞概括該文的主要內(nèi)容。（短文略）

The passage said Chinese Education Ministry has paid close attention to selfprotection education among school students because some knowledge about selfprotection may help one survive in case of emergency.

（現(xiàn)象 + 原因）

備考策略

1. 打好詞匯語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ)。

2. 閱讀注意概括要點(diǎn)。

3. 關(guān)注社會(huì)現(xiàn)象和社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)，學(xué)會(huì)用英語(yǔ)表達(dá)想法。

4. 每天一篇作文訓(xùn)練 （25分鐘）。

5. 積累“萬(wàn)能”句型，寫(xiě)作常用到的正確句型。

6. 建立詞句“錯(cuò)題集”。

7. 保證卷面整潔美觀。