要素串聯(lián)法

殷華新

一、學(xué)生習(xí)作中的常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤

高考英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作中要求考生對(duì)給定素材進(jìn)行約30個(gè)詞的概述，由于沒(méi)有接受過(guò)專(zhuān)門(mén)訓(xùn)練，很多考生在平時(shí)檢測(cè)中，基本上是根據(jù)字面的意思和個(gè)人的理解，從文中直接選用部分詞句進(jìn)行概括，而不去考慮所概述內(nèi)容是否精煉、準(zhǔn)確和全面。經(jīng)過(guò)一段時(shí)間的觀察，筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)主要存在著這樣幾個(gè)問(wèn)題：1. 概括內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)不完整；2.使用太多細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容而不是用概括的語(yǔ)言；3.過(guò)多引用原文詞句；4.詞數(shù)過(guò)多；5.用第一人稱(chēng)而不是第三人稱(chēng)轉(zhuǎn)述；6.時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤。

二、要素串聯(lián)法的概念

所謂要素串聯(lián)法就是考生通過(guò)認(rèn)真閱讀給定素材，快速確定關(guān)鍵要素，用符合英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣的正確表達(dá)把關(guān)鍵要素串聯(lián)起來(lái)，形成一個(gè)完整的概述。

三、要素串聯(lián)法的基本步驟

第一步：先通讀全文，找出關(guān)鍵要素。

who → 誰(shuí)

what → 何事

when → 何時(shí)

where → 何地

why → 原因

as a result / consequence / finally → 結(jié)果……， which led to...

第二步：用句型將要素串聯(lián)起來(lái)。

The passage mainly tells us that sb. （who...） did sth. （at someplace / sometime） because of / as a result of / due to...， which led to... finally / eventually...

四、概要寫(xiě)作應(yīng)滿(mǎn)足的條件

（1）概括內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)要：精、準(zhǔn)、全。

（2）不得直接引用原文的句子（同義詞組替換法；正話(huà)反說(shuō)法；語(yǔ)態(tài)變換；簡(jiǎn)單句變復(fù)合句……）。

（3）詞數(shù)：約30詞（小于20詞或大于40詞，扣2分）。

（4）一般以第三人稱(chēng)來(lái)表述。

（5）與原文時(shí)態(tài)一致（正文和結(jié)尾除外）。

五、當(dāng)堂操練

Last Sunday I went fishing. After setting up my fishing rod with bait， I sat down on the bank of the lake. But two hours later， I didnt catch any fish. I got very angry and began to pack up my stuff， preparing to go back home.

Just then， I saw an old man sitting near me. To my surprise， his basket was full of fish， so I went over to him， wanting to know why. “Excuse me， but how long have you sat here？” I asked. “About four hours，” he answered. “Four hours？” I couldnt believe my ears. “Yes. Its very important to be patient，” the old man said. “Dont consider fishing a tiring sport. Just enjoy it.” Suddenly， I understood what he said. I must learn to be patient. Then I sat there and waited for fish patiently. I felt a fish touch the bait， but I didnt move and waited for the right moment to reel it in. At last， I caught it. This made me very happy. In the following six hours， I caught over 10 fish.

On my way home， I thought what had happened on the bank. I gradually realized that the secret of success was patience.

第一步：先找出這篇短文的關(guān)鍵要素。

who → 誰(shuí)①I(mǎi) （the writer） ②an old man

what → 何事①didnt catch any fish

②his basket was full of fish

when → 何時(shí)

where → 何地

why → 原因

①got very angry

②Its very important to be patient as a result → 結(jié)果learn to be patient； caught it

第二步：用句型將要素串聯(lián)起來(lái)。

The passage mainly tells us that the writer who had no patience at first caught a lot of fish after becoming patient because of being influenced by an old man. Finally， he realized patience is the key to success.

六、課后鞏固

Once upon a time some tiny frogs held a competition. The first to reach the top of a very high tower would be the winner. A big crowd gathered around the tower to see the race and cheer them on.

The race began. No one in the crowd really believed that any of the tiny frogs would reach the top of tower. “They will never make it to the top”， someone said. One by one， the tiny frogs began to collapse. The crowd kept shouting， “Its too difficult！ No frog will make it！”

More tiny frogs got tired and gave up， but one continued climbing， higher and higher. This one wouldnt give up.

In the end， he was the only one left. The only one to get to the top. The other frogs naturally wanted to know： How did the frog make it？

One frog stepped forward to ask the winner. It turned out that the winner was deaf.

He had won because he was able to keep his own mind. He couldnt hear criticism； neither could he hear praise. There is a lesson for us all in the little frogs story.

Dont let others hold you back on your way to your goal.

One possible version：

The passage mainly tells us that only one frog tried his best to get to the top of a high tower and won the race because of his deafness， which led to him sticking to his own goals.