追隨三毛邊走邊唱

陳靜

4月20日，隨著三毛作詞的歌曲《橄欖樹》的歌聲響起，第二屆“三毛散文獎(jiǎng)”在浙江舟山啟動(dòng)。

首屆“三毛散文獎(jiǎng)”在去年成功舉辦后，“三毛”文化品牌已在國內(nèi)外產(chǎn)生重大影響。舟山市定海區(qū)通過建立三毛紀(jì)念館、三毛書吧，成立三毛研究會，進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大“三毛”文化品牌效應(yīng)。

其中，三毛研究會吸收了一批三毛文學(xué)研究者和愛好者，并在全國范圍內(nèi)聘請了20名專家組成專家委員會。在這些專家中，有一位西班牙姑娘，叫董琳娜。她熱愛三毛，熱愛三毛的文字，她把三毛的作品翻譯成西班牙文，用西班牙文展示了三毛的傳奇生活，也為三毛的海外讀者帶去了無法用言語述說的慰藉。

一位和三毛很有緣分的女生

董琳娜，1991年4月出生于西班牙巴塞羅那，2013年畢業(yè)于巴塞羅那自治大學(xué)，獲得翻譯與口譯學(xué)士學(xué)位;2017年畢業(yè)于上海財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)，獲得國際商務(wù)碩士學(xué)位;目前正在巴塞羅那自治大學(xué)攻讀翻譯與跨文化專業(yè)博士學(xué)位，現(xiàn)為該大學(xué)專門研究影視翻譯與無障礙環(huán)境的transmedia catalonia研究小組成員。其研究興趣包括翻譯與無障礙電影等，同時(shí)從事文學(xué)翻譯工作，已譯著出版兩部三毛的小說。

董琳娜在大學(xué)本科選擇了翻譯專業(yè)，在大一的時(shí)候，“有一次老師布置作業(yè)，要采訪一位中國朋友為什么學(xué)習(xí)西班牙語，我采訪的那位朋友正是因?yàn)槿艑W(xué)習(xí)西班牙語的。”這是董琳娜第一次在別人口中聽到“三毛”這個(gè)名字，知道三毛曾在西班牙留學(xué)，又嫁給了西班牙人。她開始對這個(gè)中國人感興趣，想把三毛的故事翻譯成西班牙文。但是在西班牙，很多人卻不知道三毛，“我知道三毛是一個(gè)很重要的人?！倍漳鹊恼Z氣很篤定。

那時(shí)候董琳娜的中文水平并不是非常好，正是因?yàn)槿訄?jiān)定了她學(xué)習(xí)中文的決心。

大學(xué)本科畢業(yè)后，董琳娜想更深一步學(xué)習(xí)中文，于是來到了中國。

在黑龍江大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)語言的時(shí)候，她語言課課本的第一篇課文就是三毛的《沙漠的飯店》，當(dāng)年在她心中留下的關(guān)于三毛的那個(gè)回憶浮現(xiàn)了?！拔矣X得和三毛很有緣分，就決定開始翻譯三毛的作品?！?/p>

在眾多三毛讀者眼中，三毛是愛自由和受過高等教育女性的楷模，為探索世界不惜跋山涉水，不懼沙漠中的孤寂，與西班牙人荷西相伴相隨。她書中充滿異域色彩的世界令人神往，她如電影一般的生活充滿吸引力;她的經(jīng)典作品《撒哈拉的故事》，也永遠(yuǎn)如一位摯友在你耳邊娓娓訴說那些故事。在她的影響下，許多人至今還會朝圣般地前往西班牙。

三毛的作品首次譯成西班牙文

董琳娜翻譯了不少三毛寫的故事，如《沙漠飯店》《啞奴》《結(jié)婚記》《娃娃新娘》……

翻譯了幾個(gè)故事后，她開始尋找出版社想出版，但是一直沒有成功?！霸谖靼嘌?，中國現(xiàn)代作家的作品很少被翻譯成西班牙文，所以我去尋找出版社的時(shí)候，遇到了不少困難?！崩щy壓不過熱愛，沒有出版社愿意出版，她仍然繼續(xù)翻譯。

2015年，西班牙的Rata出版社通過董琳娜的朋友知道董琳娜翻譯了三毛的部分作品，他們正好想出版?！拔野盐乙呀?jīng)翻譯好的幾個(gè)故事發(fā)給他們，出版社看了以后很滿意，當(dāng)時(shí)就決定出版了。于是我開始翻譯更多三毛的作品。”

2016年10月，三毛的作品《撒哈拉的故事》第一次被譯成西班牙文和加泰羅尼亞文（西班牙官方語言之一）出版。外文版《Diarios del Sahara（撒哈拉的故事）》，講述的就是三毛1974年到1975年生活在沙漠中的日常和故事。

“書出版以后，郵箱里開始收到一些讀者發(fā)來的郵件，和我聊三毛、聊荷西、聊他們的愛情，很多讀者還提出要求，希望我翻譯更多三毛的作品，那時(shí)候我才知道，西班牙有很多像我一樣喜歡三毛的人?！倍漳雀嬖V筆者。

《Diarios del Sahara（撒哈拉的故事）》出版后，董琳娜在她的朋友圈這樣寫道：

“我翻譯的《撒哈拉的故事》已經(jīng)發(fā)行了，我給我國（我的祖國）送的一輩子的禮物?！?/p>

“我今天曬幸福，請?jiān)徫?！三毛通過她的主要作品回到西班牙了！”

之后，Rata出版社甚至還收到了三毛西班牙朋友的來信?！霸瓉砣谖靼嘌肋€有很多老朋友，他們看到三毛的作品被翻譯成西班牙文后很激動(dòng)。有些是三毛曾經(jīng)的鄰居，信件中分享了三毛住在加那利群島中的丹娜麗芙島時(shí)的一些事情，這些讓我深受觸動(dòng)?！?/p>

2017年10月，董琳娜翻譯的第二本書《Diarios de las Canarias（夢中的橄欖樹）》出版了。目前她正在翻譯第三本，同時(shí)為一家西班牙影視公司拍攝三毛紀(jì)錄片，做資料的翻譯工作，“這部關(guān)于三毛的紀(jì)錄片現(xiàn)在正在拍攝中，三毛的家人也參與其中，在西班牙、中國臺灣及香港各地拍攝。”

關(guān)于三毛，她還想了解更多

三毛以其特立獨(dú)行的作品與人格氣質(zhì)，影響了好幾代人的精神生活。她筆下色彩繽紛的異國情調(diào)，字里行間的愛心，以及文中時(shí)刻迸發(fā)出的詼諧、機(jī)智，在讀者心中留下深刻的印記，董琳娜就是其中的一位。

“我翻譯三毛作品的時(shí)候，忙著在辭典中查閱她作品中古代詩詞的資料，沒有很仔細(xì)地去看，后來才細(xì)細(xì)閱讀她的故事，尤其是在翻譯了兩本書之后，我發(fā)現(xiàn)我的生活因?yàn)槿辛诵┳兓??！倍漳日f，“現(xiàn)在如果我遇到類似三毛遇到的情況，腦海中就會自然而然浮現(xiàn)三毛當(dāng)時(shí)的做法，我覺得自己慢慢開始受三毛的影響，有時(shí)候走在馬路上，就自然而然會想，這個(gè)時(shí)候，三毛會做些什么?！?/p>

三毛的人格魅力是毋庸置疑的，在董琳娜眼中，三毛身上的自強(qiáng)自立是最吸引她的?！拔乙恢币詾橹袊且粋€(gè)很保守的社會，但是通過三毛，完全顛覆了我之前對中國的印象，尤其是對中國女性?！?/p>

位于加那利群島首府La Palma的一處墓地，常年有鮮花相伴，長眠于此的男子José Mar a Quero，就是三毛的丈夫。他出生在Jaén，在馬德里長大，在1979年9月30日因潛水事故去世。他墓碑前經(jīng)常有鮮花，這并不是家人獻(xiàn)上的，因?yàn)榧胰瞬⒉蛔≡诖颂?。獻(xiàn)上鮮花的是來自中國、日本等國家的游客。

董琳娜是西班牙人，自從4年前搬到中國以后，很少回西班牙，每次回去的時(shí)間也不是非常充裕。她一直很想去荷西和三毛生活過的加那利群島看一看，“那邊還有很多三毛和荷西的朋友，他們很想認(rèn)識我，我也很期待和他們聊聊關(guān)于三毛、關(guān)于荷西的故事，希望明年可以有機(jī)會去……”

Over the years since the death of Sanmao （1943-1991）， the Taiwan writers wistful nostalgia has blossomed into a strong cultural fragrance that permeates the thousand-year-old coastal city of Dinghai in Zhejiang Province. April 20 of 2018 saw the grand opening of the second ‘Sanmao Prose Award in Dinghai， where the writers root-seeking sojourn in the breezy spring of 1989 in the small village of Chenjiacun wrote a chapter of immense significance in the cross-straits relation of China. The city is embracing the legacy of its “traveling daughter” through a host of Sanmao-themed cultural establishments including a Sanmao Memorial Hall， a bookstore and a Sanmao Research Society， the members of which include a Spanish girl who shows her love for the writer and her works in a very special， dedicated way.

Irene Tor Carroggio

The young Spanish translator is known as Dong Linna among her Chinese friends. Born in Barcelona in 1991， Irene Tor Carroggio graduated from Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona with a Bachelors Degree in Translation and Interpretation and finished her postgraduate study in Shanghai University of Finance and Economics， majoring in International Business. She is working on her Doctoral Degree to intensify her specialization in translation and cross-cultural study back in the Barcelona University， with a focus on barrier film study and literature translation. Her published translation works include two books by Sanmao， one of the most remembered writers from Taiwan， a province of China.

“I knew little about Sanmao until I interviewed a friend of mine for my homework in my first undergraduate year. That was how I became curious about the writer and her legendary life. Her beautiful writing made me want to translate her life stories into Spanish， and I soon realized Sanmao wasnt known by as many Spanish people as she deserves. One thing is for sure， that is， Sanmao deserves a position in the cultural landscape of Spain，” Dong Linna recalls.

A determined Dong Linna landed in Heilongjiang University to hone her Chinese skills. “Reading ， which recounts the writers fond memory about her happy， content years spent with her Spanish husband Josh， I felt closer to the writer and it all felt like destiny.”

Dealing mainly with her own experiences studying and living abroad， Sanmao's books were extremely well received and remain popular reads today. From 1976 to the time of her death in 1991， Sanmao published more than 20 books.

In 1976 San Mao published the autobiographical ， which recorded her experiences living in the Sahara together with her Spanish husband Jose， whom she first met in Madrid and later married in 1973 while living together in the then Spanish-controlled Western Sahara. Part travelogue and part memoir，? was an eye-opening account of life and love， and quickly established Sanmao as a travel writer with a unique voice. The wandering writer is loved by her readers for an unsullied heart yearning for a distant place where life may not be perfect but was pure and real. Sanmao spent most of her life as a nomad， following nothing but the heart to pursue spiritual freedom.

Over the years since the death of Sanmao， the writers wistful nostalgia has blossomed into a strong cultural fragrance that permeates the Chinese communities across the globe. Nearly three decades after her suicidal death， her soul-healing writing style and her heart-breaking romance with her soul mate is still bringing hard-core fans to La Palma， where her sweetheart rests in peace in a cemetery.

“I worked hard on the Sanmao project and got the translation of several of her essays done， but it was turned down a number of times when I was trying to find a publishing channel in Spain. It looked like Chinese modern literature is far away from being embraced by the mainstream Spanish readers. I carried on my translation anyway，” Dong Linna recalls.

The turning point finally came in 2015， when the girl received a call from Rata Publishing. “I showed them several finished projects and they were happy about the quality.”

The Spanish and Catalonian translations of? were released in October 2016. For the first time， the Spanish love story of Sanmao was shared with Spanish readers.

“Emails poured in from readers who wanted to talk with me about Sanmao and Jose. Many readers asked for more translation of her works， making me realize the immense significance of bringing the nomadic writers legacy back to the home country of her beloved husband. I also got letters from the writers many Spanish friends， including her neighbors on the Canary Islands， who shared their excitement with me.”

October 2017 saw the release of ， her second translated Sanmao book. She is now working on the third one and taking part in a documentary-making program commissioned by a company in Spain.

Dong Linna has been living in China for about four years.