Approximation for Certain Stancu Type Summation Integral Operator

Prerna Maheshwari

Department of Mathematics,SRM University Delhi-NCR Campus,Modinagar(UP),India

1 Introduction

H.M.Srivastava and V.Gupta[15],proposed a certain family of linear positive operators defined as

x∈[0,∞),where

and

? forc=0,φn(x)=e?nx,we obtain Phillips operators,

? forc∈N,φn(x)=(1+cx)?n c,we get the discretely defined Baskakov-Durrmeyer operators.

The sequence{φn}n∈Nof the function defined on an interval[0,b],b>0 satisfies the following properties for everyn∈N,k∈N0,

1.φn,c∈C∞([a,b]),

2.φn,c(0)=1,

3.φn,cis completely monotone i.e.,(?1)

4.There exist an integercsuch that

Remark 1.1.Functionsφn,chave many applications in different fields of Science and Mathematics like potential theory,probability theory,Physics and Numerical Analysis.A collection of most interesting properties of such functions can be found in[17].

These operators are also termed as Srivastava-Gupta operators(see[2,10,16]).In[7],authors have considered the Bezier variant of these operators and estimated the rate of convergence for functions of bounded variation.Motivated by the sequenceGn,Gupta et al.[4]also defined a mixed family of summation integral operators with different weight function.In approximation theory the genuine type of operators are very important,as they are defined implicitly with values of functions at end points of the interval in which the operators are defined.In 1954,Phillips[14]introduced such operators and later Mazhar and Totik[8]discussed these operators in different form.

In[5,11,12]authors have also studied in this direction and discussed different approximation properties of various operators.

Based on two parametersα,βand satisfying the condition 0≤α≤β,motivated by the recent work on Stancu type of generalization(see[1,9,13])in the present paper,we consider the Stancu type generalization of operators(1.1)as

wherepn,v(x,c)is defined above in(1.2).In this paper,we study simultaneous approximation for the casec=1 of the operators defined in(1.3)and establish Voronovskaja type asymptotic formula and error estimation.To obtain moments by using hypergeometric series,we use the technique developed by[6].

2 Alternate forms

The operatorsfor the casec=1 can be written as below.Forx∈[0,∞)

where the kernel

withδ(t)is Dirac delta function andpn,v(x)andbn,v(t)are Baskakov and Beta basis functions and are defined as

where the Pochhammer symbol(n)vis defined as

andB(n,v)are Beta functions.The operators(2.1b)can be written as

Using the hypergeometric series properties

we have

on applying Pfaff-Kummar transformation

we get

This is the alternate form of the operators(2.1b)in terms of hypergeometric function.

3 Auxiliary results

In this section,we present some lemmas,which will be useful for the proof of main theorem.

Lemma 3.1.For n>0and r≥1,we have

and

Proof.Takingf(t)=tr,using the transformationt=(1+x)zand applying Pfaff-Kummar transformation,we get

using(n+v)!=n!(n+1)v,we get

Thus,we complete the proof.

Now using

we have

Lemma 3.2.For0≤α≤β,we have

Proof.The relation between the operators(1.1)and the operators(2.2)can be defined as

by applying(3.2),we get the required result.

Lemma 3.3(see[3]).Let m∈N∪{0}and

then Un,0(x)=1,Un,1(x)=0and there holds the recurrence relation

and Uwhere[α]being the integral part of α.

Lemma 3.4.For m∈N∪{0},we define the central moments as

for n>(m+1),following recurrence relation holds

here

Consequently for each x∈[0,∞),we have from above recurrence relation that

Proof.The values ofμn,0(x)andμn,1(x)easily follow from the definition of operators(2.1a).To prove the recurrence relation,we apply the following identities

we get

Therefore,

On using the identity

we get

Integrating by parts and rearranging the terms,we get

hence the proof is finished.

Lemma 3.5(see[3]).There exists the polynomials φi,j,r(x),independent of n and v such that

4 Main results

In this section,we prove some direct results including asymptotic formula and error estimation.

Definition 4.1.LetCγ[0,∞)be defined as

then the operatorsare said to be well defined forf∈Cγ[0,∞).

Theorem 4.1.Let f∈Cγ[0,∞)be bounded on every finite subinterval of[0,∞),having the derivatives of order(r+2)at fixed00,then

Proof.We have the Taylor’s expansion for the functionfas

where?(t,x)→0 ast→xand?(t,x)=o(t?x)δast→∞,for someδ>0.By using Taylor’s expansion,we have

Using Lemma 3.2,we have

In the above expressionr(r?β),(2r+α)+x(1+r?β)andx(1+x)are the coefficients off(r)(x),f(r+1)(x)andf(r+2)(x)respectively,which easily follow by using induction hypothesis onrand then taking limit asn→∞.Therefore in order to complete the proof of above theorem,it is sufficient to show thatI2→0 asn→∞.For this using Lemma 3.5,we have

as?(t,x)→0 whent→x,hence for a given?>0,there exists a positive numberδ:|?(t,x)|0,which does not depend ont,we have

where|t?x|≥δ.Hence

where

Using Schwarz’s inequality,we have

On using Lemma 3.3 and Lemma 3.4,we have

and as?is arbitrary,it implies thatI5=o(1).

Again applying Schwarz’s inequality for summation and integration and then applying Lemma 3.3 and Lemma 3.4,we have

HenceI3→0 asn→∞.Since it is clear thatI4→0 asn→∞,we getI2=o(1).Combining the estimates ofI1andI2,we get the required result.

Hence the proof of the theorem is completed.

Theorem 4.2.For f∈Cγ[0,∞),for some γ>0and r≤k≤r+2.If f(k)exists and is continuous on(a?η,b+η)?(0,∞),where η>0,then for sufficiently large n

where M1and M2are constants independent of f and n,ω(f,δ)is the modulus of continuity of f on(a?η,b+η)andk·kC[a,b]denotes the sup-norm on the interval[a,b].

Proof.Using Taylor’s expansion on functionf,we have

whereθlies betweentandx,andξ(t)is the characteristic function on the interval(a?η,b+η).Therefore

Using Lemma 3.2,we have

Hence

To estimateL2,we follow

By applying Schwarz’s inequality for summation and integral,we have

Therefore by Lemma 3.5 and(4.1),we get

on[a,b],where

If we chooseδ=1/√and apply(4.2)we have

Sincet∈[0,∞)(a?η,b+η),here we optδsuch that|t?x|≥δfor allx∈[a,b].Hence by Lemma 3.5

for|t?x|≥δ,we find a constantKsuch that

whereβ≥ {γ,k}is an integer.Therefore by using Schwarz’s inequality for summation and integration and using Lemma 3.3 as well as Lemma 3.4,we follow thatL3=O(1/ns),for anys>0 uniformly on[a,b].

Combining the estimates ofL1,L2andL3,we get the required result.

Acknowledgements

The author would like to thank to the referees for their valuable suggestion in improving the quality of paper.Author is also thankful to National Board of Higher Mathematics,for providing a plate-form for research.

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