徐立慶 付強(qiáng)
[摘要] 目的 探討分析近5年心臟性猝死(sudden cardiac death,SCD)的研究熱點(diǎn)。 方法 采用PubMed數(shù)據(jù)庫,檢索式為"Death, Sudden, Cardiac"[Mesh] AND ("2013/03/14"[PDat] : "2018/03/12"[PDat]),檢索結(jié)果采用書目信息挖掘系統(tǒng)(BICOMB)軟件進(jìn)行常規(guī)文獻(xiàn)計(jì)量學(xué)分析,使用gCLUTO 2.1軟件進(jìn)行聚類及可視化分析。 結(jié)果 共檢索到文獻(xiàn)3090篇,統(tǒng)計(jì)分析后將SCD研究熱點(diǎn)劃分為7個(gè)主題:避免年輕運(yùn)動(dòng)員心臟疾病猝死的檢查、植入式心臟復(fù)律除顫器(ICD)治療心源性猝死、ICD預(yù)防年輕運(yùn)動(dòng)員由肥厚型心肌病引起的心律失常、不同年齡段SCD患者心臟病理損害差異、預(yù)防SCD植入ICD、SCD的預(yù)測(cè)因素及引發(fā)SCD的心臟相關(guān)性疾病。 結(jié)論 雙聚類研究熱點(diǎn)分析方法很好地體現(xiàn)了目前SCD的研究方向,可為科研選題提供參考。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 心臟性猝死;文獻(xiàn)計(jì)量學(xué);可視化;研究熱點(diǎn)
[中圖分類號(hào)] R541.78? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] B? ? ? ? ? [文章編號(hào)] 1673-9701(2018)35-0064-03
[Abstract] Objective To explore and analyze the research hotspots of sudden cardiac death(SCD) in the past five years. Methods The Pubmed database was used, and the search formula was "Death, Sudden, Cardiac"[Mesh] AND ("2013/03/14"[PDat]: "2018/03/12"[PDat]). The results of the search were analyzed by the Bibliographic Item Co-occurrence Matrix Builder(BICOMB) software for routine bibliometric analysis, and clustering and visual analysis were performed using gCLUTO 2.1 software. Results A total of 3090 articles were retrieved. After statistical analysis, the SCD research hotspots were divided into seven topics: examinations to avoid the death of young athletes due to sudden cardiac disease, implantable cardioverter defibrillator(ICD) for treatment of sudden cardiac death, ICD preventing arrhythmias caused by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in young athletes, differences of cardiac pathological damage in patients with SCD at different ages, implantation of ICD to prevent SCD, predictors of SCD, and cardiac-related diseases that trigger SCD. Conclusion Application of biclustering analysis method in analyzing research hotspots can well reveal the current research direction of SCD, which can provide reference for scientific research topics.
[Key words] Sudden cardiac death; Bibliometrics; Visualization; Research hotspots
心臟性猝死(sudden cardiac death,SCD)[1]由于結(jié)構(gòu)性心臟病或心臟的原發(fā)性電異常的心律失常導(dǎo)致。嚴(yán)重的左心室收縮功能障礙是缺血性或非缺血性心肌病患者猝死的主要標(biāo)志。致心律失常性心室發(fā)育不良、肥厚型心肌病、長(zhǎng)QT綜合征以及Brugada綜合征均可能是其致病因素。近年來研究顯示,β受體阻滯劑濫用可能與SCD發(fā)生有關(guān)。本文通過檢索2013年3月14日~2018年3月12日發(fā)表在PubMed數(shù)據(jù)庫關(guān)于SCD的文章,使用雙向聚類分析方法,研究當(dāng)前SCD的研究熱點(diǎn)。
1 材料與方法
1.1 檢索方法
基于PubMed數(shù)據(jù)庫,檢索日期為2018年3月13日;檢索詞為"Death, Sudden, Cardiac"[Mesh];檢索時(shí)間范圍為2013年3月14日~2018年3月12日。檢索式為:"Death, Sudden, Cardiac"[Mesh] AND ("2013/03/14"[PDat] : "2018/03/12"[PDat])。
1.2 分析方法
本研究采用BICOMB軟件對(duì)PubMed數(shù)據(jù)庫檢索結(jié)果中所有文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行歸納整理,主題詞的累積出現(xiàn)頻率大于36次定義為高頻主題詞,采用gCLUTO 2.1軟件對(duì)高頻主題詞進(jìn)行雙向聚類分析,形成高頻主題詞的共現(xiàn)聚類視圖與PMID可視化曲面圖共現(xiàn)聚類山峰圖。
2結(jié)果
在PubMed數(shù)據(jù)庫中共檢索到心臟性猝死相關(guān)主題文獻(xiàn)3090篇,符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的高頻主題詞共計(jì)41個(gè),采用gCLUTO 2.1軟件分析處理得到統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果,拉伸處理統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果可得到可視化矩陣圖(圖1),根據(jù)矩陣圖結(jié)果,高頻主題詞聚類分為7個(gè)集群:避免年輕運(yùn)動(dòng)員心臟疾病猝死的檢查、植入式心臟復(fù)律除顫器(ICD)治療心源性猝死、ICD預(yù)防年輕運(yùn)動(dòng)員由肥厚型心肌病引起的心律失常、不同年齡段SCD患者心臟病理損害差異、預(yù)防SCD植入ICD、SCD的預(yù)測(cè)因素及引發(fā)SCD的心臟相關(guān)性疾病。
可視化曲面圖(見封三圖4)能夠反映本研究主題聚類的整體特征及效果,山峰高度與主題詞聚類內(nèi)部相似度呈正比,山峰體積與主題聚類的元素?cái)?shù)量呈正比,山峰的顏色與主題集群內(nèi)部偏差呈反比,顏色越深則表明偏差越小。
3 討論
峰0∶0峰主要以PMID為文獻(xiàn)25384176、25963171、 25804554聚集而成。該峰高度最高,說明集群內(nèi)部文獻(xiàn)相似度最高。Sharma S等[2]研究報(bào)道稱為避免年輕運(yùn)動(dòng)員因心臟疾病猝死的檢查,美國(guó)心臟協(xié)會(huì)(AHA)主張以病史和體格檢查為主,這種方法實(shí)用且價(jià)格相對(duì)便宜,但敏感性較差,因?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)運(yùn)動(dòng)員無癥狀,體格檢查僅識(shí)別出少數(shù)具有心源性猝死風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的人。歐洲心臟病學(xué)會(huì)(ESC)主張以心電圖為主,此方法提高了嚴(yán)重心臟病檢出的靈敏度,但具有較高的假陽性率。而Tonnis T等[3]與Skalik R[4]則認(rèn)為應(yīng)重點(diǎn)篩查運(yùn)動(dòng)員患心臟異常的疾病并施行特定療法或預(yù)防措施。
峰1∶1峰的代表文獻(xiàn)為23813845、25776986、25912255。該峰顏色最深,說明該集群內(nèi)部文獻(xiàn)研究?jī)?nèi)容偏差最小。該集群研究顯示,植入式心臟復(fù)律除顫器(ICD)是治療心源性猝死一級(jí)預(yù)防和二級(jí)預(yù)防的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)護(hù)理方法[5-7]。
峰2∶2峰的代表文獻(xiàn)為26362577、26729607、2674 9314。該集群文獻(xiàn)[8-10]顯示:皮下植入除顫器可有效預(yù)防年輕運(yùn)動(dòng)員由肥厚型心肌病(HCM)引起的心律失常。
峰3∶3峰的代表文獻(xiàn)為26842111、23871401、2820 2258。該集群[11-13]主要的研究?jī)?nèi)容為:ICD裝置已被廣泛用于SCD一級(jí)和二級(jí)預(yù)防,但中國(guó)ICD使用率較低。不同年齡段的SCD患者心臟病理損害存在差異,這些差異可能因年齡不同心臟病理損害程度不同導(dǎo)致死亡。
峰4∶4峰的代表文獻(xiàn)為25784518、24993502、24906507。該集群[14-16]的研究?jī)?nèi)容為:在沒有ICD治療的情況下,評(píng)估在原發(fā)性預(yù)防SCD患者中選擇植入ICD的必要性。
峰5∶5峰的代表文獻(xiàn)為25591284、25533585、2558 3153。Millar L等[17]認(rèn)為遺傳性心肌病的首次表現(xiàn)可能是心臟驟停。其他情況包括運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)胸痛或呼吸困難、心悸和暈厥。在許多心肌病中,可以用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的心電圖和超聲心動(dòng)圖進(jìn)行診斷。心臟病專家希望使用心臟MRI檢測(cè)能更詳細(xì)地查看心臟結(jié)構(gòu)。Chen Z等[18]認(rèn)為使用T1圖進(jìn)行定量心肌組織評(píng)估是缺血性和非缺血性心肌病室性心律失常的獨(dú)立預(yù)測(cè)因子。而Zeidan-Shwiri T等[19]則認(rèn)為梗死灰區(qū)是ICD治療的預(yù)測(cè)因子。
峰6∶6峰的代表文獻(xiàn)為25583159、25877738、2464 0515。易引發(fā)SCD的心臟性相關(guān)疾病主要為Brugada綜合征[20]、致心律失常性右心室發(fā)育不良(ARVD)[21]和心電圖檢測(cè)的早期復(fù)極化(ERP)[22]。
因此,基于PubMed數(shù)據(jù)庫的雙向聚類分析能夠很好地體現(xiàn)當(dāng)前SCD的研究熱點(diǎn),可為科研人員在SCD方面的研究選題提供參考。
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(收稿日期:2018-08-28)