Module 1 Small Talk

高考詞匯

lack v. 缺乏，缺少

nod v. 點頭

yawn v. 打呵欠

sigh v. 嘆氣，嘆息

tidy v. 使……整潔，整理

tease v. 戲弄，嘲弄，揶揄

contradict v. 反駁

interrupt v. 打斷

violate v. 騷擾，妨礙，侵犯

imagine v. 想象

apologise v. 道歉

prize n. 獎品，獎金

application n. 申請

form n. 表格

immigration n. 移民

visa n. 簽證

favour n. 恩惠，照顧

reception n. 歡迎會；招待會

embassy n. 使館

reply n. 回答，答復，回信

saleswoman n. 女推銷員，女銷售員

firm n. 公司

fax n. 傳真（機）

motto n. 座右銘，格言

shortcoming n. 缺點，短處

absence n. 缺乏，不存在

customer n. 顧客，客戶

typist n. 打字員

apology n. 道歉，致歉

acquaintance n. 熟人

divorce n. 離婚，離異

fool n. 傻瓜，笨蛋

clerk n. 職員，辦事員

haircut n. 發(fā)型，發(fā)式

brunch n. 早午餐（早餐與午餐合并吃的一餐）

anniversary n. 周年紀念日

hostess n. 女主人

function n. 功能

purpose n. 目的

circumstance n. 情形，情況

serious adj. 嚴肅的

advance adj. 預先的，在前的

outspoken adj. 直言不諱的，坦率的，客氣的

systematic adj. 非偶然的，經(jīng)常的

mature adj. 成熟的

awkward adj. 尷尬的

pregnant adj. 懷孕的

cautious adj. 謹慎的，慎重的，小心的

messy adj. 棘手的，難辦的

modest adj. 謙虛的，謙遜的

successful adj. 成功的

anyhow adv. 不管怎么說，無論如何

certain pron. 某些

常用短語

詞匯達標

small talk 閑談，聊天

make friends 交朋友，建立友誼

（be） nervous about 對……神經(jīng)緊張/害怕/膽怯/焦慮不安

think of 想起，回憶起

look away from 把目光從……移開

in addition 除此之外，另外

find out 了解（到）；找出（信息）

put ones foot in ones mouth 犯使人難堪的錯誤，說錯話as a consequence 因此，結(jié)果

cheer sb up 使某人高興/振作起來

leave out 省去，刪去

（be） aware of 知道

take the lead 帶頭，領(lǐng)先

show off 炫耀

拓展詞匯

psychologist n. 心理學家

impolite adj. 不禮貌的

factual adj. 實際的，事實的，確實的

secretive adj. 秘而不宣的，隱藏的

confidently adv. 自信地

語法達標

動詞need的用法。

詞匯短語園地

1. lack v. 缺乏，缺少

n. 缺乏，匱乏，短缺

Hes good at his job but he seems to lack confidence.

他善于工作，但似乎缺乏信心。

There is a certain lack of enthusiasm for these changes among the membership.

會員對這些變動沒有多大熱情。

比較：lack和shortage的區(qū)別

lack指的是“完全沒有或部分缺少”，既表示具體，也表示抽象，如智力、知識、勇氣等；shortage指的是“短缺”，因此要就量而言。

1） lack for nothing 什么也不缺

2） be lacking in 缺少（lacking是形容詞）

3） for/through lack of 因缺少

4） no lack of 不缺少，足夠

2. advance adj. 預先的，在前的endprint

No advance booking is necessary on most departures.

大多數(shù)起程票無須預訂。

advance n. 前進；進步，發(fā)展

1） in advance 在前面；預先，事先

Its cheaper if you book the tickets in advance.

預訂票要便宜一些。

2） in advance of 在（時間或空間）之前

People were evacuated from the coastal regions in advance of the hurricane.

颶風襲來之前，沿海地帶的人已經(jīng)撤離。

advance v. 預付；提前，提早

advanced adj. 先進的；高級的，高等的

3. favour n. 恩惠，照顧

As a special favour， Ill let you stay up late tonight.

作為對你的特殊恩惠，我允許你今晚遲睡。

Do yourself a favour and wear a helmet on the bike.

要照顧好你自己，騎車要戴上頭盔。

1） do sb a favour = do a favour for sb 幫某人的忙

2） in favour of 贊同，支持；看中，選擇

3） in ones favour 以……為受益人

4） ask a favour of sb 請某人幫忙

4. reply n. 回答，答復，回信

v. 回答，答復；回應，做出反應

I asked her what her name was but she made no reply.

我問她叫什么名字，但她沒有回答。

The senator replied that he was not in a position to comment.

參議員回答說他不宜發(fā)表評論。

1） in reply to 作為對……的答復

2） reply to 回答，答復

比較：動詞reply和answer的區(qū)別

reply為正式用語，多指經(jīng)過考慮的、有針對性的、詳細的回答，常用作不及物動詞，和介詞to連用；answer為一般用語，既可用作及物動詞也可用作不及物動詞，還可引申為“應答”。

5. absence n. 缺乏，不存在

The case was dismissed in the absence of definite proof.

此案因缺乏確鑿證據(jù)而不予受理。

1） in the absence of 缺少

2） absence of mind 心不在焉

3） in ones absence 某人不在期間

absent adj. 缺席的，不在場的

1） be absent from 缺席

2） absent-minded adj. 心不在焉的

6. interrupt v. 打斷，插嘴

They were interrupted by a knock at the door.

他們被敲門聲打斷了。

Would you mind not interrupting all the time？

請你別老是插嘴好嗎？

interruption n. 打擾，插嘴，打岔

He ignored her interruptions.

他沒有理會她的打岔。

7. imagine v. 想象

（1） imagine + n. 想象，設想

The house was just as she had imagined.

這房子正是她所想象的。

（2） imagine + that從句 胡亂猜想……；認為……

Hes always imagining were talking about him behind his back.

他總是胡亂猜想我們在背后說他的閑話。

I dont imagine that theyll refuse.

我認為他們不會拒絕。

（3） imagine + doing 想象做某事

Can you imagine George cooking the dinner？

你能想象喬治做飯嗎？

imagination n. 想象力，想象；幻想物；創(chuàng)造力

imaginative adj. 富于想象力的；創(chuàng)新的

imaginable adj. 想象得到的；可想象的

imaginary adj. 想象中的；幻想的；虛構(gòu)的

8. purpose n. 目的，用途

Our campaigns main purpose is to raise money.

我們這次活動的主要目的就是募款。

The two are not the same and dont serve the same purpose.endprint

二者不是一回事，并且用途也不同。

1） on purpose 故意地

2） with/for the purpose of 為了……目的

3） to the purpose 中肯的（地），合適的（地）

9. apologise v. 道歉

apology n. 道歉；致歉

apologise for sth/doing sth 為……而道歉

We apologise for the late departure of this flight.

本航班延誤離境，謹致歉意。

I apologised to her for stepping on her foot.

我因踩了她的腳而向她道歉。

Your allegations are completely untrue， and I demand an immediate apology.

你的說法完全不真實，我要求立即道歉。

10. think of 想起，回憶起

I cant think of her name at the moment.

我一時想不起她的名字。

1） think better of 對……有更高的評價

2） think little of 不重視；認為……沒價值

3） think nothing of 把……視為平常；不把……當一回事；

覺得……無所謂

11. in addition 除此之外，另外

該短語為副詞性短語，作狀語，在句中位置靈活。在句中和句末時，一般用逗號隔開。

There is， in addition， one further point to make.

此外，還有一點要說。

In addition to English， he has to study a second foreign language.

除英語外，他還要學第二外語。

與in addition一樣都表示“除……之外（還）”的其他單詞或短語：besides，apart from，aside from。

12. find out 了解（到）；找出（信息）

We found out later that we had been at the same school.

后來我們才弄清楚我們是校友。

比較：find out，find與look for的區(qū)別

find out指通過觀察、探索發(fā)現(xiàn)事實的真相，調(diào)查出原因或發(fā)現(xiàn)秘密、錯誤等；find多表示偶然性地找到；look for著重表現(xiàn)尋找的動作。

I havent found anything out about him yet.

我還沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)有關(guān)他的任何情況。

Weve found a great new restaurant near the office.

我們在辦公室附近發(fā)現(xiàn)了一家很棒的新餐館。

Where have you been？ Weve been looking for you.

你上哪兒去了？我們一直在找你。

13. leave out 省去，刪去；漏掉

I havent altered or left out anything.

我沒有更改或刪去任何東西。

Youve made a mistake—youve left out the letter T.

你錯了，你漏掉了字母T。

1） leave alone 不管；不理會；不打擾

2） leave behind 忘帶；留下

14. （be） aware of 知道；意識到；明白

Were you aware of something was wrong？

你有沒有意識到已經(jīng)出問題了？

I dont think people are really aware of how much it costs.

我認為人們并不真正明白它得花多少錢。

1） as far as I am aware 就我所知

2） make sb aware of sth 讓某人明白某事

15. take the lead 帶頭，領(lǐng)先

If we take the lead in this， others may follow.

如果我們在這方面帶頭行動，其他人就會跟著來。

Tom took the lead in the third lap.

湯姆在跑第三圈時領(lǐng)先。

1） be in the lead 領(lǐng)先

2） follow the lead of sb 以某人為榜樣，效仿某人

3） give sb a lead 給某人做出榜樣；提示某人

16. show off 炫耀

She wanted to show off her new husband at the party.

她想在聚會上炫耀自己的新婚丈夫。

1） show sb around/round 領(lǐng)（某人）參觀endprint

2） show up 如約趕到；出現(xiàn)；露面

3） show ones face 露面；公開見人

Thats the Difference

A teenager lost a contact lens while playing basketball in his driveway.

After a fruitless search， he told his mother the lens was nowhere to be found. Undaunted， she went outside and in a few minutes， returned with the lens in her hand.

“How did you manage to find it， Mom？” the teenager asked.

“We werent looking for the same thing，” she replied. “You were looking for a small piece of plastic. I was looking for $150.”

跟蹤導練（一）

A

There are about 1，200 species of bats in the world， Swartz says. Some eat fruit. Others eat insects or honey. And just a few drink blood.

Some bats use their eyes to see where things are. Others collect information about their surroundings by bouncing sound off objects and listening to the echoes （回聲）.

But what all bats have in common （other than being the only flying mammals in existence） are flexible （靈活的） wings that enable them to change directions quickly. If youve ever seen bats flying with a rush through the air in the early evening， you probably noticed how suddenly they could change directions.

Scientists have long assumed （設想） that bats fly the same way as birds and insects do—with firm， airplane-like wings that connect to the shoulder. The problem with that assumption， however， is that bats arent birds or insects. As mammals， they have more in common with people， horses and dogs than with other flying creatures.

For example， birds have bones which are empty inside， and insects have no bones at all. But most mammals have solid and heavy bones， which would make flying tough.

To solve this problem， bats have evolved strong and heavy bones near their shoulders， where they need more support. Theyve also saved some weight by developing lighter and weaker bones near the tips of their wings. The result is light but strong and very flexible wings.

1. What can we know about bats from the passage？

A. They can hear sounds with their ears.

B. They are the same as birds in every direction.

C. They have nothing in common with people.

D. They can fly well because of their flexible wings.

2. What can be inferred from the passage？

A. Some bats may be dangerous to people.

B. The scientists assumption is proved to be right.

C. Environment helps bats develop the ability of flying.endprint

D. Bats collect information only by listening to echoes.

3. What can be the best title of the passage？

A. Bats B. Bats Food

C. How Bats Fly D. Flexible Wings

B

In this fast-shifting world， there can be no guarantees attached to any particular job. But there is much that you can do to protect yourself from the change of society， by equipping yourself with the skills to manage your career more effectively. You need to be a career activist.

If you lost your main source of income tomorrow， could you find a different source to replace it？ The most important thing in protecting yourself now and in the future is ensuring that you have choices. Dont let yourself be held back by a lack of skill development， or fear of change. Some people have been good performers in their own organization but discovered that they are stuck. Because they are so closely related to a particular company or industry， their skills are not readily transferred to other jobs.

Dont put all your eggs in one basket. If you limit yourself to one particular area or sector， you limit your opportunity， too. In a global market place， many jobs come and go quickly as changes in the stock market. Todays hottest job may not exist tomorrow. If you love computers， then this work represents a great choice. But dont enter a field just because you think thats where the hot jobs are； even if the job is available， it may not match well with your own skills and abilities. Start with an entry of your own strengths and interests， then see where you may match up best in the job market.

4. How can one ensure that he has choices if he loses the main source of income？

A. Enter a field where the hot jobs are.

B. Transfer to jobs that involve computers.

C. Be a good performer in his own organization.

D. Try to develop skills and be a career activist.

5. Why some people are afraid of change？

A. They have got a hot job.

B. They have no other better choices.

C. They have got used to a certain job.

D. They have no other skills and interests.

6. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 mean？

A. Keep the eggs safely.

B. Stick to only one particular job.

C. Try your best to do the job well.

D. Enter a field where the hot jobs are.

7. According to the writer， the best job to choose is something that ___ .

A. is both hot and interestingendprint

B. will always exist in the future

C. brings you good source of income

D. involves your strengths and interests

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。

Like many people， the start of the day maybe isnt your favorite time. 1 Try at least one of these tomorrow.

Stretch （伸展） every part of your body for 15 seconds.

Try this before you open your eyes. Lift your arm and begin by stretching each finger， then your hand， then your wrist， then your arm. 2 Then your toes， feet， ankles and legs. In this way， you upped the flow of blood through your body， providing extra oxygen to all your tissues.

Set your alarm 15 minutes earlier.

3 You can begin your day by lying in bed， slowly waking up， mentally ticking off the decisions you made in advance about what youre going to wear， what youre going to do...

Brush your tongue for 2—3 minutes.

Theres no better way to rid you of morning breath and begin your day fresh and clean. After all， more than 300 types of bacteria stay in your mouth every night. 4

Avoid any decisions.

For truly relaxing mornings， reduce the number of choices and decisions you make to zero. 5 Really， theres no need to vary your breakfast， timetable or clothes to wear every morning.

A. Repeat with the other arm.

B. You can change your living habits.

C. Make your decisions the night before.

D. These few minutes in bed are all yours.

E. Quick brush cant make them all disappear.

F. Here are some healthy habits you can learn without much effort.

G. In this way， you dont have to jump out of bed and rush through your morning.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Loving Kindness Is Twice Blessed

I felt gloomy （沮喪的） the other day. The weather had been dark and rainy， and I just didnt feel so 1 .

As I was sitting at my desk， I 2 it was the birthday of a dear long-time friend—a single， middle-aged woman who has devoted the past 30 years to nursing and loves her 3 .

Knowing that she didnt have any family in town， I 4 to give her a call. Sure enough， she was on B-shift， 5 to work late into the evening， and wouldnt have much of a birthday this year. As always， 6 ， she sounded cheerful and was happy that I 7 her.

After I hung up， I couldnt 8 the feeling that she would really 9 a little attention on her special day. 10 feeling a little gloomy myself， I tried to put it out of my mind， but as the day passed I couldnt shake the thought. I 11 gave in， and that evening I set off to the hospital with a card， a cheese cake， and some balloons. My friends grateful smile and joyful surprise 12 me Id done the right thing and were a generous 13 for the little effort it had taken.endprint

When I got home， I realized that not only had I cheered up a 14 friend on her birthday， but my own gloomy feelings had also disappeared. Making her day had 15 my own！

Isnt that the way 16 we take the time and make the 17 to do something for someone else？ Its like the little saying， “Loving kindness is twice blessed； it blesses him who gives， and him who 18 .”

Cheering up people on their birthdays isnt the only thing we can do to make their day. Life constantly presents us with

19 to take an extra step or do a kind deed that will make a difference to someone. And the wonderful thing is that as we do， it changes things for the 20 for us， too.

1. A. special B. positive C. nervous D. proud

2. A. explained B. complained C. remembered D. informed

3. A. family B. training C. work D. school

4. A. decided B. continued C. agreed D. refused

5. A. surprised B. disappointed C. bored D. prepared

6. A. though B. besides C. therefore D. otherwise

7. A. admitted B. called C. helped D. visited

8. A. experience B. imagine C. shake D. understand

9. A. feel B. show C. grasp D. appreciate

10. A. Almost B. Even C. Never D. Still

11. A. luckily B. finally C. unhappily D. hardly

12. A. convinced B. advised C. promised D. reminded

13. A. response B. contribution C. reward D. share

14. A. careless B. lonely C. weak D. curious

15. A. troubled B. taken C. wasted D. made

16. A. that B. which C. why D. how

17. A. suggestion B. sense C. effort D. call

18. A. tries B. receives C. expects D. cares

19. A. opportunities B. dreams C. choices D. regrets

20. A. better B. worse C. more D. less

用方框里單詞的正確形式填空，使其句意完整，每空一詞。

advance certain favour lack nod

prize reply serious sigh tidy

1. The joke is not proper when we are discussing such a ____ problem.

2. Shirley used her good looks to make up her ____ of intelligence.

3. We need ____ preparation for the important meeting.

4. I asked him if he would help me and he ____ .

5. She ____ deeply at the thought of her sons failure in the College Entrance Examination.

6. The medalists are presented with a golden medal together with a ____ of 15，000 Canadian dollars.

7. She washed her face， ____ her hair and went down to tea.

8. They didnt receive any special ____ from the state.endprint