強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的十個細(xì)節(jié)

甘雪梅

為了突出我們想表達(dá)的內(nèi)容，我們通常會采用一些方法讓其他人注意到這個部分，而強調(diào)句就是這樣的一個手段。本文總結(jié)了強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的基本用法和使用時應(yīng)注意的十個細(xì)節(jié)。

基本用法

為了強調(diào)句子的某一成分（通常是主語、賓語或狀語）常用強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)：

It is（was）+被強調(diào)部分+that（who）...

例如：

I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.

強調(diào)主語：It was I that（who） met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.

強調(diào)賓語：It was Li Ming that I met at the railway station yesterday.

強調(diào)地點狀語：It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday.

強調(diào)時間狀語：It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station.

十個細(xì)節(jié)

1. 一般來說，原句的謂語動詞如果是現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r，用It is ... that（who）... 結(jié)構(gòu)；如果是過去的各種時態(tài)用It was... that（who）... 結(jié)構(gòu)。如：

It is Tom that /who goes to school on foot every day.

It was Tom that /who broke the window yesterday.

2. 強調(diào)主語時，that/who后面的謂語動詞要與被強調(diào)部分的人稱與數(shù)要保持一致。如：

It is I that/who am a teacher.

3. 即使被強調(diào)的部分是復(fù)數(shù)，也用it is或it was。如：

It is they what/ who often help me with my homework.

4. 在強調(diào)時間、地點，方式或原因狀語時，不要用when， where， how， why， 而用that；另外，只有強調(diào)人時，才可以用who代替that。如：

It was in front of the bank that the old lady was robbed.

5. 被強調(diào)的部分是代詞，主語用主格，賓語用賓格。如：

It was he that helped me yesterday.

It was me that he helped yesterday.

6. 在強調(diào)一般疑問句中的某一成分時，把is/was提前。如：

普通句：Did this happen in Beijing？

強調(diào)句：Was it in Beijing that this happened？

7. 特殊疑問句的強調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)是：

被強調(diào)部分（通常是疑問詞）+is/was it that+... 如：

普通句：Where are you born？

強調(diào)句：Where was it that you were born？

8. 強調(diào)部分既包括人又包括物時，用that不用who。如：

It was the things and people that they remembered that they were talking about.

9. not ... until ... 句型的強調(diào)句，用It is/ was not until + 被強調(diào)部分 + that + 其他部分。如：

普通句：He didnt go to bed until/ till his wife came back.

強調(diào)句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.

此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是強調(diào)句型，till， until可通用；因為句型中It is/ was not ... 已經(jīng)是否定句了，that后面的從句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。

10. 強調(diào)謂語動詞，不可用It is/ was ... that ... 結(jié)構(gòu)，而要用助動詞do/ does或did，其后用原形，相當(dāng)于漢語的“的確”“真的”“一定”“務(wù)必”。如：

Do sit down.

He did write to you last week.

Do be careful when you cross the street.

注意：此種強調(diào)只能強調(diào)謂語動詞為一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時的情況，進(jìn)行時或完成時是不能用do， does， did來強調(diào)的。

強調(diào)句是一種非常好用的句型，能夠清楚明確地指出你想要表達(dá)的重點。

因此，建議考生在寫作中恰當(dāng)運用。endprint