刊首語(yǔ)

2018年2月4日，《中共中央國(guó)務(wù)院關(guān)于實(shí)施鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略的意見(jiàn)》由新華社受權(quán)播發(fā)。按照產(chǎn)業(yè)興旺、生態(tài)宜居、鄉(xiāng)風(fēng)文明、治理有效、生活富裕的總要求，對(duì)統(tǒng)籌推進(jìn)農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)、政治建設(shè)、文化建設(shè)、社會(huì)建設(shè)、生態(tài)文明建設(shè)和黨的建設(shè)做出全面部署。

近年來(lái)，風(fēng)景園林行業(yè)積極參與美麗鄉(xiāng)村建設(shè)、鄉(xiāng)村旅游、全域景區(qū)化等工作熱潮，積極開(kāi)展鄉(xiāng)村風(fēng)貌保護(hù)、鄉(xiāng)村遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)與利用工作，取得了很好的成績(jī)。然而，我們也需要反省一些行為和現(xiàn)象。我們?cè)秽l(xiāng)村旅游萬(wàn)能論包圍，大筆一揮的 “旅游線路”，遍地開(kāi)花的 “民宿開(kāi)發(fā)”曾經(jīng)充斥鄉(xiāng)村；我們?cè)鵁嶂杂诮y(tǒng)一整治，漠視傳統(tǒng)建筑和文化遺存；我們?cè)^(guò)度使用水泥等材料，導(dǎo)致古樹(shù)窒息、水系枯竭、青石小巷湮沒(méi)……在模式化、樣板化的快速建設(shè)進(jìn)程中，鄉(xiāng)村風(fēng)景園林審美傳統(tǒng)被遺棄，鄉(xiāng)村風(fēng)貌遭到破壞。陶淵明《歸園田居》云：“種豆南山下，草盛豆苗稀。晨興理荒穢，戴月荷鋤歸。道狹草木長(zhǎng)，夕露沾我衣。衣沾不足惜，但使愿無(wú)違。”傳統(tǒng)鄉(xiāng)村審美，今日何存？現(xiàn)代鄉(xiāng)村人居美學(xué)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)還未形成，現(xiàn)代鄉(xiāng)村可持續(xù)發(fā)展研究和重建工作任重而道遠(yuǎn)。

“方宅十余畝，草屋八九間。榆柳蔭后檐，桃李羅堂前。曖曖遠(yuǎn)人村，依依墟里煙。狗吠深巷中，雞鳴桑樹(shù)顛。戶庭無(wú)塵雜，虛室有余閑?！痹诹硪皇自?shī)中，陶公以舒緩愉悅的筆墨描繪了一個(gè)庭院雅潔、花木清和、萬(wàn)物相諧的園林式鄉(xiāng)村，在這個(gè)撫慰心靈的歸隱之地，發(fā)出 “久在樊籠里，復(fù)得返自然”的由衷感嘆。中國(guó)古代園林曾經(jīng)是文人歸隱山水、舒緩鄉(xiāng)愁的寄托。如今，風(fēng)景園林能否成為鄉(xiāng)村發(fā)展的一劑清涼帖？能否緩解當(dāng)前快速城市化進(jìn)程帶來(lái)的陣痛，舒緩我們愈加濃烈的鄉(xiāng)愁？鄉(xiāng)村作為寄托鄉(xiāng)愁的最初和最后一片藍(lán)海，我們需倍加珍惜。

鄉(xiāng)村曾直接影響中國(guó)風(fēng)景園林審美傳統(tǒng)的形成和發(fā)展?！皥@林”一詞，最早出現(xiàn)于西晉張翰的詩(shī)句：“暮春和氣應(yīng)，白日照?qǐng)@林?！边@首詩(shī)的出現(xiàn)開(kāi)啟了我國(guó)的風(fēng)景園林文明，比西方的田園詩(shī)早了1 000多年。2010年《世界遺產(chǎn)報(bào)告26：世界遺產(chǎn)文化景觀保護(hù)與管理手冊(cè)》 明確指出：“衡量景觀文明有4項(xiàng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：具有特指景觀的專(zhuān)有名詞；文學(xué)與詩(shī)歌對(duì)景觀的吟詠；繪畫(huà)對(duì)景觀的表現(xiàn)；造園的藝術(shù)。符合這4項(xiàng)的有兩大文明：最早在公元3—4世紀(jì)信奉 ‘道’的中國(guó)以及后來(lái)的西歐(始于15世紀(jì)）?！?/p>

鄉(xiāng)村振興首要在于人心的回歸?！昂笾暯瘢嗒q今之視昔”。晉人樸素的鄉(xiāng)村田園審美觀，體現(xiàn)了中國(guó)古人 “天人合一”的生態(tài)智慧。在鄉(xiāng)村振興浪潮中，風(fēng)景園林必將為鄉(xiāng)村發(fā)展帶來(lái)新的著力點(diǎn)和增長(zhǎng)極?！胺蛎啦蛔悦?，因人而彰。蘭亭也，不遭右軍，則清湍修竹，蕪沒(méi)于空山矣”。風(fēng)景園林師的自然審美、鄉(xiāng)村審美意識(shí)應(yīng)該在鄉(xiāng)村工作中起到積極作用。在鄉(xiāng)村這方廣闊的天地，風(fēng)景園林與鄉(xiāng)村必能保持天人合一的傳統(tǒng)，以風(fēng)景園林事業(yè)推動(dòng)鄉(xiāng)村建設(shè)進(jìn)一步雅化、活化，創(chuàng)作出有風(fēng)度、有品質(zhì)的新鄉(xiāng)村人居美學(xué)。

鄉(xiāng)村振興對(duì)我國(guó)風(fēng)景園林的發(fā)展尤其重要，當(dāng)下正是我們?cè)倮m(xù)“園林與鄉(xiāng)村”前緣的重要?dú)v史時(shí)機(jī)。我們要以此為契機(jī)，復(fù)興我國(guó)鄉(xiāng)村審美，喚人心、歸田園、振鄉(xiāng)村，傳承我國(guó)風(fēng)景園林在世界風(fēng)景園林史上獨(dú)樹(shù)一幟的 “天人合一”傳統(tǒng)，同時(shí)注入現(xiàn)代文明可持續(xù)發(fā)展智慧，建設(shè)景觀和諧、功能齊全的園林式鄉(xiāng)村。

恰逢天時(shí)與地利、機(jī)遇與挑戰(zhàn)、時(shí)代與傳統(tǒng)共振之際，我們不可不至誠(chéng)以待，勉力擔(dān)當(dāng)，再續(xù)文脈！

鄉(xiāng)村振興工作的開(kāi)展，必將喚醒我們的敬畏自然之心，重啟我們的鄉(xiāng)村審美之眼，中國(guó)悠久的風(fēng)景園林智慧和文明傳統(tǒng)，也必將由此復(fù)興！

On February 4, 2018, theOpinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Implementing the Strategy for Revitalizing the Villagewas broadcasted by the Xinhua News Agency. In accordance with the general requirements of industrial prosperity,ecological livability, rural civilization, effective governance, and affluent life, we must make overall arrangements for the overall promotion of rural economic construction, political construction, cultural construction, social construction, ecological civilization construction,and party building.

In recent years, the landscape architecture industry has actively participated in the upsurge of beautiful rural construction, rural tourism, and global scenic spots. It has actively carried out work on the protection of rural landscapes and the protection and utilization of rural heritage, and has achieved many good results. However, we also need to reflect on some behaviors and phenomena. We were once surrounded by the rural tourism universal theory, and the "tourism routes" with a stroke of the pen, and the"homestay development" has once blossomed all over the country; we were keen to overall renovation and ignore the traditional buildings and cultural relics; we excessively used materials such as cement, which made old trees suffocated, the water system dry up, and the pebble and bluestone lanes disappear… In the rapid construction process of modelling, the aesthetic tradition of rural landscape was abandoned and the village style was destroyed. Tao Yuanming wrote inBack to Country Life: "Down the South Range beans I raise, weeds run riot but the shoots are weakly few. Weeding I start at sun rise,Hoe across my shoulder, moonlight sees me home. The trail is flanked with weeds and trees, wet are my clothes with evening dew. Little does the cold dew bother me, as long as I have my will." Traditional village aesthetics, where is it now? The standard of modern rural residential aesthetics has not been formed yet, and the study and reconstruction of modern rural sustainable development have a long way to go.

"My farm contains a dozen mu of ground, and my cottage has eight or nine rooms around. The elm and willow cover backside eaves, while peach and plum trees shade my yard with leaves. The distant village dimly looms somewhere, with smoke from chimneys drifting in the air. In silent country lanes a stray dog barks, and amid the mulberry trees cocks crow with larks. My house is free from worldly moil or gloom, while ease and quiet permeate my private room." In another poem, Tao Yuanming described a garden-like village with elegant courtyards, flowers and trees, and all harmonious things, in a soothing and pleasant brushstroke. In this soul-healing seclusion place, he expressed his heartfelt plaint that "when I escape from bitter strife with men, I live a free and easy life again." Ancient Chinese gardens used to be the sustenance of literati to retire back to landscape and relieve their homesickness. Today, can landscape architecture become a cool and refreshing stick for rural development? Can we ease the pain caused by the rapid urbanization process and relieve our increasingly strong homesickness? As the first and last place for our homesickness, we should cherish the countryside.

The countryside once directly affected the formation and development of the aesthetic tradition of China's landscape architecture. The term "garden" first appeared in Zhang Han's verse in the Western Jin Dynasty: "the late Spring blends with the environment, and the daylight shines the garden." The appearance of this poem opened the landscape civilization of China and was more than 1,000 years earlier than the Western pastoral poetry. In 2010World Heritage Report 26: World Heritage Cultural Landscape Protection and Management Manual, it was clearly stated: "There are four criteria for measuring landscape civilization:proper nouns specifically for landscapes; literature and poetry on landscapes; paintings on landscapes; gardening art. There are two major civilizations in line with these four criteria:China which first believed in the Tao in the 3rdto 4thcentury AD, and later Western Europe(since the 15thcentury)."

The rejuvenation of the countryside lies primarily in the return of people's feeling."The later generations seeing the present is just like how we view the past". The simple rural aesthetics of the Jin Dynasty reflected the ancient Chinese ecological intelligence of "human-nature integration". In the wave of rural revitalization, landscape architecture is bound to bring new acting point and growth pole to rural development. "Beauty is not known by itself, but by the appreciation of man. Just like Lanting Pavilion, if not written by Wang Xizhi, the clear rapids and slender bamboos would be deserted and hidden in the mountains." The landscape artists' natural aesthetic and rural aesthetic consciousness should play an active role in rural work. In the vast countryside, landscape architecture and rural areas will be able to maintain the tradition of integration of nature and human. The use of landscape architecture will further promote the development of village construction to be more graceful and lively, and will create new rural aesthetics with grace and quality.

The revitalization of the countryside is particularly important for the development of China's landscape architecture. Now is the important historical opportunity for us to renew the earlier connection between "garden and village". We must use this as an opportunity to rejuvenate our country's rural aesthetics, call back the people's feeling, return to the pastoral countryside, and invigorate the countryside. We should inherit the tradition of"human-nature integration" which is unique in the history of world landscape architecture,and at the same time inject the wisdom of sustainable development of modern civilization,to build the garden-style countryside with harmonious landscape and complete functions.

It is precisely at the time of day and location, opportunities and challenges, and the times and traditions are in resonance. We must be sincere, ready to act, and continue the cultural context!

The development of rural revitalization will inevitably awaken our respect for nature and rekindle our eyes on rural aesthetics. China's long-standing landscape wisdom and civilized tradition will surely be revived!