晶狀體上皮細(xì)胞(lens endothelial cells,LECs)在晶狀體細(xì)胞的生長(zhǎng)和衰老過(guò)程中起重要的調(diào)節(jié)作用,與白內(nèi)障的起因和發(fā)展過(guò)程息息相關(guān)。LECs的這種行為通過(guò)許多的細(xì)胞內(nèi)外信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)途徑進(jìn)行分子調(diào)節(jié)[1,2]。色素上皮來(lái)源因子(pigment epithelium-derived factor,PEDF)是一種在人體內(nèi)廣泛存在的細(xì)胞因子。前人研究表明PEDF和血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)因子(VEGF)有拮抗作用[3,4]。在人的房水和LECs中PEDF的水平與人體衰老和白內(nèi)障的發(fā)病程度有正相關(guān)性[5-7]。但是,PEDF是否對(duì)LECs的生長(zhǎng)起調(diào)節(jié)作用,以及相關(guān)的分子機(jī)制還未有報(bào)道。本文著力于闡明PEDF對(duì)LECs生長(zhǎng)的調(diào)節(jié)作用以及體內(nèi)外實(shí)驗(yàn)的相關(guān)分子機(jī)制研究。
82例(82只眼)白內(nèi)障患者的納入準(zhǔn)則:(1)年齡52~92歲;(2)非先天性白內(nèi)障,非代謝性白內(nèi)障,非繼發(fā)性白內(nèi)障;(3)眼底病變、葡萄膜炎、青光眼;(4)無(wú)眼外傷和眼內(nèi)手術(shù)史;(5)晶狀體前囊混濁;(6)無(wú)其他晶狀體混濁,除非與年齡有關(guān)的晶狀體混濁。
晶狀體上皮細(xì)胞系HLE-B3培養(yǎng):完全培養(yǎng)基+10%胎牛血清,80%密度時(shí)胰酶消化,傳代和凍存。
1.RT-PCR檢測(cè)PEDF mRNA表達(dá):白內(nèi)障摘除術(shù),獲取晶狀體上皮細(xì)胞,接種在培養(yǎng)瓶中。HE染色后檢測(cè)細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)密度,分為低密度組(<4000/mm2)和高密度組(>4500/mm2),每組20例。利用RT-PCR試劑盒提取晶狀體囊膜組織中RNA并合成cDNA。PEDF和β-actin的引物設(shè)計(jì)如表1。采用半定量逆轉(zhuǎn)錄PCR技術(shù)擴(kuò)增mRNA,分析電泳圖及擴(kuò)增片段,計(jì)算PEDF和mRNA相對(duì)表達(dá)量。
表1 PEDF和β-actin引物
2.Annexin V法檢測(cè)LECs增殖和凋亡:加PEDF實(shí)驗(yàn)組:DMEM完全培養(yǎng)基+10%FBS+50ng/ml PEDF,培養(yǎng)72 h。不加PEDF對(duì)照組:DMEM完全培養(yǎng)基+10%FBS。采用annexin V-FITC/7-AAD復(fù)染法檢測(cè)兩組的細(xì)胞周期和凋亡情況。
重懸收集細(xì)胞并計(jì)數(shù),0.5×106~1×106,一管細(xì)胞懸液中加100 μl緩沖液和100 μl Annexin V-FITC避光孵育,另一管細(xì)胞懸液中加400 μl緩沖液和5 μl 7-ADD溶液,流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測(cè)細(xì)胞周期和凋亡情況。不加Annexin V-FITC和7-AAD的重懸細(xì)胞作為陰性對(duì)照組。
3.實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR檢測(cè)VEGF和mRNA表達(dá)情況:采用Trizol Reagent試劑盒提取兩組重懸細(xì)胞的RNA,VEGF引物如表2,擴(kuò)增片段大小166 bp,內(nèi)參β-actin 161 bp,實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR實(shí)驗(yàn)條件:預(yù)變性95 ℃ 5 min;變性95 ℃ 10 s,退火60 ℃ 20 s,延伸72 ℃ 20 s;40 cycles。
表2 VEGF引物
利用SPSS13.0進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析,測(cè)量的數(shù)據(jù)以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差來(lái)表示,采用t檢測(cè)進(jìn)行組間統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析,當(dāng)P<0.05時(shí),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
高密度組的LECs密度顯著高于低密度組的LECs密度(P<0.001),PEDF的mRNA相對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)錄水平,高密度組顯著高于低密度組(P<0.05),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。見表3。
表3 兩組的LECs密度及PEDF mRNA相對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)錄水平比較
加PEDF實(shí)驗(yàn)組的細(xì)胞在培養(yǎng)24、48和72 h后光學(xué)顯微鏡下觀察,與對(duì)照組相比,細(xì)胞形態(tài)未發(fā)生明顯變化。加PEDF實(shí)驗(yàn)組培養(yǎng)72 h后,G2和S期的細(xì)胞比率遠(yuǎn)高于對(duì)照組(P<0.001),凋亡率顯著低于對(duì)照組(P<0.001)。上述結(jié)果表明PEDF對(duì)HLE-B3細(xì)胞的凋亡具有一定的抑制作用。見圖1和表4。
表4 加PEDF培養(yǎng)組和對(duì)照組細(xì)胞的凋亡率和G2+S期的細(xì)胞比率
加PEDF實(shí)驗(yàn)組VEGF mRNA相對(duì)表達(dá)水平顯著低于對(duì)照組,相對(duì)表達(dá)降低了75.3%,具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P<0.001)。見表5。
表5 VEGF mRNA相對(duì)表達(dá)水平比較
PEDF基因和表達(dá)蛋白廣泛分布于成人的眼內(nèi)視網(wǎng)膜、睫狀體、角膜、脈絡(luò)膜中[8-10]。有研究稱人體內(nèi)PEDF主要是保護(hù)視網(wǎng)膜及促進(jìn)分化作用[11,12]。Hermann等人通過(guò)相關(guān)性研究發(fā)現(xiàn)PEDF具有抑制血管異常增生的作用[13]。Golan等發(fā)現(xiàn)鼠眼的晶狀體上皮細(xì)胞存在PEDF的表達(dá)[14]。Huang等應(yīng)用cDNA測(cè)序技術(shù)檢測(cè)出人眼晶狀體上皮細(xì)胞中PEDF基因,并證明其與白內(nèi)障的產(chǎn)生相關(guān)聯(lián)[15]。但目前還沒(méi)有研究指出PEDF和LECs的增殖有關(guān)聯(lián)。本研究結(jié)果表明當(dāng)LECs處于低密度時(shí),PEDF水平也降低。通過(guò)細(xì)胞體外實(shí)驗(yàn),證明PEDF能夠抑制LECs的凋亡,并降低VEGF表達(dá)。作為和細(xì)胞周期相關(guān)的細(xì)胞因子,PEDF是一種在G0期反應(yīng)細(xì)胞增殖能力的特定基因[16-18]。有報(bào)道稱PEDF在一些和年齡有關(guān)疾病的發(fā)生和發(fā)展中有一定的作用[19]。
圖1 LECs的增殖和凋亡情況
本研究以人的晶狀體上皮細(xì)胞作為研究對(duì)象,探究了PEDF在LECs中的作用。結(jié)果表明PEDF具有抑制LECs凋亡,減少VEGF表達(dá)的作用。根據(jù)以往文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道,在晶狀體的發(fā)生和發(fā)展過(guò)程中,PEDF的作用可通過(guò)自分泌,旁分泌,抗腫瘤,抗氧化,抗血管再生的刺激發(fā)揮出來(lái)。本研究可以為晶狀體的生長(zhǎng)和發(fā)展過(guò)程,甚至是白內(nèi)障的發(fā)生和發(fā)展過(guò)程提供進(jìn)一步的指導(dǎo)作用。
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