代爾夫特理工大學(xué)講堂

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：MVRDV 建筑設(shè)計(jì)事務(wù)所Architects: MVRDV

代爾夫特理工大學(xué)講堂

The Why Factory Tribune, Delft University of Technology

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：MVRDV 建筑設(shè)計(jì)事務(wù)所Architects: MVRDV

講堂是由MVRDV和代爾夫特理工大學(xué)共同領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的新研究機(jī)構(gòu)。在它搬入大學(xué)教學(xué)樓頂層新址僅僅幾周之后，這座建筑就于2008年5月12日毀于火災(zāi)。

由于經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)，一棟臨近代爾夫特市中心、原本將由佛蒂斯銀行開(kāi)發(fā)為奢侈公寓的建筑，轉(zhuǎn)手歸屬于講堂。這座宏偉的建筑原為代爾夫特理工大學(xué)總部，將在未來(lái)5年中為這所學(xué)院所使用。

由于這座建筑無(wú)法容納整個(gè)學(xué)院，就需要進(jìn)行臨時(shí)加建，為此MVRDV設(shè)計(jì)了多個(gè)方案。設(shè)計(jì)的出發(fā)點(diǎn)是為學(xué)院中的不同系所和機(jī)構(gòu)提供更具識(shí)別度的身份標(biāo)識(shí)。過(guò)去被燒毀的建筑原為辦公樓，是一棟灰色的龐然大物，其中不分你我地隱藏著多個(gè)系所，例如代爾夫特設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)院。臨時(shí)加建的建筑創(chuàng)造了讓這些系所變得容易識(shí)別的機(jī)會(huì)。設(shè)計(jì)方案包括在建筑內(nèi)布置多個(gè)構(gòu)筑物，并通過(guò)加建進(jìn)一步提升塔樓的整體辨識(shí)度。

經(jīng)過(guò)若干輪簡(jiǎn)化，我們決定讓方案盡可能簡(jiǎn)潔明了，將兩個(gè)內(nèi)庭院轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槭覂?nèi)中庭——這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃由米克·艾克豪特負(fù)責(zé)實(shí)施，他設(shè)計(jì)了兩座輕盈的鋼結(jié)構(gòu)玻璃頂棚。由于造價(jià)十分有限，講堂只能置于其中一座中庭。MVRDV為此做了設(shè)計(jì)。

東側(cè)中庭就是講堂的新場(chǎng)址。這個(gè)空間由艾克豪特的鋼結(jié)構(gòu)玻璃頂棚及原建筑的紀(jì)念性立面所環(huán)繞，以亮橙色作為其顯而易見(jiàn)的特征。選擇這個(gè)強(qiáng)烈的色彩，是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)講堂在代爾夫特理工大學(xué)的獨(dú)立地位。這種模式在荷蘭尚且是個(gè)較新的實(shí)驗(yàn)，但在國(guó)外已被證明有效：如麻省理工學(xué)院的媒體實(shí)驗(yàn)室，就在學(xué)校的地理和組織范疇內(nèi)成為一所倍受尊敬的獨(dú)立研究機(jī)構(gòu)。辦公室和會(huì)議室所在的木結(jié)構(gòu)講壇也刷上了同一色彩，使這個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)成為了空間中的一個(gè)整體元素。

講堂的首層包括一間會(huì)議室和一間講座室，二層是合作科研人員的辦公室，三層則是另一間會(huì)議室。室內(nèi)空間采用利于工作的白色，出于同樣原因，講堂外部的家具都是黑色的。建筑中的門(mén)都比標(biāo)準(zhǔn)尺寸要大，這樣按照建筑規(guī)范，講堂室內(nèi)也可視為覆頂中庭室內(nèi)的一部分，無(wú)需額外設(shè)置空調(diào)。除了講座和電影投影外，這座講堂也可作為一處非正式的工作空間。這得益于強(qiáng)大的無(wú)線網(wǎng)絡(luò)信號(hào)覆蓋和座椅上設(shè)置的電源插座。講堂的錐形形式在屋頂平臺(tái)上提供了更多工作位，這在交圖忙碌期十分實(shí)用。

為了替換老建筑中被稱為“Blokkenhal”的家具，我們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)的家具都是多功能、可變的。這個(gè)空間需要適應(yīng)多種用途：學(xué)習(xí)、工作、會(huì)議、模型制作和儲(chǔ)存、電影放映、展覽，當(dāng)然也包括派對(duì)和各類事件（圖1）。

設(shè)計(jì)專教是由理查德·霍頓工作室為這座建筑量身定制的。開(kāi)放空間中布置了8張用于制作模型的桌子。每張桌子下都設(shè)置了額外的格架，可用于存放模型。模型桌都安裝了滾輪，可在講堂前需要展示或活動(dòng)空間時(shí)輕松移到一旁。這些桌子也適用于展陳。

講堂頂層的會(huì)議室中有一張可堆疊的會(huì)議桌，也是由理查德·霍頓工作室設(shè)計(jì)的。當(dāng)會(huì)議人數(shù)不多時(shí)，桌子可以疊起來(lái)，在周?chē)粝赂蟮目臻g。桌子都是聚苯乙烯制品，重量很輕，能夠輕松移動(dòng)和堆疊。聚苯乙烯外覆樹(shù)脂面層，部分透明，但基本是黑色的。堆在上方的桌子采用了輕質(zhì)配件。當(dāng)桌子平放拼接時(shí)，可以容納更多人開(kāi)會(huì)。

這個(gè)項(xiàng)目為講堂創(chuàng)造了在大學(xué)學(xué)院中的獨(dú)特標(biāo)識(shí)，設(shè)計(jì)皆以學(xué)生優(yōu)先：他們名符其實(shí)地在老師的“頭頂”上學(xué)習(xí)。這塊橙色區(qū)域就是他們的領(lǐng)地。□（黃華青 譯）

1 該空間需要滿足多種用途/The space needed to be able to adapt to various uses

Several weeks after The Why Factory – a newly established research institute, lead by MVRDV and the Technical University Delft – had moved into their new residence on the top floor of the Faculty Building of the Technical University, the building was destroyed by a fire on May 12, 2008.

Due to the economic crisis, a building closer to the city centre of Delft became available that originally would have been developed by Fortis Bank into luxurious apartments. The monumental building – the former headquarters of the TU, was made ready to accommodate the faculty for the coming five years.

Since the building was too small to accommodate the whole faculty, a temporary extension needed to be added for which MVRDV designed several schemes. The starting point was the wish to give the separate institutes and departments within the faculty a more recognisable identity. The destroyed building in its essence was an office building – a grey monolith in which the various institutes such as the Delft School of Design were hidden in anonymity. The temporary building offered the opportunity to make these institutes more visible. The proposals included the distribution of pavilions inside the building and an addition of a recognisable extension to the characteristic tower.

After some economising, it was decided to keep the plan straightforward and to cover two inner courtyards – a plan executed by Mick Eekhout, who created two light conservatories of steel and glass. Because of the very limited budget The Why Factory needed to be accommodated in one of the conservatories. MVRDV made the design for this.

2 頂層平面/Plattegrond top plan

The eastern conservatory became the new residence of The Why Factory. Surrounded by the glass and steel structure of Eekhout and the original facades of the monumental building, the institute clearly distinguishes itself by its bright orange color. This strong color was chosen to emphasis the independent status of The Why Factory within the TU Delft. For the Netherlands this is a relatively new experiment, but it has already proven itself abroad: the Media Lab for instance became a very respected independent institute within the walls and organisation of the MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology). Because the wooden construction of the Tribune which accommodates the office and meeting rooms, is painted in the same color, the institute becomes one element within the space.

The ground floor of the tribune provides for a conference room and a room for lecturing. On the first floor the offices of the scientific collaborators are situated, and on the top floor there is another meeting room. The interior is kept work friendly white and for the same reasons the furniture outside of the Tribune are kept black. The door openings are larger than standard doors, so that, in regards to the building regulations, the interior of the tribune also legally counts as part of the conservatory's interior and no additional air-conditioning was needed. Next to lectures and film projections, the tribune can also be used as an informal work place. This is facilitated by a strong wifi-network and sockets at the seats. The conical tapered form of the Tribune allows for more work spots on the balconies, which is practical in times of deadlines and crowds.

3 剖面/Section（1-3圖片來(lái)源/Sources: MVRDV）

To offer an alternative to the so called Blokkenhal of the old building, the aim was for the furniture to be versatile and flexible in use. The space needed to be able to adapt to various uses: studying, working, meeting, model building and storage, film projections, exhibitions and of course parties and events (Fig.1).

The work places for students are specifically designed for the building by Richard Hutten Studio. Eight tables for making models are distributed in the open space. Extra shelving underneath the tables allows for storing the models. The model tables are on wheels so they can easily be put aside to make room for a presentation or an event in front of the Tribune. The tables are also ideal for exhibition display.

In the upper meeting room of The Tribune is a stackable meeting table, also designed by Richard Hutten Studio. When meeting with a smaller group, the tables are on top of each other in order to create more space around the table. The tables are made out of polystyrene to keep them light and allow moving them around and stacking them easily. The polystyrene is coated with resin – partly transparent, but mostly black. The upper table has integrated light fittings. By placing the tables next to each other, a larger group of people can have a meeting.

The project clearly gives The Why Factory a distinct identity within the larger faculty complex and prioritises the students: they are literally studying on top of their mentors. The orange (floor space) is their territory. □

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits

家具設(shè)計(jì)/Furniture: 理查德·霍頓/Richard Hutten