美國(guó)人的音樂(lè)愛(ài)好

James Fenimore Cooper， an early American writer， once said， “The Americans are almost ignorant of the art of music.” If that was once true， you would never know it today. Most Americans—even those without a musical bone in their bodies—have a favorite style of music. Many people enjoy classical and folk music from around the world. But other popular music styles in America were “made in the U.S.A”.

一位早期的美國(guó)作家詹姆斯·費(fèi)尼莫爾·庫(kù)珀曾說(shuō)：“美國(guó)人對(duì)音樂(lè)藝術(shù)幾乎可以說(shuō)是相當(dāng)?shù)臒o(wú)知?！比绻@話(huà)曾經(jīng)是事實(shí)，但今日你絕不會(huì)這么認(rèn)為了。大部分的美國(guó)人甚至包括那些沒(méi)有音樂(lè)細(xì)胞的人，都有自己喜愛(ài)的音樂(lè)類(lèi)型。許多人喜歡世界各國(guó)的古典音樂(lè)和民俗音樂(lè)，然而美國(guó)其他的流行音樂(lè)則是“在美國(guó)制造”的。

Country and western music lies close to the heart of many Americans. This style originated among country folks in the southern and western United States. Country music tells down-to-earth stories about love and lifes hardships. Guitars， banjos and violins （also known as fiddles） give country music its characteristic sound. The home of country music is Nashville， Tennessee—Music City U.S.A. Country music even has its own theme park called “Opryland” where you can enjoy music shows and fun rides. “The Grand Ole Opry，” the oldest radio show in the United States， broadcasts country music live from Opryland every weekend.

鄉(xiāng)村和西部音樂(lè)深受很多美國(guó)人的喜歡，這種類(lèi)型的音樂(lè)起源于美國(guó)南部和西部的鄉(xiāng)村人民。鄉(xiāng)村音樂(lè)傳述著真實(shí)不加渲染的愛(ài)情故事和生活中的艱難。吉他、五弦琴和小提琴（violin又名fiddle）可彈奏出鄉(xiāng)村音樂(lè)的特殊音色。鄉(xiāng)村音樂(lè)的發(fā)源地是田納西州的納許維爾市——美國(guó)的音樂(lè)城市。而鄉(xiāng)村音樂(lè)甚至還有它自己的主題樂(lè)園——Opryland呢！在那兒你可以享受音樂(lè)表演以及好玩的游樂(lè)設(shè)施。美國(guó)最老牌的廣播節(jié)目“The Grand Ole Opry”每個(gè)周末都會(huì)實(shí)況播放Opryland的音樂(lè)。

Jazz music， developed by African-Americans in the late 1800s， allows performers to freely express their emotions and musical skill. Instead of just playing the melody， jazz musicians improvise different tunes using the same chords. The peak of jazz music came in the 1920s， known as “The Jazz Era.” This period produced musicians like Louis Armstrong， Benny Goodman and Duke Ellington. These musicians later created the “big band” sounds of the 1930s. Different styles of jazz developed in different cities， such as New Orleans， Chicago， New York and Kansas City. Composer George Gershwin brought jazz into the world of classical music with pieces like “Rhapsody in Blue”.

爵士樂(lè)是19世紀(jì)末期由非洲裔的美國(guó)人發(fā)展出來(lái)的。它讓表演者自由地表現(xiàn)他們的情感和音樂(lè)技巧。爵士音樂(lè)大師不僅演奏旋律，還用同樣的和弦即興演奏出不同的曲調(diào)。爵士樂(lè)的高峰期出現(xiàn)于20世紀(jì)20年代，該時(shí)期被稱(chēng)為“爵士年代”。這個(gè)時(shí)期創(chuàng)造出來(lái)的樂(lè)手有阿姆斯特朗、古德曼和埃林頓。這些樂(lè)手稍后都創(chuàng)造了20世紀(jì)30年代的“大樂(lè)團(tuán)”之音。不同的城市也孕育出不同的爵士風(fēng)格，比如新奧爾良、芝加哥、紐約和坎薩斯市。作曲家蓋希文更以像《藍(lán)色狂想曲》這樣的作品，將爵士樂(lè)帶入古典音樂(lè)的世界。endprint