重慶赤車屬一新種和樓梯草屬二新種

王文采

(中國(guó)科學(xué)院植物研究所系統(tǒng)與進(jìn)化植物學(xué)國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，北京 100093)

重慶赤車屬一新種和樓梯草屬二新種

王文采

(中國(guó)科學(xué)院植物研究所系統(tǒng)與進(jìn)化植物學(xué)國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，北京 100093)

描述了自重慶市江津區(qū)四面山發(fā)現(xiàn)的蕁麻科赤車屬一新種和樓梯草屬二新種：(1)四面山赤車，與融安赤車近緣，區(qū)別在于新種的葉的二級(jí)脈較少，2枚雌花被片有短角狀突起，以及長(zhǎng)圓形瘦果；(2)稀柱毛樓梯草，可能與托葉樓梯草近緣，區(qū)別在于新種的葉較小，雌總苞苞片，以及雄、雌小苞片均在背面具龍骨狀突起，柱頭由只3～4根毛組成；(3)四面山樓梯草，與長(zhǎng)尖樓梯草近緣，區(qū)別在于新種莖的頂端被短柔毛，雄頭狀花序的花序梗較短，以及雄總苞苞片呈條狀船形，背面具龍骨狀突起。

蕁麻科；赤車屬；樓梯草屬；新種；重慶

圖1 A-C.四面山赤車：A.葉和果序；B.果序，下面觀；C.瘦果和宿存花被片 D-J.稀柱毛樓梯草：D.具雄頭狀花序的枝條；E.雄頭狀花序；F.雄花蕾和雄小苞片；G.具雌頭狀花序的枝條；H.雌頭狀花序，下面觀；I.雌總苞苞片，側(cè)面觀；J.3雌花和1雌小苞片 K-M.四面山樓梯草：K.具雄頭狀花序的枝條上部；L.雄頭狀花序；M.雄總苞苞片F(xiàn)ig.1 A-C.Pellionia simianshanica: A. Leaf and infructescence; B. Infructescence,seen from beneach; C. Achene and persistent tepals D-J. Elatostema oligotrichum: D. Branch with staminate capitula; E. Staminate capitulum; F. Staminate flower bud and staminate bracteole; G. Branch with pistillate capitula; H. Pistillate capitulum,seen from beneach; I. Pistillate involucral bract,seen from side; J. Three pistillate flowers and one pistillate bracteole K-M. Elatostema simianshanicum: K. Upper part of brunch with staminate capitula; L. Staminate capitulum; M. Staminate involucral bract(all from holotype)

赤車屬Pelionia Gaudich.

四面山赤車 圖1：A-C

PellioniasimianshanicaW.T.Wang, sp. nov. Fig.1:A-C

(Sect.LeiolaenaW.T.Wang ser.IncisoserrataeW.T.Wang)

Ob folia breviter petiolata penninervia, et floris pistillati tepala 2 projecturis carentia species nova haec est affinisPellioniaeronganensisW.T.Wang & Y.G.Wei, a qua folio nervos secundarios pauciores gerente, floris pistillati tepalis 2 dorso sub apicem breviter corniculatis, acheniis oblongis differt. InP.ronganensis, folium paria 8 nervorum secundariorum gerens, floris pistillati tepala 4 omnia haud corniculata, et achenia lanceolata sunt.

Perennial herbs. Stems ca. 20 cm tall, near base ca. 2 mm in diam., above base 1-branched, near apex densely puberulous(hairs 0.05-0.1 mm long), elsewhere glabrous. Leaves alternate, glabrous, shortly petiolate; blades papery, oblanceolate or narrowly oblanceolate, 5.5-12×1.8-2.6 cm, at apex long acuminate or caudate-acuminate, at base cuneate at leaf narrow side and rounded at broad side, at margin denticulate, penninerved, secondary nerves 4 at leaf narrow side and 6 at broad side, flat on both surfaces, cystoliths dense, bacilliform, 0.1-0.4 mm long; petioles 1.5-3 mm long; stipules subulate, ca. 1.5 mm long. Infructescences singly axillary, ca. 5 mm in diam., 2 times branched, pedunculate; peduncles slender, 2-8 mm long, glabrous; bracts linear-lanceolate, 1-1.4×0.4 mm, glabrous; primary branches robust, 0.5-1×0.8 mm, densely puberulous(hairs ca. 0.5 mm long), secondary branches connate; pedicels absent. Achenes numerous, dense, sessile, oblong, 0.6-0.7×0.35-0.5 mm, tuberculate; persistent tepals 4, greenish, on apex with 1-2 short hairs or glabrous of them 2 tepals linear-lanceolate, ca. 0.7×0.35 mm, without any projections, the other 2 tepals linear-navicular, ca. 0.7×0.5 mm, at apex acute, abaxially below apex shortly corniculate, with horn-like projections 0.1-0.2 mm long. Staminate cymes and staminate flowers unknown.

重慶市(Chongqing Shi)：江津區(qū)，四面山，千砂巖(Jiangjin Qu,Simian Shan,Qianshayan), alt. 1 002 m,闊葉林下(under broad-leaved forest),2016-03-11,劉正宇，林茂祥等(Z.Y.Liu,M.X.Lin et al.)S-0590(holotype,PE).

本種的葉具短柄和羽狀脈，雌花的2花被片無(wú)任何突起，因此與融安赤車PellioniaronganensisW.T.Wang & Y.G.Wei相近緣，區(qū)別特征在于本種葉的二級(jí)脈(側(cè)脈)較少，在葉狹側(cè)4條，在寬側(cè)6條，雌花的2花被片在背面頂端之下有一短角狀突起，瘦果呈長(zhǎng)圓形。在融安赤車，葉有8對(duì)二級(jí)脈，雌花的4枚花被片均無(wú)角狀突起，瘦果呈披針形[2]。

樓梯草屬Elatostema J.R. & G.Forster稀柱毛樓梯草 圖1：D-J

ElatostemaoligotrichumW.T.Wang, sp. nov. Fig.1:D-J.

[Sect.Weddellia(H.Schr?ter) W.T.Wang ser.StipulosaW.T.Wang]

Ob folia semi-triplinervia, capitula staminate longe pedunculata et ea pistillata sessilia species nova haec est fortasse affinisElatostematinasutoHook. f., a quo foliis minoribus haud trinervibus, bracteis involucralibus pistillatis et bracteolis staminatis et pistillatis dorso carinatis haud corniculatis, stigmate e pilis 3-4 constante praeclare recedit. InE.nasuto, folia majora usque ad 15.5 cm longa et 6.5 cm lata trinervia vel semi-triplinervia, bracteae involucrales pistillatae et bracteolae staminatae et pistillatae omnes apice corniculatae haud carinatae, stigma e pilis numerosis densis constans est.

Perennial herbs. Stems 20-25 cm tall, near base 3 mm in diam., often above base long 3-branched, subglabrous or on branches sparsely puberulous(hairs ca. 0.1 mm long). Leaves alternate, very shortly petiolate or sessile; blades papery, ovate, narrowly ovate, lanceolate, occasionally suborbicular, 1-5×0.5-1.6 cm, at apex slightly acute, obtuse, or acuminate, at base cuneate at leaf narrow side and rounded or auriculate at broad side, at margin denticulate or crenate, and ciliate(hairs 0.3-0.5 mm long), adaxially glabrous, semi-triplinerved, secondary nerves 1-2 at leaf narrow side and 3 at broad side, cystoliths slightly dense, lineolate, 0.1-0.25 mm long; petioles 0-1 mm long; stipules membranous, lanceolate-linear, ca. 1.5×0.3 mm, glabrous, apex acute. Staminate capitula singly axillary, long pedunculate, 5-7 mm broad, 5-8-flowered; peduncles 0.8-2.5 cm long, with few short hairs; receptacles inconspicuous; involucral bracts 2-seriate, glabrous or sparsely ciliate, outer bracts 2, broadly ovate, ca. 3×3 mm, inner bracts 8, oblong, 3-3.5×1.2-1.8 mm, abaxially above longitudinally 1-green-ribbed; bracteoles dense, linear-navicular, ca. 3×0.8 mm, sparsely ciliate, abaxially long 1-carinate; pedicels 1-2 mm long, glabrous. Staminate flower bud broadly obovoid, ca. 2 mm in diam., subglabrous, at apex with 5 horn-like projections ca. 0.6 mm long. Pistillate capitula singly axillary, sessile, ca. 3 mm in diam., multi-flowered; receptacle orbicular, ca. 2 mm in diam., glabrous; involucral bracts ca. 20, membranous, white, glabrous, mostly triangular, ca. 1.5×0.6 mm, abaxially 1-green-carinate, a few bracts deltoid, 1×1.5 mm; bracteoles dense, linear-navicular, ca. 1×0.4 mm, sparsely ciliate, abaxially 1-carinate. Pistillate flowers 3-5 densely fasciculate, sessile; tepals absent; ovary white, ellipsoid, ca. 0.4 mm long, on apex with 3-4 stigmatic hairs 0.2-0.3 mm long.

重慶市(Chongqing Shi)：江津區(qū)，四面山，臥龍溝(Jiangjin Qu,Simian Shan,Wolonggou),alt.1 009 m,陰濕巖壁上，花黃綠色(on shady wet stony cliff,fls. yellow-green),2016-03-09,劉正宇，張軍等(Z.Y.Liu,J.Zhang et al.)S-0112(holotype,PE);同地，四面山，千砂巖(same locality,Simian Shan,Qianshayan),alt.1 020 m,闊葉林下，花黃綠色(under broad-leaved forest,fls. yellow-green),2016-03-11,劉正宇，林茂祥等(Z.Y.Liu,M.X.Lin et al.)S-0628(paratype,PE).

本種的葉具半離基三出脈，雄頭狀花序具長(zhǎng)柄，雌頭狀花序無(wú)柄，因此與也具上述特征的托葉樓梯草ElatostemanasutumHook. f.可能有親緣關(guān)系，與后者的區(qū)別在于本種的葉較小，長(zhǎng)達(dá)5 cm，寬達(dá)1.6 cm，不具三出脈，雌總苞苞片以及雄、雌小苞片均在背面具龍骨狀突起，無(wú)角狀突起，柱頭只由3～4根柱頭毛組成。在托葉樓梯草，葉較大，長(zhǎng)達(dá)15.5 cm，寬達(dá)6.5 cm，具三出脈或離基三出脈，雌總苞苞片以及雄、雌小苞片均在頂端具角狀突起，無(wú)龍骨狀突起，柱頭具多數(shù)密集的柱頭毛[1]。

四面山樓梯草 圖1：K-M

ElatostemasimianshanicumW.T.Wang, sp. nov. Fig.1:K-M

[Sect. Weddellia(H.Schr?ter) W.T.Wang ser. Stipulosa W.T.Wang]

Species nova haec est affinisElatostematilongicuspiW.T.Wang & Y.G.Wei, a quo caulibus apice puberulis, capitulorum staminatorum pedunculis brevioribus, bracteis involucralibus staminatis lineari-navicularibus dorso 1-carinatis haud corniculatis facile distinguitur. InE.longicuspi, caules glabri, capitulorum staminatorum pedunculi longiores 1.5-2.3 cm longi, et bracteae involucrales staminatae oblongae dorso sub apicem breviter corniculatae haud carinatae sunt.

Perennial herbs. Stem ca. 32 cm tall, near base 2 mm in diam., above 2-branched or simple, near apex puberulous(hairs 0.1 mm long). Leaves alternate, shortly petiolate or sessile, glabrous; blades papery, obliquely oblanceolate, 3.2-10×1.2-3.2 cm, at apex cuspidate, at base cuneate at leaf narrow side and auriculate at broad side, at margin obtusely dentate, penninerved, secondary nerves 4 at leaf narrow side and 6 at broad side, adaxially flat and abaxially slightly prominent, cystoliths slightly dense, bacilliform, 0.1-0.2 mm long; petioles 0-2 mm long; stipules subulate, ca. 1.2 mm long. Staminate capitula singly axillary, ca. 5×8 mm, 4-6-flowered, glabrous, pedunculate; peduncles 4-9 mm long; receptacles inconspicuous; involucral bracts ca. 7, 1-seriate, linear-navicular, unequal in size, 1.5-3×0.5-1 mm, at apex acute, abaxially 1-carinate, with apex of carina protruding out to form a triangular projection ca. 0.5 mm long; bracteoles few, similar to involucral bracts, but smoller; pedicels 1-3 mm long. Staminate flower glabrous: Tepals 5, white, membranous, orbicular-obovate or ovate, 2×1.5-2.2 mm, on apex long corniculate, with horn-like projections ca. 2 mm long. Stamens 5, white; filaments narrowly lanceolate-linear, ca. 2 mm long; anthers oblong, ca. 0.8 mm long. Pistillode minute, subulate, ca. 0.3 mm long. Pistillate capitula and pistillate flowers unknown.

重慶市(Chongqing Shi)：江津區(qū)，四面山，和尚腦(Jiangjin Qu,Simian Shan,Heshanglao),alt.859 m,針葉林下，花淡黃綠色(under needle-leaved forest,fls. yellowish-greenish),2016-03-09,劉正宇，林茂祥等(Z.Y.Liu,M.X.Lin et al.)S-0519(holotype,PE)；同地，四面山，南天門(mén)(same locality,Simian Shan,Nantianmen),alt.714 m,針葉林中巖壁上(on stony cliff in needle-leaved forest),2016-03-10,劉正宇，張軍等(Z.Y.Liu, J.Zhang et al.)S-0178(paratype,PE).

本種與長(zhǎng)尖樓梯草(ElatostemalongicuspeW.T.Wang & Y.G.Wei)在親緣關(guān)系上接近，與后者的區(qū)別在于本種的莖頂端被短柔毛，雄頭狀花序的花序梗較短，長(zhǎng)僅4～9 mm，雄總苞苞片呈條狀船形，背面具一龍骨狀突起，無(wú)角狀突起。在長(zhǎng)尖樓梯草，莖無(wú)毛，雄頭狀花序的花序梗較長(zhǎng)，長(zhǎng)1.5～2.3 cm，雄總苞苞片呈長(zhǎng)圓形，背面頂端之下有角狀突起，無(wú)龍骨狀突起[1]。

致謝深切感謝劉正宇先生惠贈(zèng)珍貴蕁麻科植物標(biāo)本，以及鐘小紅女士打印本文稿件。

1.王文采.中國(guó)樓梯草屬植物[M].青島:青島出版社,2014.

Wang W T.Elatostema(Urticaceae) in China[M].Qingdao:Qingdao Publishing House,2014.

2.王文采.中國(guó)赤車屬新分類[J].廣西植物,2016,36(1):1-29.

Wang W T.Nova classificatio specierum sinensiumPellioniae(Urtiaceae)[J].Guihaia,2016,36(1):1-29.

date:2017-02-28

OneNewSpeciesofPellioniaandTwoNewSpeciesofElatostema(Urticaceae)fromChongqing

WANG Wen-Tsai

(State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany,Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093)

One species of the genusPellioniaand two species of the genusElatostema(Urticaceae) are described as new from Simian Shan, Jiangjin Qu, Chongqing Shi: (1)Pellioniasimianshanicais related toP.ronganensisW.T.Wang & Y.G.Wei, differing from the latter in its fewer secondary nerves of leaves, 2 shortly corniculate tepals of pistillate flower, and its oblong achenes; (2)Elatostemaoligotrichumis possibly related toE.nasutumHook. f., differing from the latter in its smoller leaves, carinate pistillate involucral bracts and staminate and pistillate bracteols, and its stigma consisting of only 3 or 4 hairs; (3)Elatostemasimianshanicumis related toE.longicuspeW.T.Wang & Y.G.Wei, differing from the latter in its puberulous stem apex, shorter peduncles of staminate capitula, and its linear-navicular and carinate staminate involucral bracts.

Urticaceae;Pellionia;Elatostema;new species;Chongqing

王文采(1926—)，男，研究員，中國(guó)科學(xué)院院士，主要從事有花植物分類學(xué)研究。

2017-02-28

Author introduction：WANG Wen-Tsai(1926—),male,senior scientist,Academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences,major in flowering plant taxonomy.

Q949.737.5

A

10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2017.05.001