快速發(fā)展地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)—資源—環(huán)境系統(tǒng)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展研究

程瀟雨+渠麗萍

摘要：鄂州市作為湖北省第一個(gè)城鄉(xiāng)一體化試點(diǎn)城市，正在積極、快速推進(jìn)城鎮(zhèn)化發(fā)展，全力打造新型城鎮(zhèn)化城市。通過建立城市經(jīng)濟(jì)-資源-環(huán)境（ERE）系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系，利用主成分分析法、回歸分析法、隸屬度函數(shù)構(gòu)建ERE系統(tǒng)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展評(píng)價(jià)模型，測(cè)算了鄂州市2000-2013年ERE系統(tǒng)的綜合發(fā)展水平及協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展度。結(jié)果表明，①鄂州市經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展迅速，資源、環(huán)境發(fā)展相對(duì)滯后。②經(jīng)濟(jì)-資源-環(huán)境系統(tǒng)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展度2000-2013年平均處于中級(jí)協(xié)調(diào)水平且有下降的趨勢(shì)，經(jīng)濟(jì)-資源子系統(tǒng)矛盾是阻礙ERE系統(tǒng)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展度上升的主要原因。③資源消耗、環(huán)境保護(hù)問題成為制約鄂州城市發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵，應(yīng)根據(jù)鄂州市實(shí)際情況制定協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展政策和措施。

關(guān)鍵詞：城鎮(zhèn)化；經(jīng)濟(jì)-資源-環(huán)境系統(tǒng)；協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展；工業(yè)化；鄂州市

中圖分類號(hào)：X24 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：A 文章編號(hào)：0439-8114（2017）16-3155-05

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2017.16.040

Research on Coordinative Development of Economy Research Environment System in Rapidly Development Regions：A Case Study of Ezhou in Hubei

CHENG Xiao-yu，QU Li-ping

（School of Public Administration， China University of Geosciences，Wuhan 430074，China）

Abstract： As the first pilot city of urban-rural integration in Hubei， Ezhou forward the development of urbanization in a positive rapid manner， and to build new-type urbanization city with all its strength. Establishing an evaluation index system for the coordinate developmental degree of ERE system， which reflects the goal of ecological civilization constructing. By means of the PCA method，regression analysis method and membership function，a coordinating development evaluating model of ERE system was established. The comprehensive developmental level of ERE system in Ezhou was calculated from 2000 to 2013. The results showed that firstlyeconomic development was rapid in Ezhou， while environment and resources development were lagging behind. Secondly， the comprehensive developmental level of ERE system was in the intermediate coordination average level during 2000 to 2013， showed a trend of decline in recent years. The main reason is economy and resource system coordinative developmental degree declines. Thirdly， the problem of resources consumption and environment protection became the key to restricting the development of Ezhou， therefore the coordinated development measures and policies should be built according to the real situation of Ezhou.

Key words： urbanization； ERE system； coordinative development； industrialization； Ezhou

城鎮(zhèn)化是經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、生產(chǎn)力提高、社會(huì)進(jìn)步的必然趨勢(shì)。改革開放以來，伴隨著工業(yè)化進(jìn)程加速，中國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)化經(jīng)歷了一個(gè)起點(diǎn)低、速度快的發(fā)展過程，城鎮(zhèn)化率從1978年的17.9%提升到2013年的53.7%，年均提高1.02個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。城鎮(zhèn)化作為工業(yè)化和現(xiàn)代化的載體與平臺(tái)，對(duì)促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和推進(jìn)現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)發(fā)揮了有力的支撐作用[1]。但是城鎮(zhèn)化進(jìn)程的加快促使人類過度追求經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，毫無節(jié)制的濫用資源，同時(shí)對(duì)環(huán)境也造成較大的破壞。這也導(dǎo)致了經(jīng)濟(jì)-資源-環(huán)境（ERE）系統(tǒng)發(fā)展的不協(xié)調(diào)日益明顯。加快經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型和深入發(fā)展健康城市化則是解決目前中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展所面臨一系列資源環(huán)境問題的必然選擇。因此，對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)-資源-環(huán)境系統(tǒng)發(fā)展的協(xié)調(diào)性做定量評(píng)價(jià)，是實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益與資源環(huán)境效益雙贏的首要前提。

國(guó)外學(xué)者對(duì)于經(jīng)濟(jì)、資源、環(huán)境系統(tǒng)耦合的研究起源于19世紀(jì)末，形成了大量理論與實(shí)證研究成果。美國(guó)學(xué)者Grossman等[2]提出了環(huán)境庫茲涅茨曲線，表明環(huán)境污染與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)呈倒“U”型。Vehmas等[3]較早的對(duì)資源環(huán)境壓力與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的脫鉤關(guān)系進(jìn)行了研究。Siebert[4]認(rèn)為經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)規(guī)模超過環(huán)境所承載限度將會(huì)嚴(yán)重影響生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。國(guó)內(nèi)學(xué)者對(duì)此也有系統(tǒng)深入的分析，研究?jī)?nèi)容主要集中在經(jīng)濟(jì)-資源-環(huán)境系統(tǒng)耦合的理論、協(xié)調(diào)耦合度分析、系統(tǒng)動(dòng)態(tài)模擬等方面。馬世駿等[5]構(gòu)建了社會(huì)-經(jīng)濟(jì)-自然復(fù)合生態(tài)系統(tǒng)觀，揭示了三者之間的相互作用機(jī)制。隨后，齊曉娟等[6]、劉承良等[7]、胡彪等[8]、于忠華等[9]、賀晟晨等[10]、秦偉山等[11]從多學(xué)科、多尺度研究了經(jīng)濟(jì)、資源、環(huán)境系統(tǒng)的協(xié)調(diào)耦合問題。但研究尺度以省區(qū)、城市群（經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)）為主，研究區(qū)域主要分布在發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)和西部生態(tài)脆弱區(qū)，對(duì)于中部地區(qū)中小城市實(shí)證研究相對(duì)薄弱。近十三年鄂州城鎮(zhèn)化水平年均提高1.5%左右，經(jīng)濟(jì)增速基本保持在12%以上。從速度上衡量，鄂州市屬于中部快速城鎮(zhèn)化地區(qū)中較為典型的城市；從區(qū)位上看，鄂州市作為湖北省第一批改革開放試驗(yàn)區(qū)，毗鄰武漢，是“1+8”武漢城市圈成員之一。endprint