一、名詞
寫作中,學(xué)生們常把握不好名詞的數(shù)、所有格以及一些集合名詞的用法。
1. He gave me a very good advice yesterday.
句中的a要去掉,因?yàn)閍dvice是不可數(shù)名詞。一些漢語概念為可數(shù)的詞在英語中卻是不可數(shù)的,表示數(shù)量時(shí)在其前加a piece of,類似的詞有:news, bread, work, paper, chalk, furniture, information等等。
2. That girl loves reading book.
可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)不能孤零零地放在句子里,或前面加冠詞,或?qū)⑵渥優(yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)。此處最好變?yōu)閎ooks。
3. He went into a book’s shop and bought a dictionary.
一般表示有生命的東西的名詞的所有格用’s,如my mother’s car, 而此處適宜用名詞修飾名詞,改為a book shop。
4. My family is watching TV.
一些集合名詞如看成一個(gè)整體,則用單數(shù)的謂語動(dòng)詞,如My family is a happy one; 如強(qiáng)調(diào)集合中每個(gè)個(gè)體的個(gè)人行為,則用復(fù)數(shù)的謂語動(dòng)詞。此處看電視是個(gè)體行為,應(yīng)把is改為are。類似的詞有:team, class, audience等。
5. I bought some potatos and tomatos at the supermarket.
中學(xué)階段以“o”結(jié)尾的名詞中有四個(gè)詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)要加es,它們是tomato, potato, Negro, hero; 其余的都加s變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)。
6.This has nothing to do with their believes.(這和他們的信仰沒關(guān)系。)
以f,fe結(jié)尾的詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)時(shí)一般去f,fe加ves,如knife—knives, thief—thieves; 而roof和belief直接加s變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)。所以應(yīng)把believes改為beliefs。
二、冠詞
7. The boss wants to hire an useful person.
用a還是an,取決于后面單詞的第一個(gè)音標(biāo),如為元音用an,為輔音用a。useful的第一個(gè)音是輔音,所以應(yīng)把a(bǔ)n改為a。類似的,我們說a European country。
8.Plane is a machine that can fly.
Plane為可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),不能單獨(dú)放在句中,應(yīng)在其前加冠詞或把它變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù),而本句后有a machine, 因此只能在其前面加a,變?yōu)锳 plane。
9.He played a piano at the party yesterday.
把a(bǔ)改為the,因?yàn)闃菲髑坝枚ü谠~。
10.The machine was invented in 1920s.
在in后加the,因?yàn)楸硎灸甏胕n加the再加幾十的復(fù)數(shù),如在上世紀(jì)80年代,in the 80s。
11.Xiao Hong went to school by the bus every day.
去掉the,因?yàn)楸硎窘煌ǚ绞接胋y直接加交通工具。
三、代詞
使用代詞時(shí)請注意其單、復(fù)數(shù),主、賓格以及形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞的用法。
12.He is one of those speakers who make his ideas perfectly clear.
定語從句的先行詞是those speakers,為復(fù)數(shù),因此從句中的指示代詞應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù),應(yīng)把his改為their。
13.Whom do you think has left the lights on?
放在疑問句特殊疑問詞后的do you think / believe / guess / imagine /
suppose等都不參與句子成分,把它們?nèi)サ艉?,疑問詞在句中做主語用主格,做賓語用賓格。本句中去掉do you think后缺的是主語,應(yīng)把Whom改為Who。
14.The boss pretended not to see John and I.
John和I在句中都作賓語,應(yīng)把I改為me。
15.These books are mine; those in the bag are her.
Her是形容詞性物主代詞,后面應(yīng)該加名詞books,或把her改為hers。
學(xué)生導(dǎo)報(bào)·高中版2017年23期