永慶坊：老城改造影響下的新街巷

李中偉 林楠 Lab D+H景觀與城市設(shè)計(jì)事務(wù)所

永慶坊：老城改造影響下的新街巷

李中偉 林楠 Lab D+H景觀與城市設(shè)計(jì)事務(wù)所

項(xiàng)目說(shuō)明

如今的城市現(xiàn)代化改造趨于粗暴簡(jiǎn)單。老居民被趕走，取而代之的是新的居民。永慶坊的改造設(shè)計(jì)正是在這種背景下催生出來(lái)的。伴隨著這樣快速的城市改造過(guò)程，老街巷所遺留下的寶貴遺產(chǎn)和歷史風(fēng)貌將一去不復(fù)返。不過(guò)，在永慶坊的改造項(xiàng)目中，我們對(duì)這個(gè)曾經(jīng)被遺棄的老巷弄進(jìn)行了重新設(shè)計(jì)，創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)獨(dú)特的空間，促進(jìn)新老居民在一個(gè)穩(wěn)定繁榮的社區(qū)氛圍中交往、互動(dòng)。他們過(guò)著優(yōu)越的生活并且為現(xiàn)在的公共空間感到自豪。我們?cè)谠O(shè)計(jì)中考慮了建筑的公共大臺(tái)階、屋頂花園以及其他公共開(kāi)放區(qū)域，促進(jìn)了各個(gè)年齡階層的共同使用與融洽相處，以一種自然平和的方式化解了這個(gè)一度被遺棄的社區(qū)中社會(huì)階層與年齡階層之間的障礙。永慶坊建成后，這里再次成為了廣州的文化新地標(biāo)。如今創(chuàng)客企業(yè)、游客以及當(dāng)?shù)鼐用窈湍老嗵帲@充分表明了該景觀設(shè)計(jì)改造方案取得了成功。永慶坊為舊城改造提供了一個(gè)全新的范例，同時(shí)也是社會(huì)各階層融洽相處的媒介。

1 平面圖Master Plan

2 永慶大街，合適的景觀與歷史建筑相輔相成Yongqing Street, the landscape design is making dialogue with historical buildings.

3 永慶二巷，新的巷道仍然承載了居民交通的需求Yongqing 2nd Alleyway, the new alleyway still serves as a transportation function.

4 永慶二巷，古老的麻石與廢墟中的青磚組合營(yíng)造了獨(dú)特的鋪裝Yongqing 2nd Street, the existing hamp paving works well with the original brick from demolition.

項(xiàng)目簡(jiǎn)述

挑戰(zhàn)與目標(biāo)

永慶坊改造設(shè)計(jì)是廣州老巷改造過(guò)程中最重要的一個(gè)項(xiàng)目。永慶坊坐落在廣州老城的中心地帶。在20世紀(jì)50年代的經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退之前，它曾經(jīng)是華南的經(jīng)濟(jì)中心。近年來(lái)，廣州城市化進(jìn)程加快，許多歷史遺跡和主要街道通過(guò)重大改造和整修獲得新生，然而永慶坊卻一直無(wú)人問(wèn)津。2014年，萬(wàn)科集團(tuán)進(jìn)駐老鎮(zhèn)改造項(xiàng)目，萬(wàn)科的策略是保留原始居民與風(fēng)貌，保持現(xiàn)有的社會(huì)關(guān)系。我們要求對(duì)三個(gè)廢棄的老巷進(jìn)行重新設(shè)計(jì)，創(chuàng)造一個(gè)獨(dú)特的空間，因此新老居民可以在融洽快樂(lè)的氛圍中和睦相處。

設(shè)計(jì)策略

本設(shè)計(jì)方案致力于滿足老城成功改造的關(guān)鍵要素：

·采用總體性景觀設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)整合現(xiàn)存的混亂秩序

·通過(guò)景觀設(shè)計(jì)手段努力提高居民生活質(zhì)量

·為新老社區(qū)的居民創(chuàng)造共生的公共空間

·通過(guò)環(huán)境可持續(xù)發(fā)展策略尊重當(dāng)?shù)匚幕?，降低改造過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生的不利影響

系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)

未來(lái)的永慶坊，老民居、老商鋪、歷史建筑、星巴克咖啡店、創(chuàng)業(yè)營(yíng)地和早教中心的建筑各有不同、風(fēng)格多樣，公共空間的設(shè)計(jì)顯得極為重要。如何將這些獨(dú)特的建筑物連

接起來(lái)呢？公共空間的節(jié)點(diǎn)如何營(yíng)造才會(huì)成為一個(gè)吸引人氣又不影響原住民的地標(biāo)呢？為了解決場(chǎng)地問(wèn)題，我們將復(fù)雜的場(chǎng)地分成了3個(gè)系統(tǒng)：流線系統(tǒng)、文化節(jié)點(diǎn)系統(tǒng)以及自然節(jié)點(diǎn)系統(tǒng)。流線系統(tǒng)通過(guò)獨(dú)特的歷史鋪裝連接不同的建筑物與周邊的社區(qū)；而文化節(jié)點(diǎn)系統(tǒng)則形成人們聚集的所在；空中自然節(jié)點(diǎn)系統(tǒng)在屋頂營(yíng)造了一個(gè)綠意盎然的空間。

5 大臺(tái)階鳥(niǎo)瞰（夜景）The bird eye of Grand Civic Step (night scene)

6 大臺(tái)階鳥(niǎo)瞰The bird eye of Grand Civic Step

7 大臺(tái)階夜景The Grand Civic Step night scene

提高居民生活質(zhì)量

在設(shè)計(jì)改造之前，老巷曾經(jīng)遭遇嚴(yán)重澇災(zāi)，懸掛在街道上的舊電線和電纜，猶如交織在人們頭頂上的蜘蛛網(wǎng)。我們對(duì)老巷的排水系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了重新設(shè)計(jì)，設(shè)計(jì)了一條隱藏在路邊的多功能排水溝，從而解決了排水問(wèn)題，并且在多功能排水溝中鋪設(shè)了電線管道。在晚上，路邊兩側(cè)的燈光，點(diǎn)亮了每一個(gè)家庭的夜晚生活，營(yíng)造了溫暖和諧的氛圍。通過(guò)對(duì)之前的惡劣生活環(huán)境進(jìn)行改造，提高了此地居民的生活水平和自信心。

創(chuàng)建公共空間

由于政府的拆遷政策，許多生活空間和附屬設(shè)施，比如電影院和社區(qū)空間，已經(jīng)被夷為平地。為了恢復(fù)傳統(tǒng)社區(qū)的生活，我們?cè)讵M窄的小巷中規(guī)劃了一系列的獨(dú)立區(qū)域。我們采用露天劇場(chǎng)回歸傳統(tǒng)，放映露天電影。我們鋪設(shè)了一個(gè)花園，創(chuàng)造出一個(gè)公共空間。我們將李小龍祖居進(jìn)行修繕，以帶回我們當(dāng)年的記憶。在屋頂花園，年輕的企業(yè)家在此處進(jìn)行商務(wù)會(huì)談，互相交流想法，共同激發(fā)他們的想象力。

廢物利用

為了更好地展示老巷的豐富歷史，我們有效地利用了場(chǎng)地的廢料，如瓦片、青磚、麻石以及木材，并將它們變?yōu)榫坝^元素，變廢為寶。同時(shí)，我們利用傳統(tǒng)的建筑施工方法傳達(dá)出一種古老的氛圍，讓人們?cè)诠部臻g中感受到場(chǎng)地曾經(jīng)的過(guò)往。

結(jié)論

永慶坊的設(shè)計(jì)是成功的，它讓新老居民和睦相處，共同享受生活的愉悅。永慶坊已經(jīng)成為了一個(gè)充滿活力的城市中心，在這里，人們舉辦各種活動(dòng)，慶祝各種節(jié)日，比如圣誕節(jié)、中國(guó)新年。同時(shí)，永慶坊也吸引了的各地游客前來(lái)參觀游覽。永慶坊促使人們進(jìn)一步認(rèn)識(shí)和了解當(dāng)?shù)刎S富的歷史文化和生活方式，從而使這些歷史不再被現(xiàn)代城市生活的喧囂所“吞噬”。

（編輯/劉藍(lán)藍(lán)）

地理位置：廣州恩寧路

面積：3 000m2

設(shè)計(jì)周期：2016.03-2016.12

建設(shè)周期：2016.07-2017.01

業(yè)主：廣州萬(wàn)科房地產(chǎn)公司

景觀設(shè)計(jì)：Lab D+H景觀與城市設(shè)計(jì)事務(wù)所

景觀主創(chuàng)設(shè)計(jì)師：李中偉

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)：李中偉 鐘惠城 林楠 梁宗杰 藍(lán)浩

萬(wàn)科負(fù)責(zé)團(tuán)隊(duì)：程國(guó)炎 李婷婷 陳嘉健

攝影：蘇哲維（存在建筑攝影）

翻譯：李中偉

結(jié)合本地區(qū)種植制度、氣候環(huán)境、地理優(yōu)勢(shì)和土壤條件，科學(xué)選擇高產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)的雜交水稻品種，并對(duì)雜交水稻品種科學(xué)布局。最近幾年，宜香3003、宜香4245、宜香305、兩優(yōu)2161、兩優(yōu)6等水稻品種不管是在抗病性能、產(chǎn)量和生育周期方面都顯著優(yōu)于傳統(tǒng)栽植的品種。在同一個(gè)地區(qū)，可以選擇1-2個(gè)主栽品種，搭配1-2個(gè)水稻品種，有效避免水稻不單一化或多亂雜的現(xiàn)象，一般水稻品種為宜香優(yōu)2115和宜香4245。

8 瓦墻花園The Tile Wall Garden

9 近看大瓦墻落水The close view of Tile Wall

10 美麗的大臺(tái)階夜景The nice night view of Grand Civic Step

Project Statement

This design for Yongqing Fang is a reaction to modern day rapid urban transformation which pushes out the old residents and replaces them with a new set of inhabitants. In the process, all of the precious heritage, history and charm of that bygone era is lost forever. Instead of that, we redesigned the abandoned alleyways and created a unique space to encourage new and old residents to linger, mingle and interact in a regular thriving community atmosphere with a superior quality of life and somewhere they can be proud of. Features like the inviting and attractive public steps, roof gardens and other open spaces positively encourage the coming together of all age groups and breaks down social barriers in a very natural and easy manner in the once-abandoned neighborhood. After it was built, Yongqing Fang became a cultural landmark again. The entrepreneur, tourist and existing residents live together in harmony, which is proof of the success of this landscape strategy. Also it provides a totally new example for old city regeneration globally. Landscape doubles as a fusion medium for all levels of society.

Project Narrative

Challenges and Objectives

This design for Yongqing Fang is related to one of the most important renovation projects of Guangzhou old alleyways. Yongqing Fang sits in the heart of old town Guangzhou. It used to be the economic center of southern China until the recession of the 1950s. In recent years, Guangzhou has undergone a major boom in urbanization; many historic sites and the main street have regained a new lease of life through major redevelopment and refurbishment, yet Yongqing Fang was left to decay. In 2014, Vanke Group stepped in and started a transformation process for the old town. Vanke’s strategy is to retain the original residents so that the social ties can be maintained. Our design calls for redesigning the three abandoned alleyways to createa unique space so new and existing residents can linger and mingle in pleasurable coexistence.

11 瓦墻花園大棚架The Wood Canopy of Tile Roof Garden

12 屋頂花園休息區(qū)Resting Area of the Roof Garden

Design Strategy

The design approach aimed to satisfy the most critical elements of successful urban renewal:

· using landscape design to unify the sometimes chaotic community

· striving to improve the residents’ quality of life

· creating public spaces for the inhabitants in the traditional neighborhood

A systematic design

The vastly different architectural styles of the buildings on site posed the biggest challenge. To address this, we proposed an overarching structure consisting of three layers to seamlessly connect different elements: Linkage system, Culture system and Eco system. In the Linkage system, a path is planned with a unique pavement formed from ancient paving stones that connects various buildings and surrounding communities; the Culture system consists of several public gathering areas with various themes; the Eco system creates a green space at rooftop level.

Improved quality of life for the residents

Prior to renovation, the site suffered from serious waterlogging. Old wires and cables dangling over the streets were an ugly spiderweb above people’s heads. We regraded the site to solve the drainage problem and carefully concealed the drains under a multifunction curb that also carries the relocated wiring and cabling conduits. At night, the edge of the curb glows, brightening the lives of every family and creating a warm and companionable ambience. By regenerating this previously poor living environment, we raised living standards and self-esteem of the people who live there.

Symbiotic space creation

Many facilities such as cinemas and community spaces had been flattened in line with the government’s demolition policy. To restore the old community back to life, we designed a series of event areas in the narrow alleyways. We bring back the traditional open-air movies with an amphitheater. We provide coming together space with a tiled garden. We bring back the memoryof history to the community with a Bruce Lee memorial garden. At the roof garden, young entrepreneurs find a place to meet and mingle, exchange ideas and fire their imaginations.

13 瓦墻花園夜景The Tile Wall Garden night scene

14 瓦墻落水夜景Tile Wall Waterfall night scene

15 瓦墻花園細(xì)節(jié)The Tile Wall Garden detail

16 屋頂花園夜景The Roof Garden night scene

17 瓦墻花園細(xì)節(jié)The Tile Wall Garden detail

18 墻體細(xì)節(jié)The wall detail

19 木臺(tái)階細(xì)節(jié)The Wood Step detail

Reuse of old material

In order to better demonstrate the rich history of the site, we salvaged the original building materials: tiles, brick, natural stone, and wood, and turned them into landscape elements. At the same time, we used classic construction methods to convey a strong sense of the past so that people appreciate the history of the place while enjoying the landscape.

Conclusion

Yongqing Fang has been very successful as a place where existing and new residents can relax and enjoy recreation both day and night. It has also become a dynamic urban center, with celebrations and many kinds of events, such as Chinese New Year and Christmas, which also attract tourists who add to the enjoyment of the spectacles. These events encourage residents to become more aware of and appreciate the rich history and the lifestyle of the older inhabitants, which are often obscured by the hustle and bustle of urban living.

Location:Guangzhou Enning Road

Area:3 000 m2

Design time:2016.03-2016.12

Construction time:2016.07-2017.01

Client:Guangzhou Vanke

Landscape Design:Lab D+H Landscape and Urban Design

Lead Designer:Zhongwei Li

Design Team:Zhongwei Li, Huicheng Zhong, Nan Lin, Zongjie Liang, Hao Lan

Vanke Team:Guoyan Cheng, Tingting Li, Jiajian Chen

Photo credit:Zhewei Su, ARCHEXIST

Translator:Zhongwei Li

Yongqing Fang: the Civic Alleyways From Urban Transformation

Zhongwei LI, Nan LIN, Lab D+H Landscape and Urban Design