陳亦明, 周 斌, 王繼生, 徐魯白, 范恒偉, 謝君青
(溫州醫(yī)科大學附屬第二醫(yī)院肝膽外科, 浙江 溫州 325027)
MicroRNA-146a通過靶向TAK1誘導胃癌SGC-7901細胞凋亡*
陳亦明△, 周 斌, 王繼生, 徐魯白, 范恒偉, 謝君青
(溫州醫(yī)科大學附屬第二醫(yī)院肝膽外科, 浙江 溫州 325027)
目的: 觀察微小RNA-146a (miR-146a)對胃癌SGC-7901細胞凋亡的影響及其可能的分子機制。方法: 將miR-146a mimic(上調miR-146a表達)和miR-146a inhibitor(下調miR-146a表達)分別轉染至人胃癌SGC-7901 細胞中,同時設置miRNA 無義序列轉染為陰性對照組(NC組)。RT-qPCR檢測轉染后胃癌細胞miR-146a的表達水平;CCK-8法和流式細胞術檢測miR-146a對SGC-7901胃癌細胞生長活力和凋亡的影響;RT-qPCR和Wes-tern blot法檢測miR-146a上調或下調對轉化生長因子β激活激酶1(TAK1)/核因子κB (NF-κB)通路的影響。 結果: 在SGC-7901細胞中,上調miR-146a表達顯著促進細胞凋亡,而下調miR-146a表達則顯著抑制細胞凋亡。與NC組相比,miR-146a mimics轉染SGC-7901細胞后,TAK1的mRNA和蛋白表達均明顯下降,差異均有統(tǒng)計學顯著性(P<0.05),而miR-146a inhibitors轉染組TAK1的mRNA和蛋白質表達則顯著增加(P<0.05),提示miR-146a負調控TAK1表達。敲低TAK1促進SGC-7901細胞凋亡(P<0.01),而TAK1過表達TAKI則抑制SGC-7901細胞凋亡(P<0.01)。此外,過表達miR-146a和敲低TAK1均能顯著上調NF-κB抑制蛋白α(IκBα)和下調B細胞淋巴瘤-2(Bcl-2)表達。結論: 本研究結果表明miR-146a通過靶向TAK1抑制NF-κB途徑,從而誘導胃癌細胞凋亡。
胃癌SGC-7901細胞; 微小RNA-146a; 轉化長因子β激活激酶1; 核因子κB
研究表明多種基因、酶類和細胞因子等參與調控胃癌細胞活動,但迄今胃癌發(fā)生發(fā)展的確切分子機制仍未完全闡明。微小RNA(microRNA, miR)的表達在多種腫瘤中會發(fā)生改變,提示miRNA與腫瘤的發(fā)生發(fā)展密切相關[1-2]。人類miR-146a基因定位于人染色體5q33。多項研究表明miR-146a參與和腫瘤發(fā)生發(fā)展相關的多種重要生物學過程,包括細胞增殖、分化、凋亡和遷移[3]。目前有證據表明miR-146a在胃癌中表達下降,且與腫瘤大小和不良預后相關[4],但其對胃癌細胞的調控機制尚未完全清楚。
轉化生長因子β激活激酶1(transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1,TAK1)是絲裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen activated protein kinase,MAPK)家族的成員,能激活核因子κB(nuclear factor-kappa B,NF-κB)通路[5]。在大多數組織中,TAK1失活會引起細胞凋亡[6]。目前有研究表明,miR-146a在乳腺癌組織中抑制NF-κB活性[7]。然而,miR-146a能否通過抑制TAK1表達從而調控胃癌細胞凋亡迄今尚未完全明了。本研究旨在通過上調和下調miR-146a表達,了解其對胃癌SGC-7901細胞增殖和凋亡的影響并闡明其可能的分子機制。
1 細胞及試劑
人胃癌SGC-7901細胞株購自上海細胞生物研究所細胞庫;RPMI-1640 細胞培養(yǎng)基和0.25%含EDTA 的胰酶購自HyClone;胎牛血清購自Gibco;miR-146a mimic 和miR-146a inhibitor及其無義序列由上海拓然生物科技有限公司合成; TAKI siRNA(siTAK1)由上海吉瑪生物科技有限公司合成構建;TAK1-Flag質粒購自Addgene;Lipofectamine 2000轉染試劑購自Invitrogen;RT-qPCR試劑盒購自TaKaRa;miRNAeasy提取試劑盒購自Qiagen;caspase-3試劑盒、抗TAK1抗體、抗NF-κB抑制蛋白α(inhibitor of NF-κB alpha,IκBα)抗體和抗B細胞淋巴瘤-2(B cell lymphoma 2,Bcl-2)抗體購自Cell Signaling Technology;CCK-8試劑盒購自Dojindo;Annexin V/PI細胞凋亡試劑盒購自BD Biosciences;所用引物由上海鉑尚生物科技有限公司根據設計合成,見表1。
表1 實時熒光定量PCR引物序列
2 主要方法
2.1 細胞培養(yǎng)和轉染 將胃癌SGC-7901細胞置于含10%胎牛血清、1×105U/L青霉素和100 mg/L鏈霉素的RPMI-1640培養(yǎng)基中,于37 ℃、5% CO2、相對濕度為95%的培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng)。利用Lipofectamine 2000分別將miR-146a mimic(miR-146a mimic轉染組)和miR-146a inhibitor(miR-146a inhibitor轉染組)轉染至SGC-7901細胞中48 h,以使miR-146a的表達上調或下調。同時使用Lipofectamine 2000分別將siTAK1和TAK1-Flag質粒轉染至SGC-7901細胞中,使TAK1的表達下降或升高。轉染無義序列或空載體作為陰性對照(negative control, NC)組。
2.2 RT-qPCR檢測miRNA和mRNA的表達水平 按實驗要求將各組轉染48 h后的SGC-7901細胞根據Trizol試劑說明提取細胞總RNA;使用miRNAeasy提取試劑盒從SGC-7901細胞中分離miRNA。使用M-MLV逆轉錄酶以總RNA為模版逆轉錄成cDNA。應用Oligo(dT)18作為逆轉錄的引物。以U6和GAPDH為內參照,2-ΔΔCt方法計算miRNA和mRNA的相對表達水平。
2.3 流式細胞術檢測細胞凋亡率 收集各組轉染48 h后的SGC-7901細胞,并以1×109/L的濃度將細胞重懸于PBS液,5 μL Annexin V和5 μL PI室溫避光孵育15 min后,使用Accurri C6流式細胞儀檢測各組細胞凋亡情況,檢測結果使用FlowJo 7.6.2軟件進行分析。
2.4 測定caspase-3活性 將轉染后的SGC-7901細胞接種在96孔板中培養(yǎng)48 h,然后根據caspase-3試劑盒說明書進行處理。孵育后的樣品板放入VeritasTM發(fā)光檢測儀中,檢測每個樣品的熒光值,進行數據分析。
2.5 CCK-8法檢測細胞活力 將轉染后的SGC-7901細胞以每孔4 000個的密度接種于96孔板中,每孔加含10% 胎牛血清的RPMI-1640培養(yǎng)基,每6 孔為1 組,分別于接種后1 d、2 d和3 d每孔加入CCK-8 試劑10 μL,置37 ℃、5% CO2培養(yǎng)箱中孵育2 h,在450 nm波長處檢測吸光度(A)值。取每天6孔平均值繪制細胞生長曲線。
2.6 Western blot法檢測蛋白表達 收集SGC-7901細胞并用裂解液(0.5% NP40)提取總蛋白,BCA試劑盒檢測細胞中總蛋白濃度。各組上樣30 μg總蛋白,10% SDS-PAGE分離蛋白質后轉至硝酸纖維素膜,膜在5%脫脂牛奶中(室溫)封閉1 h,分別加入TAK1(1∶1 000)、IκBα(1∶1 000)和Bcl-2(1∶1 000)I抗4 ℃下孵育過夜;TBST洗滌膜 10 min,3次;然后,將膜浸泡于相對應的II抗中,在室溫下孵育2 h,再次清洗后化學發(fā)光顯影。用ImageJ圖像分析軟件對目的條帶灰度值進行定量分析,計算TAK1、IκBα和Bcl-2與β-actin的灰度值比值,得到其相對表達量。
3 統(tǒng)計學處理
所有數據采用SPSS 19.0統(tǒng)計軟件進行分析。各組數據以均數±標準差(Mean±SD)表示,兩組間數據比較采用t檢驗,多組間數據比較采用單因素方差(one-way ANOVA)分析。以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。
1 調控miR-146a表達對胃癌SGC-7901細胞凋亡的影響
RT-qPCR檢測發(fā)現miR-146a mimic 轉染SGC-7901細胞48 h后,miR-146a的表達上調,比對照組增加近3.8倍;而轉染miR-146a inhibitor后,miR-146a表達水平下降至對照組的10%左右;說明miR-146a mimic和miR-146a inhibitor轉染SGC-7901細胞成功。流式細胞術檢測發(fā)現miR-146a mimic轉染組的SGC-7901細胞凋亡率明顯高于對照組(P<0.05);而miR-146a inhibitor轉染后細胞凋亡率顯著下降(P<0.05)。此外,通過caspase-3活性來評估m(xù)iR-146a對SGC-7901凋亡的影響, 上調miR-146a表達顯著增加caspase-3活性,而下調miR-146a表達則抑制caspase-3活性,差異均有統(tǒng)計學顯著性(P<0.01),見圖1、2、3。
Figure 1.The expression of miR-146a in the SGC-7901 cells transfected with miR-146a mimic or miR-146a inhibitor. Mean±SD.n=3.**P<0.01vsNC group.
圖1 miR-146a mimic或miR-146a inhibitors轉染SGC-7901細胞后miR-146a的表達情況
Figure 2.The effect of regulating miR-146a mimic and miR-146a inhibitor on the apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells. Mean±SD.n=6.*P<0.05vsNC group.
圖2 調控miR-146a表達對SGC-7901細胞凋亡的影響
Figure 3.The effect of miR-146a mimic and miR-146a inhibitor on the caspase-3 activity in the SGC-7901 cells. Mean±SD.n=6.**P<0.01vsNC group.
圖3 調控miR-146a表達對SGC-7901細胞caspase-3活性的影響
2 調控miR-146a表達對SGC-7901細胞生長活力的影響
CCK-8實驗發(fā)現miR-146a mimic轉染SGC-7901細胞后1 d、2 d和3 d,SGC-7901細胞生長活力均顯著低于對照組(P<0.05);而轉染miR-146a inhibitor后1 d、2 d和3 d,SGC-7901細胞生長活力均顯著高于對照組(P<0.01),見圖4。
3 調控miR-146a表達對TAK1表達的影響
與對照組相比,miR-146a mimic轉染SGC-7901細胞后,TAK1的mRNA和蛋白表達水平均明顯下降,差異均有統(tǒng)計學顯著性(P<0.05);而miR-146a inhibitor轉染SGC-7901細胞后,TAK1的mRNA和蛋白質表達水平較對照組顯著增加(P<0.05),見圖5。
Figure 4.The effect of miR-146a mimic and miR-146a inhibitor on the cell activity of SGC-7901 cells. Mean±SD.n=6.*P<0.05,**P<0.01vsNC group.
圖4 調控miR-146a表達對SGC-7901細胞活力的影響
Figure 5.The effect of miR-146a mimic and miR-146a inhibitor on the expression of TAK1 at mRNA and protein levels in the SGC-7901 cells. TAK1 expression in the SGC-7901 cells transfected with miR-146a mimic was analyzed by RT-qPCR (A) and Western blot (B). TAK1 expression in SGC-7901 cells transfected with miR-146a inhibitor was analyzed by RT-qPCR (C) and Western blot (D). Mean±SD.n=3.*P<0.05,**P<0.01vsNC group.
圖5 調控miR-146a表達對SGC-7901細胞TAK1 mRNA和蛋白表達的影響
4 調控TAK1表達對SGC-7901細胞凋亡的影響
本研究通過siTAK1和TAK1-Flag調節(jié)TAK1表達,觀察TAK1對胃癌細胞的影響。轉染 siTAK1后,SGC-7901細胞TAK1的mRNA表達水平降至對照組的15.0% 左右,說明siTAK1成功轉染SGC-7901細胞。流式細胞術結果顯示,siTAK1轉染后,SGC-7901細胞凋亡率較對照組顯著增加(P<0.01)。反之,TAK1-Flag轉染SGC-7901細胞使TAK1蛋白過表達后,SGC-7901細胞凋亡率顯著減少(P<0.01),見圖6、7、8。
Figure 6.The mRNA expression of TAK1 in the SGC-7901 cells transfected with siTAK1. Mean±SD.n=3.**P<0.01vsNC group.
圖6 SGC-7901細胞轉染siTAK1后TAK1的mRNA表達變化
Figure 7.The effect of siTAK1 on the apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells was detected by flow cytometry with FITC-Annexin V and PI staining. Mean±SD.n=6.*P<0.05vsNC group.
圖7 下調TAK1表達對SGC-7901細胞凋亡的影響
Figure 8.The effect of TAK1-Flag on the apoptotic rate of SGC-7901 cells was detected by flow cytometry with FITC-Annexin V and PI staining. Mean±SD.n=6.*P<0.05vsNC group.
圖8 過表達TAK1對SGC-7901細胞凋亡的影響
5 調控miR-146a表達對NF-κB途徑的影響
Western blot結果顯示,轉染miR-146a mimic后的SGC-7901細胞,其IκBα蛋白水平為對照組的2.1倍;相反的,轉染miR-146a inhibitor后,IκBα蛋白水平降至對照組的66.1%。與此同時,通過siTAK1 抑制TAK1表達后,IκBα的蛋白水平增加(為對照組的1.5倍);而TAK1過表達后,IκBα降至對照組的62.0%。此外,本研究還檢測了miR-146a和TAK1對Bcl-2表達的影響。miR-146a mimic轉染SGC-7901細胞后,Bcl-2表達下降(P<0.05),而miR-146a inhibitor轉染后,胃癌細胞Bcl-2表達增加(P<0.05)。siTAK1轉染SGC-7901細胞后,Bcl-2表達下降(P<0.05),而TAK1過表達時,胃癌細胞Bcl-2表達增加(P<0.05),見圖9。
miR-146a是miRNA大家族的重要一員,既往研究發(fā)現miR-146a在乳腺癌和前列腺癌等惡性腫瘤中發(fā)揮抑癌作用[7-8]。Kogo等[4]和Hou等[9]均發(fā)現miR-146a在胃癌組織中表達減少;Kogo等[4]發(fā)現miR-146a的低表達與胃癌的淋巴結轉移和血行轉移有關;Hou等[9]發(fā)現,miR-146a能抑制胃癌MKN-45細胞的存活并促進其凋亡。此外,還有研究表明miR-146a能抑制胃癌的轉移[10]。這些都提示miR-146a在胃癌中發(fā)揮抑癌作用。本研究發(fā)現經miR-146a mimic和miR-146a inhibitor轉染后,過表達miR-146a可以促進SGC-7901細胞凋亡并抑制其增殖,而下調miR-146a可以促進SGC-7901細胞增殖并抑制其凋亡,這些結果提示miR-146a在胃癌的發(fā)生過程中發(fā)揮著抑癌作用。
Figure 9.The effect of miR-146a mimic (A), miR-146a inhibitor (B), siTAK1 (C) and TAK1-Flag (D) on the protein expression of IκBα and Bcl-2 in the SGC-7901 cells. Mean±SD.n=3.*P<0.05,**P<0.01vsNC group.
圖9 miR-146a和TAK1調控表達對SGC-7901細胞IκBα和Bcl-2蛋白表達的影響
在胃癌細胞中,NF-κB通路在調節(jié)細胞生存、凋亡和炎癥中起關鍵作用,NF-κB活化與胃癌的不良結局相關[11]。bcl-2基因是NF-κB的直接靶點,與IκBα形成負反饋環(huán)路。最近研究表明,在乳腺癌細胞中過表達miR-146a可減少IκBα的磷酸化[7]。在非小細胞肺癌細胞中miR-146a過表達會引起IκBα表達的上調[12]。本研究發(fā)現miR-146a過表達顯著增加了胃癌細胞的IκBα表達,對Bcl-2表達起抑制作用;而miR-146a下調降低了IκBα的水平,上調了Bcl-2的表達。因此,本研究表明miR-146a通過上調IκBα的表達而抑制NF-κB途徑誘導SGC-7901細胞凋亡。
TAK1是NF-κB的上游激酶,被稱為決定細胞命運的關鍵分子成分。研究表明TAK1通過磷酸化IκB激酶復合物使其降解和釋放NF-κB,NF-κB遷移至細胞核后轉變?yōu)榛钚孕问剑缓蠹せ钜幌盗袇⑴c抑制凋亡和促進增殖的基因[5-6]。本研究發(fā)現miR-146a反向調控TAK1的表達。此外,過表達miR-146a或敲低TAK1均導致SGC-7901細胞IκBα表達增加。相反,下調miR-146a或過表達TAK1可下調IkBα的蛋白水平。因此,miR-146a可能是通過負調控胃癌細胞TAK1表達而抑制NF-κB途徑。
綜上所述,本研究通過調節(jié)miR-146a表達觀察其對胃癌SGC-7901 細胞生長和凋亡的影響,并表明miR-146a可能通過靶向TAK1抑制NF-κB途徑誘導胃癌細胞凋亡。
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(責任編輯: 林白霜, 余小慧)
MicroRNA-146a promotes apoptosis of gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells by targeting TAK1
CHEN Yi-ming, ZHOU Bin, WANG Ji-sheng, XU Lu-bai, FAN Heng-wei, XIE Jun-qing
(DepartmentofHepatobiliarySurgery,TheSecondAffiliatedHospital,WenzhouMedicalUniversity,Wenzhou325027,China.E-mail:chenyiming209 @126.com)
AIM: To explore the effect of microRNA-146a (miR-146a) on apoptosis of human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells and the underluing mechanism. METHODS: miR-146a mimic (up-regulated miR-146a expression) and miR-146a inhibitor (down-regulated miR-146a expression) were transfected into the SGC-7901 cells by liposome method. At the same time, miRNA nonsense sequence transfection group as the negative control group (NC group) was set up. RT-qPCR was used to evaluate the levels of miR-146a in the SGC-7901 cells after transfection. The effects of miR-146a on the cell apoptosis and growth were assessed by flow cytometry analysis and CCK-8 assay, respectively. The effect of over-expression or knockdown of miR-146a on transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1)/ nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling was evaluated by RT-qPCR and Western blot. RESULTS: miR-146a modulated apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells. Over-expression of miR-146a significantly increased apoptosis, whereas knockdown of miR-146a inhibited the apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells. The expression of TAK1 at mRNA and protein levels was significantly decreased when miR-146a mimic was transfected into the SGC-7901 cells (P<0.05). On the contrast, the expression of TAK1 at mRNA and protein were significantly higher in miR-146a inhibitor transfection group than that in NC group (P<0.05), suggesting that miR-146a negatively regulated TAK1 expression. Moreover, knockdown of TAK1 enhanced the apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells (P<0.01), while over-expression of TAK1 inhibited the apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells(P<0.01). Additionally, both over-expression of miR-146a and knockdown of TAK1 led to a prominent increase in the expression of NF-κB inhibitor protein alpha (IκBα) and a significat decrease in B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) level in the SGC-7901 cells. CONCLUSION: miR-146a significantly promotes apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells by inhibition of NF-κB pathway via targeting TAK1.
Gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells; MicroRNA-146a; Transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1; Nuclear factor-kappa B
1000- 4718(2017)08- 1436- 07
2016- 12- 19
2017- 07- 06
溫州市科技計劃項目(No. Y20130231)
R730.23
A
10.3969/j.issn.1000- 4718.2017.08.015
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