張曉波,陳明泉,陳雄,戴元清,齊觀南,董超,白耀,譚新驥,谷杰,胡勝,李東杰
(中南大學(xué)湘雅醫(yī)院國際醫(yī)療部 外科,湖南 長沙 410008)
激光汽化術(shù)與前列腺電切術(shù)治療良性前列腺增生療效的Meta分析*
張曉波,陳明泉,陳雄,戴元清,齊觀南,董超,白耀,譚新驥,谷杰,胡勝,李東杰
(中南大學(xué)湘雅醫(yī)院國際醫(yī)療部 外科,湖南 長沙 410008)
目的 系統(tǒng)評價經(jīng)尿道980nm激光汽化術(shù)與前列腺電切術(shù)(TURP)治療良性前列腺增生(BPH)的療效。方法收集國內(nèi)外關(guān)于經(jīng)尿道980nm激光汽化術(shù)與TURP治療BPH的文獻(xiàn),采用Revman 5.3軟件進(jìn)行Meta分析。結(jié)果篩選后共6篇文獻(xiàn)符合納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn),總計(jì)839例,其中包括980nm激光治療組450例和TURP組389例。Meta結(jié)果顯示:和TURP組相比,980nm激光組手術(shù)時間差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化均數(shù)差(SMD)=0.11,95%CI(-0.52,0.74),P >0.05],住院時間較短 [SMD=-1.95,95%CI(-3.42,-0.48),P <0.05]及術(shù)后尿管留置時間較短 [SMD=-2.64,95%CI(-3.92,-1.36),P <0.05]。980 nm 激光組和TURP組在術(shù)后國際前列腺癥狀評分(IPSS)差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義[加權(quán)均數(shù)差(WMD)=0.12,95%CI(-0.27,0.51),P >0.05],術(shù)后生活質(zhì)量評分(QOL)評分差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義[SMD=0.00,95%CI(-0.57,0.57),P >0.05],術(shù)后最大尿流率(Qmax)差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義 [SMD=0.06,95%CI(-0.26,0.37),P >0.05]。結(jié)論980nm激光治療良性BPH與經(jīng)典的TURP術(shù)式相比,在住院時間和術(shù)后尿管留置時間方面有優(yōu)勢,遠(yuǎn)期效果無明顯差異。
良性前列腺增生;經(jīng)尿道980nm激光汽化術(shù);經(jīng)尿道前列腺電切術(shù)
良性前列腺增生(benign prostate hyperplasia,BPH)是引起中老年男性排尿障礙的常見疾病,隨著年齡的增長,其發(fā)病率逐漸增加[1-2]。經(jīng)尿道前列腺電切術(shù)(transurethral resesction of prostate,TURP)是目前BPH治療的金標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[3],但它仍存在如術(shù)中出血較多,易并發(fā)經(jīng)尿道電切綜合征等不足,且其對高齡或合并其他嚴(yán)重疾病的患者并不合適[4]。經(jīng)尿道980nm激光前列腺汽化術(shù)是治療BPH的新方法,它具有優(yōu)秀的組織消融和止血能力[5]。本研究收集整理了國內(nèi)外對上述兩種手術(shù)方式進(jìn)行對比的相關(guān)臨床研究,并按Cochrane標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行Meta分析,以期為臨床提供參考。
1.1 檢索方式
系統(tǒng)檢索了中國知網(wǎng)、萬方、維普cqvip、中國生物文獻(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)庫(CBMdisc)、Pubmed、Embase、OVID和Cochrane等中英文數(shù)據(jù)庫,以980nm激光、TURP和BPH等檢索詞進(jìn)行檢索,收集了公開發(fā)表的相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)。
中文檢索詞:980nm激光,半導(dǎo)體激光,經(jīng)尿道前列腺電切術(shù),前列腺增生;英文檢索詞:980 nm laser,diode laser,transurethral resection,TURP,prostatic hyperplasia,BPH。
1.2 納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
①研究類型:比較980nm激光治療和TURP治療BPH的研究;②研究對象:診斷明確且需要手術(shù)治療的BPH患者;③干預(yù)措施:實(shí)驗(yàn)組采用經(jīng)尿道980 nm激光治療,對照組采用TURP治療;④評價指標(biāo):包括安全性指標(biāo)和有效性指標(biāo),其中安全性指標(biāo)包括住院時間、手術(shù)時間和留置導(dǎo)尿管時間,有效性指標(biāo)包括國際前列腺癥狀評分(international prostate symptom score,IPSS)、術(shù)后生活質(zhì)量評分(the quality of life,QOL)和 最 大 尿 流 率(maximum flow rate,Qmax);⑤文獻(xiàn)時間:數(shù)據(jù)庫建立至2017年4月30日。
1.3 排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
①診斷不明確,不能排除前列腺癌、前列腺炎等疾??;②合并神經(jīng)源性膀胱、嚴(yán)重尿路感染等疾??;③不符合手術(shù)指征或者不耐受手術(shù)者。
1.4 納入研究質(zhì)量評分
參照改良Jadad標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對納入的研究進(jìn)行方法學(xué)質(zhì)量評分[6],包括隨機(jī)序列的產(chǎn)生、隨機(jī)化隱藏、盲法和失訪退出等。1~3分視為低質(zhì)量研究,4~7分視為高質(zhì)量研究。
1.5 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用Cochrane系統(tǒng)評價軟件Revman 5.3軟件對提取的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行處理。各效應(yīng)量使用95%的可信區(qū)間(95% confidence interval,95%CI)表示。納入研究結(jié)果間的異質(zhì)性采用χ2檢驗(yàn),如P >0.1,I2<50%,則無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)異質(zhì)性,采用固定效應(yīng)模型,使用加權(quán)均數(shù)差(weighted mean difference,WMD)對各指標(biāo)進(jìn)行分析;如P <0.1,I2>50%,則認(rèn)為存在統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)異質(zhì)性,采用隨機(jī)效應(yīng)模型,使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化均數(shù)差(standardized mean difference,SMD)對各指標(biāo)進(jìn)行分析。以P <0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1 文獻(xiàn)檢索及篩選結(jié)果
初檢共得到111篇文獻(xiàn),剔除重復(fù)及明顯不符者,得到56篇文獻(xiàn)。查閱摘要后,剔除與研究內(nèi)容不符者,得到13篇文獻(xiàn)。查找并閱讀全文,進(jìn)一步對文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行評價,提出與納入及排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不符者,最終得到6篇文獻(xiàn),839例患者,文獻(xiàn)篩選流程如圖1。
2.2 文獻(xiàn)特征及方法學(xué)質(zhì)量評價
經(jīng)檢索有6篇文獻(xiàn)[7-12]符合要求,并對納入的文獻(xiàn)根據(jù)改良Jadad量表進(jìn)行評分,該量表包含隨機(jī)序列產(chǎn)生、隨機(jī)化隱藏、盲法、撤出與退出4個評價指標(biāo),方法恰當(dāng)?shù)?分、不清楚得1分、不恰當(dāng)?shù)?分,4項(xiàng)評價指標(biāo)的總分1~3分為低質(zhì)量研究,4~7分為高質(zhì)量研究。納入研究的一般情況及Jadad評分見附表。
圖1 文獻(xiàn)篩選流程Fig.1 Flowchart of the study selection process
2.3 Meta分析結(jié)果
2.3.1 住院時間比較 有5篇文獻(xiàn)[8-12]描述了住院時間,各研究間存在異質(zhì)性(P =0.000,I2=98%),采用隨機(jī)效應(yīng)模型合并分析。Meta分析結(jié)果顯示:兩組差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義 [SMD=-1.95,95%CI(-3.42,-0.48),P =0.009],980nm激光組住院時間比TURP組平均縮短1.95 d。見圖2。
2.3.2 手術(shù)時間比較 有6篇文獻(xiàn)[7-12]描述了手術(shù)時間,各研究間存在異質(zhì)性(P =0.000,I2=95%),采用隨機(jī)效應(yīng)模型合并分析。Meta分析結(jié)果顯示:兩組差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義[SMD=0.11,95%CI(-0.52,0.74),P =0.730]。見圖 3。
2.3.3 留置導(dǎo)尿管時間 有6篇文獻(xiàn)[7-12]描述了留置導(dǎo)尿管時間,各研究間存在異質(zhì)性(P =0.000,I2=98%),采用隨機(jī)效應(yīng)模型合并分析。Meta分析結(jié)果顯示:兩組差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義[SMD=-2.64,95%CI(-3.92,-1.36),P =0.000],980 nm激光組膀胱沖洗時間比TURP組平均縮短2.64 h。見圖4。
2.3.4 術(shù)后IPSS評分 有6篇文獻(xiàn)[7-12]描述了術(shù)后IPSS評分,各研究之間無異質(zhì)性(P =0.140,I2=39%),故采用固定效應(yīng)模型。Meta分析結(jié)果顯示:兩組差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義[WMD=0.12,95%CI(-0.27,0.51),P =0.550]。見圖 5。
附表 納入研究的一般信息及質(zhì)量評分Attached table Summary of the baseline data and Jadad score from included studies
2.3.5 術(shù)后 QOL 評分 有 3 篇文獻(xiàn)[8,11,12]描述了術(shù)后QOL評分,各研究間存在異質(zhì)性(P =0.002,I2=84%),采用隨機(jī)效應(yīng)模型合并分析。Meta分析結(jié)果顯示:兩組差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義[SMD=0.00,95%CI(-0.57,0.57),P =0.990]。見圖 6。
圖2 激光組和TURP組患者住院時間比較的森林圖Fig.2 Forest plot of the comparison of outcome data of hospital stays between 980 nm diode laser group and TURP group
圖3 激光組和TURP組患者手術(shù)時間比較的森林圖Fig.3 Forest plot of the comparison of outcome data of operative time between 980 nm diode laser group and TURP group
圖4 激光組和TURP組患者留置導(dǎo)尿管時間比較的森林圖Fig.4 Forest plot of the comparison of outcome data of catheterization time between 980nm diode laser group and TURP group
圖5 激光組和TURP組患者術(shù)后IPSS比較的森林圖Fig.5 Forest plot of the comparison of outcome data of IPSS between 980nm diode laser group and TURP group
2.3.6 術(shù)后Qmax有6篇文獻(xiàn)[7-12]描述了術(shù)后Qmax,各研究間存在異質(zhì)性(P =0.000,I2=80%),采用隨機(jī)效應(yīng)模型合并分析。Meta分析結(jié)果顯示:兩組差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義[SMD=0.06,95%CI(-0.26,0.37),P =0.720]。見圖 7。
2.4 敏感性分析
依據(jù)Cochrane手冊,Meta分析的研究個數(shù)在10個或以上時需要做漏斗圖,本研究的納入文獻(xiàn)相對較少,因而未做漏斗圖。對本研究進(jìn)行敏感性分析,分別使用固定效應(yīng)模型和隨機(jī)效應(yīng)模型計(jì)算各項(xiàng)指標(biāo),發(fā)現(xiàn)結(jié)果一致;將每個研究逐一排除后的分析顯示,靈敏度和特異度未見顯著改變。
圖6 激光組和TURP組患者術(shù)后QOL比較的森林圖Fig.6 Forest plot of the comparison of outcome data of QOL between 980nm diode laser group and TURP group
圖7 激光組和TURP組患者術(shù)后Qmax比較的森林圖Fig.7 Forest plot of the comparison of outcome data of Qmaxbetween 980nm diode laser group and TURP group
BPH是中老年男性常見病,其發(fā)病率隨著年齡的增長而增加[1],并可能引發(fā)膀胱結(jié)石、泌尿系感染和上尿路積水等癥狀。TURP是目前手術(shù)治療的金標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[2],但它仍有不足,如術(shù)中出血較多,易并發(fā)經(jīng)尿道電切綜合征等,對于高齡或合并其他嚴(yán)重疾病的患者并不合適[3]。經(jīng)尿道980nm激光前列腺汽化術(shù)是治療BPH的新方法,ROCCO等[4]學(xué)者將其與包括開放手術(shù)、TURP、鈥激光前列腺剜除術(shù)(holmium laser enucleation of theprostate,HoLEP)在內(nèi)多種BPH治療手段進(jìn)行初步比較后發(fā)現(xiàn),激光手術(shù)具有手術(shù)學(xué)習(xí)曲線短、術(shù)中術(shù)后出血少、手術(shù)視野清晰、術(shù)后恢復(fù)快和住院時間短等優(yōu)點(diǎn),但安全性以及中長期并發(fā)癥等方面尚需更大樣本的觀察及遠(yuǎn)期隨訪。
本研究搜集了國內(nèi)外對經(jīng)尿道980nm激光汽化術(shù)與經(jīng)尿道TURP治療良性BPH的療效進(jìn)行比較的文獻(xiàn),最終篩選出6篇文獻(xiàn),并選取住院時間、手術(shù)時間、術(shù)后尿管留置時間、術(shù)后IPSS評分、術(shù)后QOL評分及術(shù)后Qmax等6個指標(biāo)進(jìn)行Meta分析。Meta分析顯示:980nm激光組手術(shù)時間與TURP組相當(dāng),差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,這說明盡管TURP的切割效率略高于980激光組,但需花費(fèi)較多時間用于止血,而980nm激光由于與水和血紅蛋白有著極好的聯(lián)合吸收特性,使其在保障切割效率的同時又具有較好的止血功能,從而大大節(jié)約了手術(shù)時間[9]。另外,F(xiàn)AYAD等[13]研究表明由于粉碎器粉碎前列腺組織占用時間,導(dǎo)致HoLEP的手術(shù)時長明顯高于TURP組,這顯示980nm激光在手術(shù)效率方面的優(yōu)勢。
而在住院時間和術(shù)后尿管留置時間方面980nm激光組上均短于TURP經(jīng)尿道電切組。其原因在于:980nm激光組術(shù)中以生理鹽水代替TURP的甘露醇灌注液,大大降低了TURP綜合征的發(fā)生概率[10]。另外,得益于980nm激光有良好的止血效果,其明顯降低了前列腺術(shù)中術(shù)后的出血。980nm波長的半導(dǎo)體激光具有水與血紅蛋白的聯(lián)合吸收特性,使得其可在快速切割消融組織過程中迅速凝血,達(dá)到即刻止血的效果[7,9]。甚至有體外研究顯示,980nm波長的半導(dǎo)體激光在與鈥激光、綠激光等的對比中同樣有明顯的止血優(yōu)勢[14]。
在術(shù)后療效方面,980nm激光組在術(shù)后IPSS評分、術(shù)后QOL評分及Qmax方面與TURP組無明顯差異,均顯示較佳的治療效果。980nm半導(dǎo)體激光在確保切割消融和止血效果的同時,其雙重吸收也使得前列腺的汽化平面更為平整,而且激光光纖的頭端擺動來汽化切割前列腺組織較TURP的近遠(yuǎn)端切割的方式具有更好的操作精準(zhǔn)性和穩(wěn)定性[9]。另有研究表明,980nm波長的半導(dǎo)體激光治療BPH前后,前列腺特異抗原下降幅度明顯大于TURP組,提示980nm波長的半導(dǎo)體激光較TURP切除前列腺組織更為徹底,未來可能取得更好的療效[7]。國內(nèi)還有學(xué)者利用980nm激光來治療高危高齡的BPH患者,同樣取得安全滿意的療效[15]。
本Meta分析中納入的部分指標(biāo)異質(zhì)性較高,主要原因是不同國家和地區(qū)、不同術(shù)者、不同時間及測量儀器間的差異等都會影響統(tǒng)計(jì)指標(biāo)。因此,還應(yīng)進(jìn)行更深入的討論與研究,以使結(jié)果更加準(zhǔn)確可靠。
綜上所述,當(dāng)前證據(jù)表明經(jīng)尿道980nm激光汽化術(shù)與TURP相比,在治療BPH中留置尿管時間和住院時間短,在術(shù)后恢復(fù)方面具有一定優(yōu)勢,遠(yuǎn)期效果無明顯差異。
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(吳靜 編輯)
Diode laser vaporization of prostate versus transurethral resesction of prostate in treating benign prostatic hyperplasia: a Meta-analysis*
Xiao-bo Zhang, Ming-quan Chen, Xiong Chen, Yuan-qing Dai, Guan-nan Qi,Chao Dong, Yao Bai, Xin-ji Tan, Jie Gu, Sheng Hu, Dong-jie Li
(Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya International Medical Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China)
ObjectiveTo systematically review and evaluate the perioperative indicators and surgical curative effect of 980 nm diode laser vaporization of prostate and transurethral resesction of prostate (TURP) in treating benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).MethodsRetrieved published comparative studies 980 nm diode laser vaporization of prostate versus transurethral resesction of prostate in treating benign prostatic hyperplasia, and pooled the data from eligible studies. The statistical analysis was performed using Revman 5.3 software.ResultsSix trials including 839 patients were eligible to the criteria (450 in 980 nm diode laser group and 389 in TURP group). The baseline of patients characteristics were comparable in all the studies. Meta analysis showed that: the operative time was not significantly different between the 980 nm diode laser group and TURP group [SMD = 0.11, 95 ~ CI (-0.52,0.74), P > 0.05]; Compared with TURP group, 980 nm diode laser group has shorter hospital stays [SMD = -1.95,95%CI (-3.42, -0.48), P < 0.05], and shorter catheterization time [SMD = -2.64, 95%CI (-3.92, -1.36), P < 0.05].There was no significant difference between IPSS [WMD = 0.12, 95%CI (-0.27, 0.51), P > 0.05], QOL [SMD = 0.00,95%CI (-0.57, 0.57), P > 0.05] and Qmax[SMD = 0.06, 95%CI (-0.26, 0.37), P > 0.05].Conclusion980 nm diode laser vaporization of prostate is safe and effective in treating benign prostatic hyperplasia, and compared with TURP,it has advantages in shorter hospital stays and shorter catheterization time.
benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH); 980 nm diode laser vaporization of prostate; transurethral resesction of prostate (TURP)
R697.3
A
10.3969/j.issn.1007-1989.2017.07.004
1007-1989(2017)07-0016-06
2017-04-06
湖南省自然科學(xué)基金(No:14JJ7004)
李東杰,E-mail:jerry1375@126.com;Tel:13755011481