馬婉玲,趙娓娓,宦怡,魏夢綺,任靜,楊勇,張勁松,潘奇,張廣文,董軍強
(第四軍醫(yī)大學(xué)西京醫(yī)院放射科,陜西西安710032)
IVIM-DW I在胰腺癌和神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌腫瘤診斷和鑒別中的應(yīng)用價值
馬婉玲,趙娓娓,宦怡,魏夢綺,任靜,楊勇,張勁松,潘奇,張廣文,董軍強
(第四軍醫(yī)大學(xué)西京醫(yī)院放射科,陜西西安710032)
目的:探討IVIM-DWI診斷和鑒別胰腺癌和胰腺神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌腫瘤的最佳量化參數(shù)。材料與方法:應(yīng)用GE Discovery MR750 3.0T磁共振掃描儀對手術(shù)證實的22例胰腺癌和17例胰腺神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌腫瘤患者行胰腺多b值DWI。應(yīng)用IVIM雙指數(shù)模型測量胰腺癌和胰腺神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌腫瘤與非瘤區(qū)胰腺組織的表觀擴散系數(shù)(ADC)、純擴散系數(shù)(D)、假擴散系數(shù)(D*)和灌注分?jǐn)?shù)(?),并應(yīng)用單因素方差分析進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析。結(jié)果:胰腺癌的ADC和?低于非癌區(qū)胰腺組織(0.803×10-3mm2/s vs 0.974×10-3mm2/s;54.527%vs 64.486%),D高于非癌區(qū)胰腺組織(0.659×10-3mm2/s vs 0.535×10-3mm2/s),鑒別胰腺癌和非癌區(qū)胰腺組織時D診斷效能最高。胰腺神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌腫瘤的ADC、D和?均高于非瘤區(qū)胰腺組織(0.933×10-3mm2/s vs 0.753×10-3mm2/s;0.549×10-3mm2/s vs 0.429×10-3mm2/s;67.275%vs 59.655%),鑒別胰腺神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌腫瘤和非瘤區(qū)胰腺組織時ADC診斷效能最高。胰腺癌的ADC、D*和?低于胰腺神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌腫瘤(0.803×10-3mm2/s vs 0.933×10-3mm2/s;4.852×10-3mm2/s vs 11.301×10-3mm2/s;54.527%vs 67.275%),鑒別胰腺癌和神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌腫瘤是D*診斷效能最高。胰腺癌的D*明顯低于G2~3期胰腺神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌腫瘤(4.852×10-3mm2/s vs 11.937×10-3mm2/s)。結(jié)論:IVIM-DWI相關(guān)參數(shù)(ADC、D*、D、?)可以有效鑒別胰腺癌和胰腺神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌腫瘤與非瘤區(qū)胰腺組織,IVIM-DWI是無創(chuàng)性診斷和鑒別胰腺癌和胰腺神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌腫瘤的理想方法之一。
胰腺腫瘤;癌,神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌;磁共振成像,彌散
胰腺是人體第二大消化腺,分泌多種消化酶和激素,同時具有內(nèi)外分泌功能,是調(diào)節(jié)人體機能的重要器官之一。在北美,胰腺癌居腫瘤致死疾病的第4位,據(jù)文獻(xiàn)報道,至2020年,胰腺癌將成為腫瘤中的“第二大殺手”[1]。由于胰腺位于腹膜后,位置較深,早期胰腺癌多無特異性癥狀和體征,大多數(shù)胰腺癌確診時已處于進(jìn)展期[2],錯過了手術(shù)的最佳時機。胰腺神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌腫瘤是第二常見的胰腺腫瘤[3],其生物學(xué)行為多樣,可以為良性、交界性、惡性[4-5],手術(shù)是唯一有效的治療方法。胰腺神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌腫瘤預(yù)后較胰腺癌好,即使處于進(jìn)展期,它的總體生存期也較胰腺癌長[6]。因此,胰腺癌和胰腺神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌腫瘤的早期診斷和鑒別尤為重要。本研究旨在比較胰腺癌、胰腺神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌腫瘤和非瘤區(qū)胰腺組織的IVIMDWI各參數(shù)之間的差異,探討IVIM-DWI診斷和鑒別胰腺癌和胰腺神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌腫瘤的最佳量化參數(shù)。
1.1 研究對象
收集2014年5月—2015年11月經(jīng)手術(shù)證實的22例胰腺癌和17例胰腺神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌腫瘤患者的影像學(xué)資料。其中胰腺癌患者女9例,男13例,年齡20~76歲,平均55歲;癌灶位于胰頭11例,胰頸3例,胰體5例,胰尾3例;主要臨床表現(xiàn)為消瘦、消化不良、腹部或腰背部疼痛,其中14例出現(xiàn)黃疸。胰腺神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌腫瘤患者女10例,男7例,年齡24~76歲,平均47.5歲;其中2例有多發(fā)病灶共20個瘤灶,位于胰頭9個,胰頸3個,胰體4個,胰尾4個;主要臨床表現(xiàn)為突發(fā)性低血糖7例,無痛性黃疸1例,上腹脹痛不適4例,血小板減少1例,消化道潰瘍并出血1例,無任何不適經(jīng)查體發(fā)現(xiàn)3例。
1.2 檢查方法
所有患者檢查前一日晚飯后口服番瀉葉清潔腸道,檢查前禁食、禁水4小時。采用GE Discovery MR 750 3.0T磁共振掃描儀,8通道腹部相控陣線圈,所有患者行胰腺常規(guī)MRI T1WI、T2WI和多b值DWI掃描。T1WI采用軸位LAVA-Flex,T2WI采用軸位呼吸觸發(fā)脂肪抑制快速自旋回波序列,多b值DWI應(yīng)用呼吸觸發(fā)EPI序列進(jìn)行軸位掃描,b值為0,10,20,40,60,80,100,150,200,400,800,1 000,1 200,1 500,2 000,3 000,4 000 s/mm2。掃描參數(shù)如表1。
表1 MR序列參數(shù)
1.3 數(shù)據(jù)處理及統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析
將數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)入GE AW4.6工作站,應(yīng)用自帶IVIM分析軟件測量胰腺癌、胰腺神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌腫瘤和周圍非瘤區(qū)胰腺組織的IVIM-DWI各參數(shù)。參照軸位T1WI(LAVA-Flex)和FSE-T2WI選取病灶最大層面,距離病灶邊緣1mm處手動選取盡可能大的不規(guī)則形感興趣區(qū)(ROI),非瘤區(qū)胰腺組織選取圓形ROI,盡量避開出血、壞死及胰管,每個病灶及非瘤區(qū)胰腺組織的ADC、D、D*和?測量3次,取平均值作為最終測量值。ROI面積:胰腺癌57~1 015mm2,平均396.05mm2;胰腺神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌腫瘤20~1379mm2,平均246.1mm2。
對胰腺癌、胰腺神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌腫瘤和周圍非瘤區(qū)胰腺組織的IVIM-DWI各參數(shù)進(jìn)行單因素方差分析,P<0.05具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
22例胰腺癌最大瘤灶大小約4.91 cm×3.68 cm,最小瘤灶大小約1.53 cm×1.31 cm。在軸位抑脂T2WI,20例胰腺癌呈較高信號,其中12例信號不均勻;1例胰腺癌呈略高信號;1例呈等信號;1例呈略低信號。在軸位LAVA-Flex純水像,13例胰腺癌呈較低信號,其中5例信號不均勻;8例胰腺癌呈等信號,其中5例信號不均勻;1例呈不均勻略高信號。在DWI,20例胰腺癌呈高信號,其中15例(75%)在低b值(b≤200 s/mm2)、中b值(200 s/mm2<b≤1 500 s/mm2)、高b值(b>1 500 s/mm2)均呈高信號,5例僅在低b值和中b值呈高信號,高b值時呈低信號;2例胰腺癌呈略低信號。胰腺癌的影像學(xué)表現(xiàn)見圖1,2。22例胰腺癌及非癌區(qū)胰腺組織的IVIMDWI各參數(shù)比較結(jié)果見表2。ADC、D和?鑒別胰腺癌和非癌區(qū)胰腺組織的診斷效能見ROC曲線圖(圖3)及曲線分析結(jié)果(表3)。
表2 胰腺癌及非癌區(qū)胰腺組織的IVIM-DWI各參數(shù)比較(×10-3mm2/s)
表3 ADC、D和?鑒別胰腺癌和癌周胰腺組織的ROC分析結(jié)果
圖1 胰頭癌,胰腺體尾部萎縮,胰管擴張。圖1a:軸位抑脂T2WI,胰腺癌呈不均勻較高信號,邊界較清。圖1b:軸位LAVA-Flex水相,胰腺癌呈不均勻較低信號,邊界欠清。圖1c:DWI,b=200 s/mm2,胰腺癌呈不均勻高信號,邊界欠清。圖1d:DWI,b=1 500 s/mm2,胰腺癌呈不均勻高信號,邊界清晰。圖1e:DWI,b=2 000 s/mm2,胰腺癌呈不均勻高信號,邊界清晰。圖1f:距離病灶邊緣1mm選取不規(guī)則形ROI。圖1g:增強掃描動脈期,胰頭癌呈不均勻輕度強化。圖1h:增強掃描靜脈期,胰頭癌呈延遲性不均勻強化,強化程度高于動脈期。Figure 1.Pancreatic cancer located in pancreatic head.Pancreatic body and tail showed atrophy.Pancreatic duct showed dilation.Figure 1a:Pancreatic cancer showed heterogeneous moderate hyperintensity and relatively clear boundary on axial T2WI with fat suppression.Figure 1b:Pancreatic cancer showed heterogeneous moderate hypointensity and obscure boundary on axial LAVA Flex water phase image.Figure 1c:Pancreatic cancer demonstrated heterogeneous hyperintensity and obscure boundary on DWI with b value of 200 s/mm2.Figure 1d:Pancreatic cancer demonstrated heterogeneous hyperintensity and clear boundary on DWI with b value of 1 500 s/mm2.Figure 1e:Pancreatic cancer demonstrated heterogeneous hyperintensity and clear boundary on DWI with b value of 2 000 s/mm2.Figure 1f:The irregular ROI was manually drawn along the edge 1mm away from the tumor margin.Figure 1g:Pancreatic cancer showed heterogeneous mild enhancement on arterial phase imaging.Figure 1h:Pancreatic cancer showed heterogeneous enhancement on venous phase imaging.The enhancement degree was higher than that of arterial phase.
圖2 胰頭神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌腫瘤(G2期),胰腺體尾部萎縮,胰管擴張。圖2a:軸位抑脂T2WI,胰頭腫瘤呈不均勻較高信號,邊界不清。圖2b:軸位LAVA-Flex水相,胰頭腫瘤呈不均勻較低信號,邊界不清。圖2c:DWI,b=200 s/mm2,胰頭腫瘤呈不均勻高信號,邊界較清。圖2d:DWI,b=1 500 s/mm2,胰頭腫瘤呈不均勻高信號,邊界清晰。圖2e:DWI,b=2 000 s/mm2,胰頭腫瘤呈不均勻高信號,邊界清晰。圖2f:距離病灶邊緣1mm選取不規(guī)則形ROI。圖2g:增強掃描動脈期,胰頭腫瘤呈不均勻輕度強化。圖2h:增強掃描靜脈期,胰頭腫瘤呈不均勻強化,強化程度高于動脈期。圖2a~2e,2g,2h影像學(xué)表現(xiàn)與胰腺癌難以鑒別。Figure 2.Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor located in pancreatic head(Grade 2).Pancreatic body and tail showed atrophy.Pancreatic duct showed dilation.Figure 2a:Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor showed heterogeneous moderate hyperintensity and obscure boundary on axial T2WI with fat suppression.Figure 2b:Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor showed heterogeneous moderate hypointensity and obscure boundary on axial LAVA Flex water phase image.Figure 2c:Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor demonstrated heterogeneous hyperintensity and clear boundary on DWI with b value of 200 s/mm2.Figure 2d:Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor demonstrated heterogeneous hyperintensity and clear boundary on DWI with b value of 1 500 s/mm2.Figure 2e:Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor demonstrated heterogeneous hyperintensity and clear boundary on DWI with b value of 2 000 s/mm2.Figure 2f:The irregular ROI was manually drawn along the edge 1mm away from the tumor margin.Figure 2g:Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor showed heterogeneous mild enhancement on arterial phase imaging.Figure 2h:Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor showed heterogeneous enhancement on venous phase imaging.The enhancement degree was higher than that of arterial phase.It was difficult to differentiate pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor from pancreatic cancer according to the imaging findings on Figure 2a~2e,2g,2h.
圖3 ADC、D和?鑒別胰腺癌和非癌區(qū)胰腺組織的ROC曲線。Figure 3.ROC curve of ADC,D and?for differentiating pancreatic cancer from non-cancerous pancreatic tissue.
17例胰腺神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌腫瘤共20個瘤灶,最大瘤灶大小約5.58cm×3.34cm,最小瘤灶大小約0.61cm×0.32 cm。在軸位抑脂T2WI,9個胰腺神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌腫瘤呈較高信號,邊界清晰,其中2個信號不均勻;6個胰腺神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌腫瘤呈略高信號,其中1個信號不均勻,4個邊界不清;5個呈略低信號,其中1個邊界不清。在軸位LAVA-Flex水像,18個胰腺神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌腫瘤呈較低信號,其中3例邊界不清;2例胰腺神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌腫瘤呈等信號。在DWI,18個胰腺神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌腫瘤呈高信號,其中9個(50%)在低、中、高b值均呈高信號,9個僅在低b值和中b值呈高信號,高b值時呈低信號;1個胰腺神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌腫瘤僅在低b值呈略高信號;1個胰腺神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌腫瘤呈低信號。胰腺神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌腫瘤的影像學(xué)表現(xiàn)見圖3。胰腺神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌腫瘤和瘤周胰腺組織的IVIM-DWI各參數(shù)比較結(jié)果見表4。ADC、D和?鑒別胰腺神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌腫瘤和瘤周胰腺組織的診斷效能見ROC曲線圖(圖4)及曲線分析結(jié)果(表5)。G2~3期胰腺神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌腫瘤和瘤周胰腺組織的IVIM-DWI各參數(shù)比較結(jié)果見表6。
胰腺癌和胰腺神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌腫瘤的IVIM-DWI各參數(shù)比較結(jié)果見表7。ADC、D*和?鑒別胰腺癌和胰腺神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌腫瘤的診斷效能見ROC曲線圖(圖5)及曲線分析結(jié)果(表8)。
胰腺癌和G2~3期胰腺神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌腫瘤的IVIM-DWI各參數(shù)比較結(jié)果見表9。
表4 胰腺神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌腫瘤和瘤周胰腺組織的IVIM-DWI各參數(shù)比較(×10-3mm2/s)
表5 ADC、D和?鑒別胰腺神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌腫瘤和瘤周胰腺組織的ROC分析結(jié)果
圖4 ADC、D和?鑒別胰腺神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌腫瘤和非瘤區(qū)胰腺組織的ROC曲線。Figure 4.ROC curve of ADC,D and?for differentiating pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors from non-tumorous pancreatic tissue.
表6 G2~3期胰腺神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌腫瘤和瘤周胰腺組織的IVIM-DWI各參數(shù)比較(×10-3mm2/s)
表7 胰腺癌和胰腺神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌腫瘤的IVIM-DWI各參數(shù)比較(×10-3mm2/s)
圖5 ADC、D*和?鑒別胰腺癌和神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌腫瘤的ROC曲線。Figure 5.ROC curve of ADC,D*and?for differentiating pancreatic cancer from neuroendocrine tumors.
胰腺癌在所有癌癥中預(yù)后最差,手術(shù)切除是最有效的根治方法,但僅不足20%的患者有手術(shù)機會,并且術(shù)后平均5年生存率不到5%[7]。胰腺癌早期癥狀不典型,目前尚缺乏高敏感性的早期診斷方法,多數(shù)胰腺癌進(jìn)展期才確診,貽誤了最佳治療時機。血清腫瘤標(biāo)志物CA19-9被認(rèn)為是目前診斷胰腺癌的最好指標(biāo)[8],但非腫瘤梗阻性胰腺炎患者CA19-9也會升高。細(xì)針穿刺病理檢查是最接近診斷金標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的檢查方法[9],但對于病灶較小的早期胰腺癌患者效果不佳,有創(chuàng)且有一定風(fēng)險。CT和MRI是目前臨床上確診胰腺癌最常用的方法[10],但常規(guī)CT和MRI平掃及增強掃描均在出現(xiàn)解剖學(xué)改變才能檢出胰腺癌。
表8 ADC、D*和?鑒別胰腺癌和胰腺神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌腫瘤的ROC分析結(jié)果
表9 胰腺癌和G2~3期胰腺神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌腫瘤的IVIM-DWI各參數(shù)比較(×10-3mm2/s)
胰腺神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌腫瘤是源于胰腺多能神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌干細(xì)胞的一類腫瘤,一般分為功能性與無功能性兩類。功能性胰腺神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌腫瘤通常較小,以胰島細(xì)胞瘤最常見,可出現(xiàn)低血糖等典型表現(xiàn),手術(shù)是唯一有效的治療方法。無功能性胰腺神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌腫瘤通常較大,直徑常超過2.0 cm,而且病灶越大,其惡性可能性越大[11-12]。有研究[13]表明無功能性胰腺神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌腫瘤生長緩慢、癥狀不典型,90%的病人就診時已進(jìn)展為惡性,部分已經(jīng)發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)移及周圍組織侵犯,延誤了最佳手術(shù)時機,因此早期診斷胰腺神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌腫瘤尤為重要。
磁共振擴散加權(quán)成像(DWI)通過檢測人體組織中水分子擴散運動受限的方向和程度,間接反映組織微觀結(jié)構(gòu)的變化,從細(xì)胞及分子水平研究疾病的病理生理狀態(tài),可用于良惡性腫瘤的定性及鑒別診斷[14]。ADC作為一種可以客觀評價的量化參數(shù),被廣泛應(yīng)用于良惡性病變的鑒別診斷、腫瘤預(yù)后判斷及療效評估等臨床研究中。ADC值并不能單純反映活體組織內(nèi)水分子擴散,它同時也受毛細(xì)血管網(wǎng)血流灌注效應(yīng)的影響,而后者代表了體素內(nèi)血管內(nèi)水分子的宏觀運動[15-18],因此,活體組織測得ADC值往往高于擴散系數(shù)D。Le Bihan等[15]提出應(yīng)用IVIM雙指數(shù)模型對多b值DWI進(jìn)行分析,可以同時得到灌注相關(guān)參數(shù)(?,D*)和純擴散參數(shù)(D),可用于量化DWI圖像中的兩種運動成分。
有研究顯示胰腺癌ADC值明顯低于正常胰腺[19],而Yoshikawa等[20]的研究表明胰腺癌ADC值高于正常胰腺。上述研究應(yīng)用單指數(shù)模型DWI所得胰腺癌ADC值結(jié)論不一,而Lemke等學(xué)者[21]應(yīng)用IVIMDWI研究胰腺癌的結(jié)果表明正常胰腺組織和胰腺癌的擴散系數(shù)D無統(tǒng)計學(xué)差異,胰腺癌和正常胰腺組織ADC值之間的差異是基于灌注分?jǐn)?shù)?的差異,應(yīng)用IVIM-DWI鑒別胰腺癌和正常胰腺組織時灌注分?jǐn)?shù)?是最佳參數(shù)。我們的研究結(jié)果表明,胰腺癌和非癌區(qū)胰腺組織的ADC、純擴散系數(shù)D、灌注分?jǐn)?shù)?均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)差異,IVIM-DWI可以有效地鑒別胰腺癌和非癌區(qū)胰腺組織,與Lemke等學(xué)者[21]的研究結(jié)果一致。
胰腺神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌腫瘤通常表現(xiàn)為富血供,增強后動脈期顯著強化[22]。本研究顯示胰腺神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌腫瘤的灌注分?jǐn)?shù)?顯著高于非瘤區(qū)胰腺組織。而胰腺癌富含纖維組織等間質(zhì)成分,血管分布稀疏,增強后早期強化明顯低于正常胰腺[23],通常與富血供胰腺神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌腫瘤容易鑒別。但分化差、級別較高的胰腺神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌腫瘤更具有侵襲性,腫塊一般較大且邊界不清,動脈期強化低于正常胰腺,常規(guī)影像學(xué)表現(xiàn)有時與胰腺癌難以鑒別[24]。即使處于進(jìn)展期的胰腺神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌腫瘤,也比胰腺癌生長緩慢,切除率更高,對化療更敏感,預(yù)后更好[6,25-26],因此,術(shù)前準(zhǔn)確地鑒別惡性胰腺神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌腫瘤和胰腺癌對評估病人的預(yù)后和術(shù)后治療方案的制定提供一定的幫助。本研究顯示胰腺癌的假擴散系數(shù)D*明顯低于G2~3期胰腺神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌腫瘤;以5.6×10-3mm2/s為閾值,鑒別兩者的敏感性為90.91%,特異性為62.50%,準(zhǔn)確性為83.33%。雖然無統(tǒng)計學(xué)差異,但胰腺癌的ADC、?低于G2~3期胰腺神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌腫瘤。與非瘤區(qū)胰腺組織相比,胰腺癌的ADC和?明顯減低,而G2~3期胰腺神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌腫瘤的ADC、?輕微增高。IVIM-DWI所得參數(shù)ADC、D*和?可以有效鑒別惡性胰腺神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌腫瘤和胰腺癌,為臨床制定治療方案提供影像學(xué)依據(jù)。
綜上所述,應(yīng)用雙指數(shù)模型分析多b值DWI所得參數(shù)ADC、D、D*、?可以鑒別胰腺癌和胰腺神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌腫瘤以及瘤周胰腺組織。IVIM-DWI無創(chuàng)且簡單易行,無需注射對比劑就可以同時得到灌注相關(guān)參數(shù)和擴散參數(shù),對于難以鑒別的胰腺癌和神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌腫瘤,尤其是腎功能較差的患者提供有效的影像學(xué)評估方法。
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The application value of IVIM-DW I for diagnosing and differentiating pancreatic cancer and neuroendocrine tumor
MA Wan-ling,ZHAO Wei-wei,HUAN Yi,WEIMeng-qi,REN Jing,YANG Yong,ZHANG Jin-song,PAN Qi,ZHANG Guang-wen,DONG Jun-qiang
(Department of Radiology,Xijing Hospital,Fourth Military Medical University,Xi’an 710032,China)
Objective:To explore the optimal quantitative parameters obtained from IVIM-DWI for diagnosing and differentiating pancreatic cancer and neuroendocrine tumor.M ethods:Subjects comprised 22 patients with pancreatic cancer and 17 patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors,All the patients were confirmed by surgery.Pancreas multiple b value DWI was performed using GE Discovery MR750 3.0T scanner.Apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC),pure diffusion constant(D),pseudodiffusion coefficient(D*)and perfusion fraction(?)were calculated by using IVIM model.Parameters obtained from IVIM-DWI were tested by One-Way ANOVA.Results:ADC and?values of pancreatic cancer were lower than non-cancerous pancreatic tissue(0.803×10-3mm2/s vs 0.974×10-3mm2/s;54.527%vs 64.486%,respectively).D of pancreatic cancer was higher than noncancerous pancreatic tissue(0.659×10-3mm2/s vs 0.535×10-3mm2/s).D is superior to ADC and?for the differentiation between pancreatic cancer and non-cancerous pancreas.ADC,D and?values of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor were higher than non-tumorous pancreatic tissue(0.933×10-3mm2/s vs 0.753×10-3mm2/s;0.549×10-3mm2/s vs 0.429×10-3mm2/s;67.275%vs 59.655%,respectively).ADC is superior to D and?for the differentiation between pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor and nontumorous pancreas.ADC,D*and?values of pancreatic cancer were lower than pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor(0.803×10-3mm2/s vs 0.933×10-3mm2/s;4.852×10-3mm2/s vs 11.301×10-3mm2/s;54.527%vs 67.275%,respectively).D*is superior to ADC and? for the differentiation between pancreatic cancer and neuroendocrine tumor.D*value of pancreatic cancer was significantly lower than G2~3 grade pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor(4.852×10-3mm2/s vs 11.937×10-3mm2/s).Conclusion:Quantitative parameters ADC,D,D*and?obtained from IVIM-DWI can diagnose and differentiate pancreatic cancer,neuroendocrine tumor and non-cancerous pancreatic tissue.IVIM-DWImay be a promising and non-invasive tool for diagnosing and differentiating pancreatic carcinoma and neuroendocrine tumor.
Pancreatic neoplasms;Carcinoma,neuroendocrine;Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging
R735.9;R445.2
A
1008-1062(2017)01-0049-06
2016-04-25;
2016-05-16
馬婉玲(1974-),女,陜西渭南人,副主任醫(yī)師。E-mail:marynee@163.com
宦怡,第四軍醫(yī)大學(xué)西京醫(yī)院放射科,710032。E-mail:huanyi3000@163.com
國家自然科學(xué)基金重大國際(地區(qū))合作與交流項目(81220108011);國家自然科學(xué)基金青年面上連續(xù)項目(81370039)。